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"Hospitalisasi dengan berbagai ketidaknyamanan bagi anak akan berdampak bagi tumbuh kembang berikutnya. Kolcaba dengan teori kenyamanan yang holistik dan bersifat individual bertujuan untuk mengatasi ketidaknyamanan anak. Hal ini sesuai dengan filosofi keperawatan anak yaitu atraumatic care. Salah satu bentuk ketidaknyamanan yang dialami anak adalah nyeri. Pelaksanaan asuhan tanpa trauma dalam mengatasi nyeri pada anak melalui pendekatan teori kenyamanan Kolcaba yaitu melalui penerapan EBNP menggunakan Buzzy Pain Relief. Hasil pemberian asuhan keperawatan menggunakan model teori kenyamanan Kolcaba ini dapat diaplikasikan pada anak dengan masalah nyeri.

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Hospitalization with various discomforts for children for example needle insertion procedure impacts the growth and development. Kolcaba with holistic and individual comfort theory is expected to overcome the discomfort of the child. This is according to pediatric nursing philosophy of atraumatic care. One of the discomforts that children experience is pain. Implementation of atraumatic care to reduce discomfort like pain through the approach theory of comfort Kolcaba is to use Buzzy Pain Relief. The results of nursing care using this model Kolcaba comfort theory can be applied to children with pain problems. "

"Nyeri merupakan salah satu gejala yang paling sering dialami oleh pasien anak di ruang perawatan intensif yang dilakukan prosedur tindakan pengambilan darah. Perawat perlu memberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan menitikberatkan pada kenyamanan anak selama prosedur tindakan pengambilan darah di rumah sakit karena kenyamanan adalah hal penting dalam kualitas hidup pasien anak. Tujuan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dalam proses asuhan keperawatan pada anak di ruang perawatan intensif yang mengalami nyeri saat pengambilan darah melalui pemberian intervensi terapi musik. Metode karya ilmiah ini adalah studi kasus pada lima pasien anak yang dirawat di ruang perawatan intensif yang mendapatkan prosedur tindakan pengambilan darah. Terdapat lima kasus pasien anak yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dengan intervensi kenyamanan yang berbasis bukti yaitu intervensi terapi musik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dapat diterapkan dalam asuhan keperawatan anak dan terapi musik  efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri  pada anak yang dilakukan tindakan pengambilan darah.

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Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by pediatric patients in intensive care unit who are undergoing blood collection procedures. Nurses need to provide nursing care with an emphasis on children's comfort during blood collection procedures in hospitals because comfort is important in the quality of life of pediatric patients. The aim of this scientific work is to analyze the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory in the care process for children in intensive care who experience pain when taking blood through providing music therapy interventions. The method of this scientific work is a case study of five pediatric patients treated in intensive care who received a blood collection procedure. There were five cases of pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation who were given treatment using Kolcaba's Comfort Theory approach with evidence-based comfort interventions, namely music therapy interventions. The results show that Kolcaba's Comfort Theory can be applied in childcare and music therapy is effective in reducing pain in children who undergo blood sampling."

"Ventilasi mekanik berfungsi untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan, namun ventilasi mekanik merupakan tindakan invasif yang menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan berupa kecemasan, agitasi, dan rasa nyeri. Nyeri berdampak negatif pada tumbuh kembang anak. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan nyeri akut pada anak dengan ventilasi mekanik melalui identifikasi nyeri dan tingkat sedasi dengan instrumen Comfort Behaviour Scale dengan pendekatan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Terdapat lima kasus anak yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik yang mengalami nyeri dan diberikan asuhan keperawatan melalui pendekatan teori kenyamanan Kolcaba. Aplikasi teori kenyamanan Kolcaba terbukti efektif memberikan kenyamanan anak dengan ventilasi mekanik yang mengalami nyeri meliputi konteks kenyamanan fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural, dan lingkungan. Instrumen Comfort Behaviour Scale terbukti valid dan reliabel dalam mengukur tingkat sedasi serta dapat digunakan untuk tingkat nyeri anak dengan ventilasi mekanik. Instrumen ini dapat digunakan perawat dalam pengkajian nyeri dan tingkat sedasi anak yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik sehingga memudahkan dalam manajemen nyeri dan sedasi.

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Mechanical ventilation serves as live saving, but mechanical ventilation is an invasive procedure that causes discomfort in the form of anxiety, agitation, and pain. Pain has a negative impact on child development. The purpose is to provide an overview of acute pain nursing care for children with mechanical ventilation through identification of pain and sedation levels with a Comfort Behavior Scale instrument based on Kolcaba Comfort Theory approach. There were five cases of children with mechanical ventilation who experienced pain and were given nursing care through the Kolcaba comfort theory approach.

The application of the Kolcaba comfort theory has proven to be effective in providing comfort for children with mechanical ventilation who experience pain including the context of physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort. The Comfort Behavior Scale instrument proved to be valid and reliable in measuring the level of sedation and can be used for measuring pain in children with mechanical ventilation. This instrument can be used by nurses in the assessment of pain and the level of sedation of children who have mechanical ventilation that makes it easier for pain and sedation management."

"Nyeri saat pemasangan intravena kateter masih menjadi salah satu aspek yang paling membuat stres selama rawat inap pada anak. Penggunaan terapi non farmakologis membantu untuk mengurangi nyeri saat pemasangan intravena kateter pada anak sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat nyeri pada anak, meningkatkan pelayanan diruang rawat inap. Teori kenyamanan Kolcaba membantu perawat untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan secara holistik melalui pengkajian fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan dengan mengevaluasi menggunakan tiga taksonomi yaitu relief, ease dan transcendence. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah akhir spesialis ini adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai aplikasi teori kenyamanan Kolcaba dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan nyeri dan kenyamanan pada anak dirawat di ruang infeksi. Berdasarkan hasil pengkajian pada lima anak dengan gangguan nyeri saat pemasangan intravena kateter didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat penurunan skoring nyeri pada anak. Penerapan quality improvement project dengan pemberian ice gel untuk menurunkan nyeri pada saat pemasngan intravena kateter terbukti efektif yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan tingkat nyeri pada anak setelah pemberian ice gel pada saat pemasangan intravena kateter (venapunture) dengan p value < 0.005 (p= 0.001). Kesimpulan aplikasi teori kenyamanan Kolcaba dapat diterapkan pada anak dengan gangguan nyeri dan kenyamanan di ruang rawat infeksi.

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Pain during intravenous catheter insertion is still one of the most stressful aspects of hospitalization in children. The use of non-pharmacological therapy helps to reduce pain when installing an intravenous catheter in children so that it can reduce the level of pain in children, improve services in inpatient rooms. Kolcaba's comfort theory helps nurses to provide holistic nursing care through physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental assessments by evaluating using three taxonomies, namely relief, ease and transcendence. The aim of writing this final specialist scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in meeting the pain and comfort needs of children treated in the infection room. Based on the results of a study on five children with pain disorders during intravenous catheter, it was found that there was a decrease in pain scoring in children. The implementation of the quality improvement project by administering ice gel to reduce pain during intravenous catheter has proven to be effective, showing that there is a reduction in the level of pain in children after giving ice gel when installing an intravenous catheter (venapuncture) with a p value < 0.005 (p= 0.001). Conclusion: The application of Kolcaba's comfort theory can be applied to children with pain and comfort disorders in the infection ward."

"ABSTRAK Nyeri merupakan salah satu gejala yang paling mengganggu bagi pasien anak maupun dewasa yang mengidap kanker. Nyeri yang berkepanjangan dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas hidup anak dengan kanker. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai pemenuhan kebutuhan kenyamanan untuk menurunkan nyeri kronis pada anak kanker melalui inhalasi aromaterapi dengan pendekatan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Terdapat lima kasus keganasan pada anak dengan usia 7 ndash; 15 tahun yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Aplikasi Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dapat membantu dalam menerapkan asuhan keperawatan yang komprehensif pada anak kanker dan membantu dalam memahami bahwa pemenuhan kebutuhan kenyamanan anak dengan kanker diharapkan dapat memperhatikan aspek fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural, dan lingkungan. Intervensi inhalasi aromaterapi terbukti efektif dalam membantu pasien anak kanker dalam mengontrol nyeri kronis yang dirasakan dibandingkan dengan perawatan rutin. Perawat diharapkan dapat menerapkan intervensi inhalasi aromaterapi untuk mengoptimalkan kerja obat analgetik dalam menurunkan nyeri pada anak dengan kanker.ABSTRACT Pain is one of the most disturbing symptoms for pediatric and adult patients with cancer. Prolonged pain can lead to decreased quality of life of children with cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the fulfillment of comfort needs to reduce chronic pain in children with cancer through aromatherapy inhalation with Kolcaba Comfort Theory approach. There are five cases of malignancy in children aged 7 - 15 years who are given nursing care using Kolcaba Comfort Theory. Applications of Kolcaba Comfort Theory helps in applying comprehensive nursing care to children with cancer and helps in understanding that to complete the comfort needs of children with cancer, we need to pay attention to physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental aspects. Interventions of aromatherapy inhalation have been shown to be effective in helping pediatric cancer patients in controlling perceived chronic pain compared with standard care. Nurses are expected to apply inhaled aromatherapy interventions to optimize the work of analgesic drugs in reducing pain in children with cancer."

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Luka tekan adalah kerusakan terlokalisir pada bagian kulit atau jaringan dibawahnya sebagai akibat dari tekanan dan gesekan yang terus menerus sehingga terjadi iskemia, nekrosis, yang dapat meluas secara radial hingga lapisan jaringan yang lebih dalam. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai pemenuhan kebutuhan pada anak yang mengalami kerusakan integritas kulit melalui penerapan reposisi dengan pendekatan Teori Kenyaman Kolcaba. Terdapat lima kasus anak yang dirawat di ruang infeksi yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekatan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Aplikasi Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dapat menjamin kenyamanan pada anak yang mengalami kerusakan integritas kulit melalui empat konteks kenyamanan yaitu kenyamanan fisik, psikospiritual, lingkungan, dan sosiokultural. Penerapan reposisi setiap 2 jam terbukti efektif terhadap peningkatan skor Braden Q dan mencegah terjadinya luka tekan pada anak. Perawat diharapkan mampu melakukan deteksi dini terhadap kerusakan integritas kulit menggunakan Skala Braden Q dan menerapkan reposisi setiap 2 jam pada anak dengan tetap memperhatikan kenyamanan anak untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada anak yang mengalami kerusakan integritas kulit.

 

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A pressure injury is localized damage to the skin or tissue beneath as a result of continuous pressure and friction wgich lead to ischemia and necrosis. This injury may extend radially to a deeper layer of the tissue. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of needs fulfillment of the children who have damaged skin integrity through the application of repositioning and integrate the Kolcaba Theory of Comfort. There were five cases of children treated in the infectious room who were given nursing care with the Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory. The Application of Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory can ensure comfort in a child who has damaged skin integrity according to four comfort contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural comfort. The application of repositioning every two hours proved effective against increase Braden Q scores and preventing the occurrence of pressure injury in children. Nurses are expected to be able to detect early damage of the skin integrity using the Braden Q Scale and apply the reposition every two hours as well as paying attention to the child's comfort to improve the quality of life in children who have damaged skin integrity.

 

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"[ABSTRAKNyeri merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada pasien kanker anak. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran penerapan, analisis Comfort Theory Kolcaba pada pasien kanker anak dengan nyeri, dan pencapaian kompetensi ners spesialis keperawatan anak. Penerapan teori dilakukan pada lima pasien, menggunakan pendekatan proses keperawatan. Pengkajian dan penetapan masalah keperawatan menggunakan struktur taksonomi Kolcaba. Intervensi dan implementasi menggunakan intervensi kenyamanan standar, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul. Evaluasi menggunakan comfort behavior scale menunjukkan hasil diakhir perawatan, nyeri berkurang, terkontrol, dan kenyamanan bertambah. Kompetensi tercapai sesuai target. Comfort Theory bisa menjadi pilihan dalam merawat pasien kanker anak dengan nyeri.

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ABSTRACTPain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer.;Pain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer., Pain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer.]"

"Karya ilmiah ini menjelaskan tentang aplikasi Comfort Theory (Kolkaba) pada anak dalam pemenuhan rasa nyaman nyeri di ruang non infeksi. Penerapan Comfort Theory Kolkaba ini dilaksanakan pada 5 kasus kelolaan yang berbeda untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rasa nyaman nyeri yang berfokus pada faktor fisik, psikospiritual, lingkungan dan sosial. Pemenuhan rasa nyaman nyeri sangat penting bagi anak yang di rawat dengan kanker. Tindakan keperawatan untuk memenuhi rasa nyaman tersebut di laksanakan secara mandiri, kolaborasi dan pendidikan kesehatan, sehingga diharapkan klien mencapai rasa nyaman relief, ease, dan transcendence. Ners spesialis keperawatan anak menerapkan tindakantindakan keperawatan pada klien, diperlukan dukungan dan kerjasama yang baik antara tim kesehatan, anak dan orang tua, sehingga pemberian asuhan keperawatan menjadi optimal.

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This final assignment explains about the application of Kolkaba’s Comfort Theory in children with in the fulfillment of a sense of comfort in the pain of noninfectious pediatric ward. Application of Comfort Theory Kolkaba was held on 5 different cases managed to meet the comfort needs of pain that focus on physical factors, psikospiritual, environmental and social. Fulfillment of a sense of comfort is very important for the pain in hospitalized children with cancer. Nursing actions to meet the comfort is carried on independently, collaboration and health education, so expect the client to achieve a sense of comfort relief, ease, and transcendence. Specialist nurses apply the nursing child nursing actions on the client, required the support and good cooperation between the health teams, children and parents, thus providing nursing care to be optimal."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit akut pada anak dapat menyebabkan perubahan yang terjadi secara cepat, dapat mengancam anak dan keluarga secara tiba-tiba, dan mengganggu pola normal kehidupan sehari-hari. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan mengenai optimalisasi monitoring pasien anak pada kondisi akut melalui penerapan PEWS dengan pendekatan teori kenyamanan Kolcaba. Pemberian asuhan keperawatan dengan mengaplikasikan struktur taksonomi Kolcaba dapat diterapkan pada anak dengan kondisi akut selama hospitalisasi. Beberapa masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan seperti ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan napas dapat mengganggu kenyamanan fisik anak. PEWS digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk monitoring kondisi fisik anak dan mendeteksi terjadinya perburukan pada anak.

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ABSTRACTAcute illness in children can causes changes that occur rapidly, can threaten the child and family abruptly, and disrupt the normal patterns of the daily life. This final scientific work aimed to described the optimization of monitoring of pediatric patients on acute conditions through the application of PEWS with approach theory of comfort Kolcaba. Nursing care by applying Kolcaba taxonomi structure can be applied to children with acute condition during hospitalization. Some of nursing problems was found such as the ineffectiveness of airway clearance can interfered to physical comfort of child. PEWS used as an instrument for monitoring the physical condition of the child and to detect the occurence of exacerbation in the children. "

"Praktek Spesialis Keperawatan Anak peminatan bedah anak ini bertujuan untuk melakukan praktek dengan mengaplikasikan model Teori Comfort Katherina Kolcaba. Peran sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan diterapkan pada 5 orang anak yang telah menjalani operasi yang mengalami rasa nyeri, dan satu orang pasien kelolaan utama yaitu pasien post operasi penutupan colostomi. Peran sebagai peneliti dalam melakukan penerapan tindakan keperawatan yang berbasis pembuktian ilmiah (evidence based nursing practise) yaitu dengan membuktikan terapi musik sebagai salah satu tehnik penanganan nyeri pada anak post operasi dan tindakan invasif. Peran sebagai inovator melalui penyusunan program pemberian terapi musik pada anak yang mengalami nyeri yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan kenyamanan pasien anak dan meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan. Hasil praktek ini menunjukan bahwa teori Comfort Katherina Kolcaba digunakan pada pasien yang mengalami rasa nyeri post operasi dan tindakan invasif, dan terapi musik efektif untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri yang dialami anak pada waktu tindakan, terutama nyeri ringan.

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Specialist Nursing Practice Children's specialization in pediatric surgery practice with the aim to apply the theory of Comfort models Katherina Kolcaba. Role as provider of nursing care applied to the 5 children who have undergone surgery are experiencing pain, and one patient that the patient's primary management of postoperative closure colostomi. Role as a researcher in performing nursing actions based on the application of scientific evidence (evidence based nursing practice model) to prove that music therapy as a pain management technique in children and postoperative invasive action.

Role as an innovator through the preparation of a program of music therapy on children who experience pain which aims to reduce pain and increase patient comfort and improve the child's quality of nursing care. This practice results show that the theory Comfort Katherina Kolcaba used in patients experiencing postoperative pain and invasive, and effective music therapy to reduce the pain experienced by the child at the time of the action, especially mild pain."