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"ABSTRAKTugas Karya Akhir ini akan melihat respon IMF terhadap kritik jender atas skema SAPs melalui proses endorsement agenda Gender and Macroeconomics tahun 2011-2016. Dalam sejarah, IMF dikenal sebagai lembaga yang memberikan pinjaman sekaligus memberikan Program Penyesuaian Struktural yang dianggap merugikan bagi negara peminjam. Hal ini berkaitan dengan terbukanya pasar bebas, sedikitnya peran pemerintah, penghematan, dan menguntungkan perusahaan-perusahaan besar. Setelah muncul krisis keuangan, SAPs dinilai tidak relevan dengan kondisi perekonomian sekarang ini. Tidak hanya itu, SAPs juga merugikan hak perempuan, khususnya di negara miskin dan berkembang. Melalui studi literatur dan analisis menggunakan teori jender dan neoliberalisme, penulis akan menjelaskan proses endorsement rencana pelaksanaan agenda Gender and Macroeconomics sebagai respon atas kritik jender terhadap skema SAPs.

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ABSTRACTThis Final Project will see the IMF 39;s response to gender criticism of the SAPs scheme through the endorsement process of the Gender and Macroeconomics agenda of 2011-2016. In history, the IMF has been recognized as an institution that provides loans while providing a Structural Adjustment Program that is considered detrimental to the borrowing country. This is related to the opening of the free market, at least the role of government, austerity, and profitable big companies. After the financial crisis, SAPs are considered irrelevant to the current economic condition. Not only that, SAPs are also detrimental to women 39;s rights, especially in poor and developing countries. Through literature studies and analysis using gender theory and neoliberalism, the authors will describe the process of endorsement of the implementation plan of the Gender and Macroeconomics agenda in response to gender criticism of the SAPs scheme. "

"After the severe fall of oil price in 1986, Indonesia has consistently maintained structural adjustment policy which has successfully shift it dependence from the oil sector to the non-oil sector. This alteration was absolutely necessary due to the fact that Indonesian economic performance could never rely anymore on oil revenue, which also meant reducing the goverment role in driving the economic growth. In order to achive that goal, several macroeconomic policies such as deregulations have been conducted to give private sector more space and a bigger role in the economy. The bigger role for the private sector, the more market mechanism will take place in controlling the equilbrium process. Yet another problem raised, particularly in the regional point of view, that private sector always seek profit opportunity in areas which have large marginal revenue of product. This condition is significantly taking place in Indonesia with the Western part of Indonesia playing as an ace for private investors. This regional imbalance between the Western and Eastern part of Indonesia has not also been creating resources accumulation in the Western part but also dragging resources out from the Eastern part. This condition will eventually restrain overall economic maximization since the Eastern part: production and consumption possibility are non-optimized. This study will analyze the impact of the incerase in development expenditure ,especially infrastructure, on Eastern part's economic dynamic : growth, private investment and strucutral transformation, using a regional macroeconometric model. Other objective is to compare those dynamics under several development scenarios : growth centre scenario and underdevelopment areas scenario. Regional economic consideration has been taken place since we finally realized the fact that national oriented macroeconomic policy often fails to create the desired performance. The nobility of top down approach is faced with the prevailing facts that different regional characteristics, which used to be taken for granted, caused each region acts differently or even oppositely from what is expected to be. According to this issue, this study also addresses its analysis in comparing results from top down to bottom up policy excercise in developing Eastern part of Indonesia's economy."

"Dornbusch, Fischer, and Startz has been a long-standing, leading intermediate macroeconomic theory text since its introduction in 1978. This revision retains most of the text's traditional features, including a middle-of-the-road approach and very current research, while updating and simplifying the exposition. A balanced approach explains both the potential and limitations of economic policy. Macroeconomics employs a model-based approach to macroeconomic analysis and demonstrates how various models are connected with the goal of giving students the capacity to analyze current economic issues in the context of an economic frame of reference. The only pre-requisite continues to be principles of economics."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh globalisasi ekonomi terhadap efisiensi bank umum yang beroperasi di Indonesia pada periode waktu 2008-2012. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran efisiensi menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis DEA dengan menggunakan pendekatan intermediasi. Regresi yang dilakukan terhadap model penelitian digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang terjadi antara efisiensi bank dengan faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini menemukan sektor perbankan di Indonesia dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh globalisasi ekonomi selama tahun 2008-2012. Faktor makroekonomi, rasio konsentrasi bank, dan faktor internal bank juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap efisiensi bank umum di Indonesia.

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The objective of this paper to analize the impact of economic globalization in efficiency of bank in Indonesia in five years range, periode of 2008 ndash 2012. By using Data Envelopment Analysis DEA with intermediation approach to measure bank efficiency. Regression result comes with a conclusion that economic globalization significantly effect efficiency of bank in Indonesia period of 2008 2012. Macoreconomic, bank concentration ratio, and bank spesific factor also has effect of bank efficiency. "

"Perbankan syariah dan variabel makroekonomi memegang peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun, Penelitian terkait kontribusi antara perkembangan perbankan syariah dan variabel makroekonomi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi belum memberikan hasil yang konsisten dalam literatur. Selain itu, penelitian yang memfokuskan pada negara-negara dengan peringkat lima besar dalam SGIE Report (Malaysia, Arab Saudi, Indonesia, UAE dan Bahrain) masih terbatas. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontribusi dari perbankan syariah dan variabel makroekonomi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara-negara dengan peringkat lima besar SGIE Report2023. Metode Penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan model VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) untuk menguji hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara perbankan syariah dan variabel makroekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total deposito syariah perbankan syariah berkontribusi positif terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), sementara inflasi memberikan kontribusi negatif terhadap PDB di kelima negara tersebut. Temuan dari hasil VECM menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang perbankan syariah dan variabel makroekonomi berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hasil dari Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting untuk pengembangan kebijakan ekonomi yang lebih efektif, serta mendorong pertumbuhan perbankan syariah secara global. Temuan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pemerintah, lembaga keuangan, dan akademisi untuk memahami peran perbankan syariah dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mengembangkan strategi yang lebih baik di sektor keuangan syariah.

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Islamic banking and macroeconomic variables play a crucial role in influencing economic growth. However, research related to the contribution between the development of Islamic banking and macroeconomic variables on economic growth has not yielded consistent results in the literature. Additionally, studies focusing on the top five countries in the SGIE Report (Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, UAE, and Bahrain) are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic banking and macroeconomic variables to economic growth in the top five countries ranked in the SGIE Report 2023. The research method used in this study is quantitative, employing the VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to examine the short-term and long-term relationships between Islamic banking and macroeconomic variables. The results indicate that the total deposits in Islamic banking positively contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while inflation negatively impacts GDP in these five countries. The findings from the VECM show that in both the short and long term, Islamic banking and macroeconomic variables contribute to economic growth. The results of this research provide valuable insights for developing more effective economic policies and promoting the global growth of Islamic banking. These findings can be utilized by governments, financial institutions, and academics to understand the role of Islamic banking in driving economic growth and to develop better strategies in the Islamic financial sector."