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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fakta cerita, struktur kepribadian tokoh utama wanita, dan faktor perubahan kepribadian tokoh utama wanita dalam novel Alisya karya Muhammad Makhdlori. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif yang terdiri dari tiga alur kegiatan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, fakta pertama dalam novel Alisya terdiri atas alur, tokoh penokohan, dan latar. Alur novel ini adalah alur maju. Tokoh dalam novel ini mempunyai peranan sebagai tokoh utama dan tokoh tambahan. Latar dalam novel Alisya berada di Batam, Jakarta dan Singapura. Waktu penceritaan terjadi sebelum Alisya menjadi pelacur; setelah Alisya menjadi pelacur; saat Alisya terkena virus HIV dan saat Alisya menjadi pelacur. Latar sosial dalam novel ini adalah cara pandang masyarakat terhadap penderita HIV. Kedua, dorongan id pada diri Alisya ditandai ketika ia ingin terlepas dari kemiskinan; ingin menjadi model terkenal; ingin istirahat; ingin mati; dan ingin makan. Respons ego ditandai ketika Alisya memutuskan menerima tawaran foto telanjang di majalah dan memutuskan untuk tetap menerima ajakan Sandy pergi ke pesta yang diadakan di Singapura. Respons superego ditandai ketika ia mempertimbangkan menerima tawaran foto telanjang atau tidak. Ketiga, dari analisis kepribadian Alisya ditemukan pula faktor perubahan kepribadian Alisya, yaitu faktor fisik, fakor lingkungan, dan faktor diri sendiri."

"Kebutuhan akan hiburan semakin meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu. Salah satu media hiburan adalah film. Melalui film, disajikan berbagai realitas yang ada di masyarakat, salah satunya adalah eksistensi komunitas LGBT. Topik tersebut direpresentasikan dalam film Anne+ (2021) karya Valerie Bisscheroux yang berdurasi 1 jam 35 menit. Film ini menceritakan tentang perjalanan hidup Anne dalam proses penemuan jati dirinya sebagai seorang lesbian di Belanda. Proses tersebut mencakup masalah-masalah yang Anne hadapi seperti masalah asmara, karier, pertemanan, dan pengembangan diri. Serangkaian rintangan dan situasi tersebut mempengaruhi perubahan dalam unsur kepribadian Anne. Masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana dinamika kepribadian tokoh utama dalam film Anne+ (2021) karya Valerie Bisscheroux. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika kepribadian tokoh Anne. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori psikoanalisis dari Sigmund Freud mengenai id, ego, dan superego. Teori psikoanalisis didukung oleh pendapat William McDougall tentang naluri dasar manusia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan unsur kepribadian pada tokoh Anne, yaitu dari id menjadi ego, id ke ego lalu menjadi superego, dan id ke superego lalu menjadi ego. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang perubahan kepribadian tokoh utama dalam film Anne+ (2021).

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The need for entertainment is increasing over time. One of the entertainment media is a movie. Through movies, various realities in society are presented, one of which is the existence of the LGBT community. The topic is represented in the movie Anne+ (2021) by Valerie Bisscheroux, which lasts 1 hour and 35 minutes. The movie tells the story of Anne's life journey in the process of discovering her identity as a lesbian in the Netherlands. The process includes issues that Anne faces, such as romance, career, friendship, and self-development. A series of obstacles and situations affect changes in Anne's personality elements. The problem of this research is how are the personality dynamics of the main character in the movie Anne+ (2021) by Valerie Bisscheroux. The purpose of this research is to describe the personality dynamics of Anne's character. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The theory used in this research is Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory of id, ego, and superego. Psychoanalysis theory is supported by William McDougall's opinion on basic human instincts. The results of this study show that there are changes in the elements of personality in the character Anne, namely from id to ego, id to ego then to superego, and id to superego then to ego. This research provides a deeper understanding of the personality changes of the main character in the movie Anne+ (2021)."

"Kepribadian dan kejiwaan seorang individu dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal, termasuk peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Baik atau buruknya pengaruh tersebut tergantung dari peristiwa yang dialaminya. Dalam hal ini, peristiwa buruk dapat menimbulkan perasaan trauma yang menjadi dasar berkembangnya sebuah fobia. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penelitian ini berfokus kepada kepribadian dan kejiwaan tokoh Abel dalam novel Jakarta Sebelum Pagi terkait dengan fobia yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kepribadian dan kejiwaan tokoh Abel diungkapkan dan bagaimana faktor-faktor yang membangun kepribadian dan kejiwaan tokoh Abel. Kedua hal tersebut dianalisis dengan memperhatikan fobia yang diderita oleh tokoh Abel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan psikologi sastra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepribadian tokoh Abel yang terbuka dan bersahabat, tegar dan mandiri, bertekad dan berpendirian kuat, berani, berhati-hati, dan antisipatif. Sementara itu, kejiwaan tokoh Abel ditunjukkan melalui pengalaman traumatis penyebab timbulnya fobia terhadap sentuhan dan suara, sifat paranoid dan perasaan tidak aman, anggapan bahwa dunia luar adalah ancaman, dan upaya melakukan suatu tindakan untuk ketenangan diri sendiri. Kepribadian dan kejiwaan Abel diungkapkan melalui interaksinya dengan orang-orang di sekitarnya. Sementara itu, faktor yang membangun kondisi tersebut di antaranya adalah kesadaran yang dimiliki oleh Abel atas fobianya sendiri.

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Personality and psychological condition of an individual can be influenced by many things, including events that occur around them. Whether the influence is good or not depends on the event that they experience. In this case, a bad event can create a traumatic feeling that is a basic reason for a phobia. Based on this description, this study focuses on personality dan psychological condition of a character named Abel in the novel Jakarta Sebelum Pagi in relation to his phobia. This study aims to explain how the personality and psychological condition of Abel are exoressed and how the factors that build it. Those two things are analyzed by considering Abel's phobia. This study uses qualitative method and psychology literature approach. The result shows the personality of Abel who is open and friendly, tough and independent, determined, courageous, cautious, and antisipatory. Meanwhile, the psychological condition of Abel is shown through traumatic experience that caused phobia to touch and sound, paranoid and feelings of insecurity, a belief that the outside world is a threat, and some actions that taken for self calm. The personality and psychological condition of Abel are expressed through his interactions with people around him. Meanwhile, one of the factors that contributed to build it is the awareness that Abel has of his own phobia."

"Literatur populer di Jerman mencapai masa keemasannya pada tahun 1990 sejak kemunculan para penulis muda, salah satunya yaitu Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre dengan karyanya Soloalbum. Kehidupan anak muda, pencarian identitas dan presentasi diri menjadi salah satu tema utama dalam karya-karya literatur populer saat itu.Penelitian ini berfokus kepada pencarian identitas diri tokoh ich dalam novel Soloalbum karya Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre, dilihat dari gambaran presentasi dirinya (Selbstdarstellung) yang dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan konsep diri hingga akhirnya penemuan identitas dirinya. Hancurnya hubungan cinta tokoh ich memunculkan berbagai konflik yang membuatnya mempertanyakan bagaimanakah konsep dirinya.Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut, digunakan metode intrinsik novel, seperti tokoh, latar dan konflik yang mengarah kepada gambaran presentasi diri dan konsep diri tokoh ich, dan pendekatan psikologi sosial dimana segala bentuk presentasi diri tokoh ich yang termasuk ke dalam pembentukan konsep diri (Selbstkonzept) diklasifikasikan menurut lima faktor pembentuk konsep diri dan gaya hidup.Dalam novel Soloalbum, berbagai aspek seperti perubahan kondisi tempat tinggalnya, emosi yang stabil, mengetahui tujuan hidupnya terutama dalam hal pekerjaan dan mengetahui hal apa yang sesuai atau tidak dengan dirinya membantu tokoh ich untuk menyadari konsep diri yang sesuai dengan dirinya. Sehingga melalui konsep diri yang sesuai tersebut akan diketahui pula identitas yang dimiliki oleh tokoh ich.

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Popular literature in German met its golden age around the 90?s with the appearance of young writers, one of them being Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre with his novel Soloalbum. The life of young people, the search of identity, and self presentation (Selbstdarstellung) are the main themes in these new popular litteratures.This research is focusing on the theme of the identity search of the character ich in Benjamin Von Stuckrad-Barre?s Soloalbum from the point of view of his self-presentation which can influence his self-concept in order to finally find his own self-identity. His recent breakup leads to several conflicts that makes ich asks himself about his self-concept.In order to analyze this the writer uses the intrinsic method, such as characters, settings, and conflicts which leads to the image of his self-concept and self-presentation, and also social psychology, where every type of self-presentation and self-concept of ich are being classified according to the five factors of the self-concept and lifestyle, to determine ich?s search of self-concept.In Soloalbum, a lot of aspects such as the condition change of his living place, his emotion and anger in taking decisions, and finding out which are the things that he likes or dislikes helps ich in realizing the self-concept suitable for him. Hence from that self-concept it is possible to find finally the desired identity of ich."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang gangguan kepribadian yang dialami tokoh Renardet dalam cerpen La Petite Roque karya Guy de Maupassant. Gangguan kepribadian yang dimaksud adalah gangguan kepribadian ambang, yang ditandai dengan ketidakstabilan hubungan interpersonal, citra diri dan afek serta impulsivitas yang nyata. Dengan pendekatan psikologi sastra dan cerpen La Petite Roque sebagai sumber data, dalam penelitian ini dianalisis perilaku dan perkataan Renardet yang dihubungkan dengan kriteria gangguan kepribadian ambang. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sikap dan perkataan tokoh Renardet menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan enam kriteria gangguan kepribadian ambang. Penemuan ini menunjukkan cerminan ilmu psikologi yang berkembang pada abad XIX dalam karya sastra.

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ABSTRACTThis researh is focused on personality disorder suffered by Renardet in La Petite Roque , a short story by Guy de Maupassant. The personality disorder in this research is borderline personality disorder, which characterized by a persistent pattern of of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, affects, and real impulsivity. Using psychological approach and La Petit Roque as corpus, i analyse Renardet s behavior and words related with Borderline Personality Disorder. The result shows that Renardet s behavior and words matches with 6 criteria of Borderline Personality Disorder. This shows reflections of psychology in nineteenth century and its relations with literary works."

"ABSTRAK Inside Out merupakan sebuah film yang menggambarkan pengaturan sistem pikiran manusia. Film ini menampilkan ilustrasi dari proses perkembangan psikologis yang terjadi pada alam bawah sadar menurut teori Freud mengenai kepribadian. Teori ini ditampilkan melalui sebuah penggambaran alegori melalui ilustrasi mekasime pikiran manusia yang rumit dengan melakukan personifikasi pada karakter-karakter yang mengatur sistem tersebut. Masalah yang difokuskan pada film ini adalah dominasi sebuah emosi, yaitu Joy, dalam mengontrol Riley. Dominasi yang cenderung menekan peran emosi lain dianggap sebagai sebuah mekanisme pertahanan untuk melindungi Riley dari perasaan tidak menyenangkan. Dalam film ini, mekanisme pertahanan dideskripsikan tidak hanya sebagai respon normal manusia yang muncul saat menghadapi bahaya dan ketakutan, tetapi juga sebagai sebuah sistem yang dapat memengaruhi pengembangan kepribadian seseorang dan kehidupan emosinya. Dengan menggunakan analisis tekstual, penelitian ini mengungkap peran dari mekanisme pertahanan dalam proses penngembangan kepribadian berdasarkan teori Freud. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pertahanan dapat memengaruhi proses identifikasi dalam proses pengembangan kepribadian seseorang.ABSTRACT Inside Out has become a significant movie which depicts how human mind system is regulated. This movie delivers the illustrations of psychological development processes that happen in the subconscious mind according to Freud?s theory of personality. This theory is reflected in this movie through an allegorical depiction by illustrating the mechanism of human mind as a sophisticated system with various personified characters that handle the tasks. The problem that is highlighted in this movie is that one of the emotions, Joy, dominates the control of Riley. Her domination which impedes other emotions? roles can be considered as the mechanism of defense in protecting Riley from unpleasant feelings. In this movie, the defense mechanisms are described not only as normal responses of human that occur when facing threat and fear, but also as a system that can affect the development of one's personality and the emotional life. By using textual analysis, this paper unveils the roles of defense mechanisms in the process of personality development by using Freud?s theoretical framework. The outcome of this research is that defense mechanisms can affect the identification process in developing one?s personality.;Inside Out has become a significant movie which depicts how human mind system is regulated. This movie delivers the illustrations of psychological development processes that happen in the subconscious mind according to Freud?s theory of personality. This theory is reflected in this movie through an allegorical depiction by illustrating the mechanism of human mind as a sophisticated system with various personified characters that handle the tasks. The problem that is highlighted in this movie is that one of the emotions, Joy, dominates the control of Riley. Her domination which impedes other emotions? roles can be considered as the mechanism of defense in protecting Riley from unpleasant feelings. In this movie, the defense mechanisms are described not only as normal responses of human that occur when facing threat and fear, but also as a system that can affect the development of one's personality and the emotional life. By using textual analysis, this paper unveils the roles of defense mechanisms in the process of personality development by using Freud?s theoretical framework. The outcome of this research is that defense mechanisms can affect the identification process in developing one?s personality.;Inside Out has become a significant movie which depicts how human mind system is regulated. This movie delivers the illustrations of psychological development processes that happen in the subconscious mind according to Freud?s theory of personality. This theory is reflected in this movie through an allegorical depiction by illustrating the mechanism of human mind as a sophisticated system with various personified characters that handle the tasks. The problem that is highlighted in this movie is that one of the emotions, Joy, dominates the control of Riley. Her domination which impedes other emotions? roles can be considered as the mechanism of defense in protecting Riley from unpleasant feelings. In this movie, the defense mechanisms are described not only as normal responses of human that occur when facing threat and fear, but also as a system that can affect the development of one's personality and the emotional life. By using textual analysis, this paper unveils the roles of defense mechanisms in the process of personality development by using Freud?s theoretical framework. The outcome of this research is that defense mechanisms can affect the identification process in developing one?s personality.;Inside Out has become a significant movie which depicts how human mind system is regulated. This movie delivers the illustrations of psychological development processes that happen in the subconscious mind according to Freud?s theory of personality. This theory is reflected in this movie through an allegorical depiction by illustrating the mechanism of human mind as a sophisticated system with various personified characters that handle the tasks. The problem that is highlighted in this movie is that one of the emotions, Joy, dominates the control of Riley. Her domination which impedes other emotions? roles can be considered as the mechanism of defense in protecting Riley from unpleasant feelings. In this movie, the defense mechanisms are described not only as normal responses of human that occur when facing threat and fear, but also as a system that can affect the development of one's personality and the emotional life. By using textual analysis, this paper unveils the roles of defense mechanisms in the process of personality development by using Freud?s theoretical framework. The outcome of this research is that defense mechanisms can affect the identification process in developing one?s personality."

"Karya sastra berupa novel dapat menampilkan gejala-gejala psikologis para tokohnya sebagai refleksi dari kehidupan individu. Gejala-gejala tersebut merupakan bentuk kepribadian yang dihasilkan dari proses kreatif pengarang. Salah satu novel yang menampilkan kepribadian tokoh-tokohnya adalah novel Brothermaker karya Wulanfadi. Dalam novel tersebut, tokoh protagonis dan antagonis digambarkan dengan kepribadian yang saling bertentangan. Berkaitan dengan hal itu, peneliti berusaha untuk mengkaji kepribadian tokoh protagonis dan antagonis dalam novel tersebut melalui pendekatan psikologi sastra. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui kajian studi pustaka. Landasannya adalah teori psikologi kepribadian yang dicetuskan oleh Alfred Adler. Adler mengemukakan bahwa tingkat kesehatan psikologis individu ditentukan oleh minat sosialnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh protagonis dapat dikatakan sehat secara psikologis, sementara tokoh antagonis tidak sehat secara psikologis.

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Literary works in the form of novels can portray the psychological phenomena of their characters as a reflection of individual lives. These characteristics are the result of the author's creative process and manifest as various personalities. One novel that portrays the personalities of its characters is Brothermaker by Wulanfadi. In this novel, the protagonist and antagonist are depicted with contrasting personalities. In light of this, the researcher aims to examine the personalities of the protagonist and antagonist in the novel using a literary psychological approach. The method employed is qualitative descriptive research through a literature review. The theoretical foundation is based on Alfred Adler's theory of individual psychology, which asserts that an individual's psychological well-being is determined by their social interests. The research findings indicate that the protagonist can be considered psychologically healthy, while the antagonist is psychologically unhealthy."

"ABSTRAKThe purpose of this study is to describe the intrinsic elements of Alisya novel by Muhammad Makhdloril. The problem that will be examined and studied is how to describe the intrinsic elements that are the base of a literary work, among other things, the existence of themes, and mandates, figures and characterizations, plots, and settings that become the structure of Muhammad Makhdori's Alisya novel? The method used is descriptive method. The advantages of research is that it can reveal the structure of a novel that can be used as a material for studying learning to deal with life problems. The source used in this research is Alisya novel by Muhammad Makhdlori. The results obtained in this study indicate that the Alisya novel by Muhammad Makhdori has the theme of poverty can make people go berserk and invites immorality. Life needs to struggle and work hard."

"Skripsi ini membahas novel Мертвые Души/Mertvie Dusi/Jiwa-jiwa Mati Karya Nikolai Vasilevič Gogol'. Di dalam skripsi ini, pembahasan difokuskan pada kepribadian tokoh utama, yakni Chichikov, yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil analisis skripsi ini menyatakan bahwa perilaku-perilaku Chichikov yang menyimpang dikarenakan dia tidak memiliki struktur kepribadian yang berimbang dalam dirinya. Masa kanak-kanak berpengaruh penting bagi pembentukan karakter seseorang.

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AbstractThis thesis discusses the novel Мертвые Души/Mertvie Dusi/Dead Souls, written by Nikolai Vasilevič Gogol'. Within this thesis, the discussion focused on the main character?s personality, named Chichikov, which was analyzed by using Sigmund Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis. The method used is known as the "descriptive analytical method". The results of the analysis of this thesis states that Chichikov's deviated behavior was because he did not have a balanced personality structure in himself. Childhood has an important influence for the formation of a person's character."