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"ABSTRAKEra globalisasi memiliki dampak positif dan negatif terhadap status kesehatan masyarakat. Seiring bertambahnya populasi masyarakat yang tinggal di perkotaan, meningkat pula masalah kesehatan yang timbul, salah satunya yaitu obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Obesitas pada anak usia sekolah harus segera ditangani melalui asuhan keperawatan keluarga. Tujuan dilakukannya intervensi keperawatan mengacu pada lima tugas kesehatan keluarga. Intervensi unggulan yang dilakukan berupa pengaturan pola makan berdasarkan pedoman gizi seimbang. Asuhan keperawatan keluarga dilakukan berdasarkan lima tahapan proses keperawatan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa secara kognitif dan psikomotor keluarga tentang pengaturan pola makan mengalami peningkatan dan terjadi penurunan berat badan pada anak. Diharapkan perawat dapat melakukan pembinaan keluarga dengan anak usia sekolah yang memiliki masalah gizi melalui asuhan keperawatan keluarga secara rutin dan berkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACTGlobalization era has positive and negative effects to public health. Increasing urban population, increased health problems too. One of the health problems is obesity in school aged children. Obesity in school aged children should be treated immediately through family nursing care. The aim of the intervention refers to five family heatlh tasks. The major nursing intervention that implemented is dietary adjustments based on balance nutrition guidelines. Family nursing care implemented based on nursing process. Evaluation shows the increasing family rsquo s cognitive and psychomotor about dietary adjustments and weight loss occurs in children. Hopefully, nurses can conduct the family with school aged children who have nutritional problems through family nursing care regularly and sustainably."

"ABSTRAKMasyarakat perkotaan memiliki pola hidup yang mengutamakan kemudahan dalam banyak kegiatan. Pola hidup yang tidak sehat seperti dalam pengkonsumsian makanan atau minuman cepat saji dan aktifitas fisik yang rendah. Pola hidup yang tidak sehat tentunya dapat menjadikan masyarakat perkotaan memiliki risiko tinggi terkena masalah kesehatan seperti peningkatan risiko terjadinya masalah gizi obesitas. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menangani masalah kesehatan yang terjadi di masyarakat perkotaan dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan. Karya ilmiah akhir ini memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang dilaksanakan pada keluarga Bapak H dengan masalah obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Implementasi asuhan keperawatan keluarga dilakukan dengan pendekatan lima tugas kesehatan keluarga. Intervensi keperawatan unggulan yang dilakukan adalah pengaturan pola makan, yang terdiri dari jadwal makan dan porsi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan tubuh anak. Tujuan dari intervensi yang diberikan yaitu untuk meningkatkan status gizi pada anak usia sekolah dengan pemberian edukasi kesehatan terkait nutrisi yang tepat untuk anak obesitas. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terjadi penurunan berat badan pada anak.

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ABSTRACTUrban people have a lifestyle that focuses on eas in many activities. Unhealthy lifestyle such as the consumption of fast food or beverage and low physical activity. Unhealthy lifestyles can certainly make urban communities have a high risk of health problems such as increased risk of obesity. Solution for dealing with urban community health issues using urban community health nursing rsquo s approach. This final assigntment describes the nursing care process of Mr. H rsquo s family with obesity problem on school aged children. Implementation of family nursing care focused on the fulfillment of five family health tasks. The superior nursing intervention is dietary adjustments, which consist of feeding schedules and the corresponding portion of the child rsquo s body needs. The purpose of the intervention is to improve the nutritional status of school aged children by providing appropriate nutrition related health education for obese children. The evaluation results show weight loss in children."

"Pendahuluan: WHO menyatakan pada tahun 2013 terdapat lebih dari 42 juta anak-anak mengalami obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara pola makan dengan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan pada Juli-September 2015 di SDN 01 Menteng Jakarta. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan antropometri dan kuesioner food recall 48 jam. Data yang diperoleh kemudian di analisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pola makan tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas dengan nilai p>0.05. Diskusi: Hasil ini berbedadengan beberapa penelitian terdahulu yang mungkin disebabkan oleh pro.

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Introduction: WHO states that in 2013 there were more than 42 million children are obese. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between diet and obesity in primary school age.

Method: This study uses a crosssectional study design conducted in July-September 2015 at SDN 01 Menteng Jakarta. Data taken from anthropometry and 48-hour food recall questionnaire. The data analyzed using Chi-Square test.

Result: Statistical analysis showed that the diet has no significant association with obesity with p> 0.05.

Discussion: This result is in contrast to some previous studies that might be caused by inappropriate proportion of subjects, information bias, and low questionnaires return rate."

"[ABSTRAKPeningkatan angka urbanisasi di daerah perkotaan menimbulkan banyak masalahkesehatan. Masalah kesehatan ini berdampak pada seluruh rentang usia termasukremaja. Seorang remaja belum memiliki kemampuan untuk mengambil keputusandan berpikir jauh ke depan. Hal ini menyebabkan remaja masuk kedalamkelompok yang yang rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan. Salah satu risikomasalah kesehatan yang terjadi akibat dampak dari urbanisasi adalah obesitaspada remaja. Obesitas menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan citra tubuh pada remaja.Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan asuhan keperawatan keluargadengan masalah obesitas pada remaja (An.I) di Kelurahan SukamajubaruKecamatan Tapos Kota Depok. Setelah dilakukan beberapa kali intervensikeperawatan yaitu berupa pengaturan pola makan, berat badan An.I mengalamipenurunan dari 85 kg menjadi 84 kg. Penurunan berat badan ini pada akhirnyadapat mengatasi masalah gangguan citra tubuh pada An.I. Keluarga diharapkandapat terus memberikan dukungan kepada An.I dengan tetap menerapkanpengaturan pola makan di rumah.

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ABSTRACTIncreasing of urbanization in urban areas leads to health problems. Healthproblems give impact to all age groups including adolescent. Adolescent didn'thave ability to make a good decision and think about future. It becomes one ofsome reasons that adolescent is one of vulnerable group. One of health problemsthat occurs as impact of urbanization is obesity in adolescent. Obesity can causesalteration of body image in adolescent. The aim of this paper is to describe thefamily nursing care with obesity in adolescent (An.I) in Kelurahan Sukamajubaru,Kecamatan Tapos, Depok. After receiving nursing intervention in the form ofarranging eating pattern, body weight of An.I decrease from 85 kg to 84 kg.Decreasing body weight can solve alteration of body image. Family is expected togive support for An.I by continued to arrange eating pattern at home.;Increasing of urbanization in urban areas leads to health problems. Healthproblems give impact to all age groups including adolescent. Adolescent didn'thave ability to make a good decision and think about future. It becomes one ofsome reasons that adolescent is one of vulnerable group. One of health problemsthat occurs as impact of urbanization is obesity in adolescent. Obesity can causesalteration of body image in adolescent. The aim of this paper is to describe thefamily nursing care with obesity in adolescent (An.I) in Kelurahan Sukamajubaru,Kecamatan Tapos, Depok. After receiving nursing intervention in the form ofarranging eating pattern, body weight of An.I decrease from 85 kg to 84 kg.Decreasing body weight can solve alteration of body image. Family is expected togive support for An.I by continued to arrange eating pattern at home., Increasing of urbanization in urban areas leads to health problems. Healthproblems give impact to all age groups including adolescent. Adolescent didn’thave ability to make a good decision and think about future. It becomes one ofsome reasons that adolescent is one of vulnerable group. One of health problemsthat occurs as impact of urbanization is obesity in adolescent. Obesity can causesalteration of body image in adolescent. The aim of this paper is to describe thefamily nursing care with obesity in adolescent (An.I) in Kelurahan Sukamajubaru,Kecamatan Tapos, Depok. After receiving nursing intervention in the form ofarranging eating pattern, body weight of An.I decrease from 85 kg to 84 kg.Decreasing body weight can solve alteration of body image. Family is expected togive support for An.I by continued to arrange eating pattern at home.]"

"Gaya hidup merupakan akar masalah dari munculnya masalah obesitas pada masyarakat perkotaan. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memberikan gambaran tentang asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang dilaksanakan pada keluarga Bapak M dengan masalah ketidakseimbangan nutrisi pada anak usia sekolah. Implementasi yang telah dilakukan terdiri dari implementasi yang bersifat kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor dengan pendekatan lima tugas kesehatan keluarga. Intervensi ynag menjadi unggulan adalah pengaturan pola makan, yang terdiri dari jadwal makan dan porsi yang sesuai kebutuhan tubuh anak. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan berat badan pada anak.

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Lifestyle is the underlying cause of the emergence of nutritional problems, especially malnutrition in urban communities. This final assignment describes the nursing care process of Mr. M’s family with nutrition imbalance problem on school-aged children. Implementation to the family consisted of the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor that used the five family health tasks. Nursing interventions that became the main intervention was dietary adjustments, which consisted of feeding schedule and the corresponding portion of the child's body needs. The evaluation results showed that the weight loss in children."

"[Latar belakang: Konsumsi MRDPG meningkat secara paralel dengan peningkatan prevalens obesitas di seluruh dunia sehingga diduga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko obesitas yang bermakna. Data di Indonesia terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG dan hubungannya dengan obesitas pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap I (studi potong lintang) didesain untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG (total sampling). Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada Tahap II (studi kasus kontrol) secara purposive sampling (subjek obes dan gizi baik) dengan matching (usia dan jenis kelamin). MRDPG yang diteliti adalah soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, teh manis, dan kopi instan/siap saji. Konsumsi MRDPG dinilai dengan semi kuantitatif FFQ yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan antropometri dilakukan dengan cara standar sesuai protokol. Risiko obes karena konsumsi MRDPG dianalisis dengan conditional logistic regression bersama dengan faktor perancu. Hasil: Sebanyak 421 dan 182 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian tahap I dan II. Proporsi subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG adalah 92,2% dan 63,9% di antaranya mengonsumsi 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari. Konsumsi MRDPG pada anak lelaki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan (P<0,001). Rerata konsumsi MRDPG berdasarkan volume, kalori, dan gula tambahan adalah 348 ml, 117 kkal, dan 26,6 gram per hari (≈ 5 sdt gula pasir setiap hari). Kontribusi kalori terbesar adalah teh manis dan yang terkecil soda. Subjek mengonsumsi MRDPG di antara 2 waktu makan dan di semua tempat. Setelah mengontrol faktor perancu, subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari memiliki risiko obes sebesar 2,54 kali (RO 2,54; IK 95% 1,07-6,05; P=0,03). Risiko tersebut bertambah sebesar 45% untuk setiap konsumsi 1 porsi (RO 1,45; IK 95% 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 porsi=240 ml). Teh manis dan kopi instan/siap saji menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas. Simpulan: Pola konsumsi MRDPG pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun mengkhawatirkan. Semakin sering seorang anak mengonsumsi MRDPG, semakin besar kemungkinannya menjadi obes;Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese., Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese.]"

"Perilaku makan kurang sehat dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik merupakan penyebab umum gizi lebih pada anak usia sekolah (AUS). Model peer, guru, keluarga, perilaku makan sehat, dan aktivitas fisik (PERKASA) merupakan model inovasi keperawatan dalam penanggulangan gizi lebih pada AUS. Integrasi model PRECEEDE PROCEED, Comprehensive School Health dan Family Center Nursing menjadi pedoman pengelolaan pelayanan keperawatan, asuhan keperawatan komunitas pada agregat dan keluarga dengan gizi lebih pada AUS. Integrasi ketiga model tersebut juga mendasari penerapan model PERKASA. Hasil implementasi menunjukkan peran peer edukator paling bermakna dalam menurunkan status gizi lebih (ρ<α). Model ini disarankan diterapkan pada tatanan sekolah di Indonesia.

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Unhealthy eating behaviors and lack of physical activity are causes of over nutrition in school-age children. Model of peer, teacher, family, healthy eating behaviors and physical activity (PERKASA) is a nursing innovative to manage over nutrition in school-age children. The PRECEEDE PROCEED Model, Comprehensive School Health and Family Center Nursing were integrated to guide the management of nursing services, community nursing care and families with over nutrition in school-age children. It was also applied on PERKASA model. The results showed that role of peer educators significantly decrease over nutritional status. It is suggested to apply PERKASA model at schools. "

"Latar belakang: Obesitas di dunia terus meningkat seiring perkembangan zaman. Pada tahun 2016, sebanyak 650 juta atau 13% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun di dunia mengalami obesitas. Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 21,8% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia mengalami obesitas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan obesitas terus meningkat dan menjadi permasalahan kesehatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas pada penduduk usia ≥18 tahun di perkotaan. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder IFLS-5 dengan total sampel 16.973 responden. Uji Chi Square digunakan untuk melihat hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, perilaku merokok, konsumsi buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian obesitas. Hasil: Prevalensi obesitas pada penduduk usia ≥ 18 tahun di perkotaan berdasarkan data IFLS-5 adalah sebanyak 36,9%. Terdapat hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, perilaku merokok, konsumsi buah dan sayur, dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian obesitas. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian obesitas diantaranya usia dengan OR 1,405 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 1,312 – 1,504), jenis kelamin dengan OR 1,961 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 1,839 – 2,090), perilaku merokok dengan OR 0,490 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 0,458 – 0,525), konsumsi buah dan sayur dengan OR 0,779 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 0,732 – 0,891), dan kualitas tidur dengan OR 0,893 (P = 0,015; 95% CI 0,815 – 0,930). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas dengan nilai p = 0,708. Adapun saran yang diberikan membuat program pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas khususnya untuk kelompok berisiko yaitu perempuan berusia lebih dari 45 tahun. Peneliti lain dapat menambahkan variabel yang tidak ada di penelitian ini seperti konsumsi gula, garam, lemak, pola makan, genetik, etnis, pendidikan, dan konsumsi alkohol.

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Background: Obesity in the world continues to increase along with the times. In 2016, as many as 650 million or 13% of the population aged ≥18 years in the world were obese. In 2018, 21.8% of the population aged ≥18 years in Indonesia were obese. This shows that the problem of obesity continues to increase and become a health problem. Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors associated with obesity in residents aged ≥18 years in urban areas. Method: The method used in this study was cross sectional with quantitative methods using IFLS-5 secondary data with a total sample of 16,973 respondents. The Chi Square test was used to see the relationship between age, gender, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and sleep quality with the incidence of obesity. Results: The prevalence of obesity in residents aged ≥ 18 years in urban areas based on IFLS-5 data is 36.9%. There is a relationship between age, gender, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable consumption, and sleep quality with the incidence of obesity. Conclusion: There is a relationship between risk factors for the incidence of obesity including age with a OR of 1.405 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 1.312 – 1.504), gender with a OR of 1.961 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 1.839 – 2.090), smoking behavior with a OR of 0.490 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 0.458 – 0.525), fruit and vegetable consumption with OR 0.779 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 0.732 – 0.891), and sleep quality with OR 0.893 (P = 0.015; 95% CI 0.815 – 0.930 ). No significant relationship was found between physical activity and obesity with a value of p = 0.708. The advice given is to make obesity prevention and control programs especially for risk groups, namely women aged over 45 years. Other researchers can add variables that are not in this study such as consumption of sugar, salt, fat, diet, genetics, ethnicity, education, and alcohol consumption."

"Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara yang menghadapi tiga permasalahan gizi sekaligus, yaitu stunting, wasting, dan overweight. Obesitas sentral atau yang disebut obesitas tipe apel merupakan disebabkan oleh penumpukkan lemak dalam tubuh dalam jumlah berlebih di bagian perut. Obesitas sentral diamati sebagai jenis obesitas yang merugikan dengan implikasi serius dan pemicu penyakit degeneratif. Provinsi Sulawesi Utara merupakan daerah dengan prevalensi obesitas sentral tertinggi berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018 yaitu sebesar 42,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas sentral pada penduduk usia ≥45 Tahun di Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2019 dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis bivariat didapatkan pada laki-laki konsumsi alkohol (p-value = 0,015) memiliki hubungan secara statistik dengan kejadian obesitas sentral. Sedangkan pada perempuan aktivitas fisik (p-value = 0,045), konsumsi minuman manis (p-value = 0,036), konsumsi makanan berlemak (p-value = 0,023), dan konsumsi bumbu penyedap (p-value = 0,020) memiliki hubungan secara statistik dengan kejadian obesitas sentral. Peneliti menyarankan untuk dinas kesehatan dapat bekerja sama dengan berbagai pihak seperti organisasi masyarakat dan institusi keagamaan dalam memberikan edukasi terkait bahaya obesitas sentrak, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, dampak yang disebabkan dan bagaimana cara mengatasinya.

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Indonesia is one of the countries that faces three nutritional problems at once, namely stunting, wasting and overweight. Central obesity or what is called apple-type obesity is caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body in the abdomen. Central obesity is observed as a detrimental type of obesity with serious implications and triggers degenerative diseases. North Sulawesi Province is the area with the highest prevalence of central obesity based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, namely 42.5%. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of central obesity in people aged ≥45 years in Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. This study uses secondary data from the 2019 Riskesdas with a cross-sectional research design. The results of the study using bivariate analysis found that male alcohol consumption (p-value = 0.015) had a statistical relationship with the incidence of central obesity. Whereas in women physical activity (p-value = 0.045), consumption of sweet drinks (p-value = 0.036), consumption of fatty foods (p-value = 0.023), and consumption of seasonings (p-value = 0.020) have a statistical relationship with central obesity. Researchers suggest that the health office can work together with various parties such as community organizations and religious institutions in providing education regarding the dangers of central obesity, the factors that influence it, the impact it causes and how to overcome it."