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"Implementasi Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Swasta (KPS) hingga saat ini masih belum optimal dalam menarik minat swasta untuk berinvestasi pada pembangunan proyek-proyek infrastruktur sektor power yang ditawarkan. Evaluasi permasalahan kurang lakunya proyek KPS yang ditawarkan menunjukkan kinerja KPS yang belum optimal, penyebab salah satunya adalah kurangnya manajemen risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi risiko yang mempengaruhi KPS pada proyek infrastruktur power untuk peningkatan kinerja investasi di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survey dan diolah dengan analisa statistik dan Monte Carlo. Hasilnya adalah pembebasan lahan, birokrasi yang berbelit-belit, terlambatnya penyelesaian konstruksi, intervensi pemerintah adalah beberapa risiko dominan yang mempengaruhi KPS infrastruktur power.

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Implementation of Public Private Partnership (PPP) is still not optimum to attract private sector in investing power infrastructure projects. Lack of popularity in demand of PPP?s projects shows that the performance of the PPP is not optimum due to lack of risk management. This study aims to identify potential risks that may reduce the performance of PPP in power infrastructure projects in Indonesia. Data was collected by survey method and processed with statistical analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation. The research results show that land acquisition, convoluted bureaucracy, delays in completion of construction, government intervention are the dominant risks that affects the power infrastructure PPPs."

"Tingkat utang publik daerah di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2011 sampai dengan 2019 mengalami tren pertumbuhan yang tinggi dan relatif berkesinambungan. Meskipun secara rasio tingkat utang publik daerah terhadap PDRB (Produk Domestik Regional Bruto) relatif kecil, tetapi tren peningkatan yang tinggi dapat mengancam kesinambungan fiskal pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris terkait hubungan utang publik daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data panel dari tahun 2011 sampai 2019 dengan pendekatan model efek tetap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan yang robust kemungkinan sulit didapatkan dikarenakan perbedaan hasil pada kedua model yang digunakan. Hasil estimasi pada model 1 menunjukkan adanya hubungan nonlinear yang signifikan. Hasil tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa utang publik daerah berhubungan positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah, dan pada tingkat utang publik daerah yang relatif tinggi dan melewati debt turning point hubungan tersebut berubah menjadi negatif. Sementara itu, hasil estimasi pada model 2 tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan nonlinear yang signifikan sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa perubahan utang publik daerah tidak memiliki hubungan dengan perubahan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Perbedaan hasil tersebut kemungkinan terjadi karena pilihan pemodelan dan cakupan data.

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Regional public debt in Indonesia during the period 2011 to 2019 has a high growth trend and relatively sustainable. Although the ratio of the level of regional public debt to GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) is relatively small, the high trend of growth can threaten the fiscal sustainability of local governments. This study aims to provide empirical evidence related to the relationship of regional public debt to regional economic growth in Indonesia. This study uses panel data analysis from 2011 to 2019 with a fixed effects model. The results showed that a robust relationship was difficult to conclude due to different results in the two models used. The estimation results in model 1 show a significant nonlinear relationship. These results mean that the increase in local public debt at levels below the debt turning point will be positively related, and at relatively high debt levels by passing the debt turning point will be negatively related to regional economic growth. The estimation results in model 2 show insignificant nonlinear relationship, it means that changes in regional public debt have no relationship with changes in regional economic growth. The difference in the results likely due to the choice of modeling and data coverage."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara adopsi internet dengan kinerja ekonomi di 33 provinsi di Indonesia.Untuk keperluan tesisini di bangun panel data dari 33 provinsi di seluruh Indonesia selama periodetahun 2005 sampaitahun 20011 untuk mengukurpertumbuhanekonomisebagaisuatufungsidariadopsi internet, ketimpangan penghasilan, penghasilanawal, sumber daya manusia dan investasi. Estimasi terhadap panel data menjelaskan bahwatidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan adopsi internet di natara 33 provinsi di Indonsia. Ditemukan juga bahwa distribusi penghasilan tidaksignifikandalam menentukan pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah-daerah di indonesia. Lebih lanjut, variabel-variabel lain yang digunakan menunjukkan efek yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhanekonomi seperti yang diharapakan.

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This paper seeks to examine the relationship of the internet adoption and economic performance in 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data panel of 33 provinces in Indonesia during period 2005-2011 has been constructed to measure the economic growth as a function of internet adoption, income inequality, initial income, human capital and investment. The panel estimation explains that there is no significant relationship between growth and internet adoption among 33 provinces in Indonesia. It also finds that income distribution is not significant in determining the economic growth in Indonesia regions. Furthermore, other variables show significant effect on growth as expected."

"[ABSTRAKKarya tulis ini berfokus pada isu pemekaran wilayah (khususnya kota dankabupaten) di Indonesia. Teori-teori menyarankan bahwa pemekaran,dikombinasikan dengan desentralisasi dapat membawa manfaat bagi masyarakat.Para pendukung pemekaran menekankan keunggulan pemerintahan yang kecildengan masyarakat yang lebih homogen dapat lebih efektif dalam memberikanpelayanan public. Hal ini didukung dengan adanya transfer fiskal dari pemerintahpusat yang menjamin kelangsungan operasi pemerintah daerah. Tapi, banyakpenelitian menyimpulkan pelayanan public di daerah otonomi baru belum sesuaidengan apa yang diharapkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kinerja daerah otonom baru dalammemberikan pelayanan public dan meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi denganmenggunakan metode difference in difference. Kami menemukan bahwa, kotabaru berhasil mengoptimalkan otonomi yang lebih luas untuk menjaga ataubahkan melampaui prestasi pelayan public dari kota yang tidak mengalamipemekaran. Sebaliknya, kabupaten baru mengalami kesulitan untuk memperbaikikondisi mereka setelah pemekaran. Kami menekankan pentingnya perbaikanprosedur evaluasi terhadap pengusulan pembentukan daerah otonomi baru untukmenghasilkan daerah otonomi baru yang lebih berkualitas.

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ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the separation of municipalities (cities and districts)in Indonesia. Theories suggest that separations, combined with decentralization,bring about benefits to the people. Proponents of separations in the real world alsoemphasize various promises of separations and the creation of new localgovernments. The presence of generous fiscal transfers from the centralgovernment is also likely to allow the newly created municipalities to provide ahigher level of public services. But anecdotes suggest that public services havenot improved in many of the new regions.This research aimed to assess new autonomous region performance indelivering public service and improving economic performance by usingDifference in Difference method. We found that, in following years afterseparation, new cities was managed to optimize the effect of separation to keep upor even surpass unseparated region?s public service achievement. In contrast, newrural districts suffer difficulties to improve their condition following theseparation. We stressed the improvement of screening procedure in order to createmore qualified and self-reliant new autonomous regions in the future.;This paper focuses on the separation of municipalities (cities and districts)in Indonesia. Theories suggest that separations, combined with decentralization,bring about benefits to the people. Proponents of separations in the real world alsoemphasize various promises of separations and the creation of new localgovernments. The presence of generous fiscal transfers from the centralgovernment is also likely to allow the newly created municipalities to provide ahigher level of public services. But anecdotes suggest that public services havenot improved in many of the new regions.This research aimed to assess new autonomous region performance indelivering public service and improving economic performance by usingDifference in Difference method. We found that, in following years afterseparation, new cities was managed to optimize the effect of separation to keep upor even surpass unseparated region?s public service achievement. In contrast, newrural districts suffer difficulties to improve their condition following theseparation. We stressed the improvement of screening procedure in order to createmore qualified and self-reliant new autonomous regions in the future., This paper focuses on the separation of municipalities (cities and districts)in Indonesia. Theories suggest that separations, combined with decentralization,bring about benefits to the people. Proponents of separations in the real world alsoemphasize various promises of separations and the creation of new localgovernments. The presence of generous fiscal transfers from the centralgovernment is also likely to allow the newly created municipalities to provide ahigher level of public services. But anecdotes suggest that public services havenot improved in many of the new regions.This research aimed to assess new autonomous region performance indelivering public service and improving economic performance by usingDifference in Difference method. We found that, in following years afterseparation, new cities was managed to optimize the effect of separation to keep upor even surpass unseparated region’s public service achievement. In contrast, newrural districts suffer difficulties to improve their condition following theseparation. We stressed the improvement of screening procedure in order to createmore qualified and self-reliant new autonomous regions in the future.]"

"Indonesia memberlakukan desentralisasi sejak tahun 2000, penelitian yang dilakukan memberikan bukti baru bahwa desentralisasi fiskal berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dengan menggunakan data 33 provinsi antara tahun 2005 hingga 2012 serta melihat pengelolaan dana pemerintah daerah dari sisi penerimaan dan pengeluaran maka akan memberikan gambaran yang lebih objektif pada pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah pada masa desentralisasi fiskal. Hasil estimasi dengan menggunakan fixed effect menunjukkan bahwa belanja pemerintah daerah, pendidikan dan investasi dalam negeri yang berdasar atas kualitas sumber daya manusia serta rasio PAD terhadap penerimaan total akan meningkatkan rata-rata pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah. Dalam kesimpulannya desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia telah berdampak pada pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah dari sisi belanja dan kemandirian daerah dalam mengalokasikan pendapatannya.

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Decentralization is implemented in Indonesia since 2000, this research provided new evidence that fiscal decentralization contributes to economic growth. Our province level data for the Indonesia during 2005 to 2012 enable us to estimate the efect of fiscal decentralization more objectively than previously, because the data set from historical and intitutional variation. The results using the fixed effect estimation shows that local government spending , education and domestic investment is based on the quality of human resources as well as the ratio of revenue to total revenue will increase average economic growth in the region . In the conclusion of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia has an impact on economic growth in the region in terms of shopping and local autonomy in allocating revenue."

"Pada awal 1970-an, Indonesia adalah negara dengan sumber daya alam yang melimpah seperti minyak bumi yang merupakan penggerak utama perekonomian. Penurunan harga minyak dunia pada pertengahan 1980-an menandai berakhirnya masa minyak di Indonesia. Meskipun saat ini pendapatan minyak tidak lagi menjadi penggerak utama perekonomian, pemerintah optimis untuk memulihkan kembali sektor minyak. Di sisi lain, belanja pemerintah memainkan peran penting dalam memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi secara umum. Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan minyak dan belanja pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan uji ko-integrasi serta vector error correction model (VECM) untuk periode 1968-2017. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan minyak memiliki efek positif pada produk domestik bruto (PDB) karena pemerintah berhasil mengelola pendapatan minyak untuk pembangunan perekonomian. Pengeluaran pemerintah secara negatif mempengaruhi PDB karena alokasi anggaran yang besar untuk subsidi dan pembayaran bunga.

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In the early 1970s, Indonesia was a country with an abundance of natural resources such as oil which was the main engine of the economy. The mid 1980s decline of world oil price signaled the end of the oil period in Indonesia. Although oil revenues are not the main drivers in the economy, the government is optimistic about recovering the oil sector. On the other hand, public expenditure plays an important role in piloting significant effects on the general growth of the economy. This study analyzes the effects of oil revenue and government expenditure on the economic growth in Indonesia by using the co-integration test as well as the vector error correction model (VECM) for the period 1968-2017. The result shows that oil revenue has a positive effect on gross domestic product (GDP) because the government succeeded in managing oil revenues for spending it on the development of the economy. Government expenditure negatively affects GDP due to substantial budget allocations for subsidies and interest payments."

"[Pengaruh positif infrstruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi telah menjadi konsensus di antara para ekonom. Akan tetapi beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Walaupun investasi publik untuk infrastruktur relatif kecil tetapi Indonesia berhasil menjaga pertumbuhan ekonominya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data level provinsi di Indionesia, studi ini berusaha mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur secara agregat dan individual terhadap perkeonomian daerah. Perhitungan regresi menggunakan efek tetap menunjukkan bahwa secara agregat infrastruktur berkontibusi secara positif kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, studi ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa secara individual setiap tipe infrastruktur berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah kecuali untuk tipe infrastruktur air bersih. Dengan demikian, pembangunan infrastruktur akan lebih baik jika dilakukan secara komprehensif dan integral.;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensus among the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain its economic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure to economic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, this study estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individual infrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, we find that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individual effect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access. Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented, The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented]"