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Qonita Nabihah
"Homosistein adalah asam amino yang dihasilkan dalam metabolisme metionin dan sistein. Berdasarkan bukti ilmiah, tingginya kadar homosistein berpotensi memiliki efek neurotoksik dan terkait dengan kemunculan penyakit neurodegeneratif. Konsumsi metformin jangka panjang oleh pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) menyebabkan defisiensi vitamin B12 yang akan meningkatkan kadar homosistein. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis ada tidaknya hubungan antara hiperhomosisteinemia dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien DMT2 yang mengonsumsi metformin dan metformin-glimepirid. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dan metode consecutive sampling dilakukan di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu dan Puskesmas Depok Jaya. Asesmen fungsi kognitif dilakukan dengan instrumen The Montreal Cognitive Assessment dalam Bahasa Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Sampel darah subjek penelitian dikumpulkan untuk pengukuran HbA1c dan kadar homosistein. Total 116 subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu subjek penelitian dengan kadar homosistein normal (n=90) dan hiperhomosisteinemia (n=26). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) pada karakteristik dasar dan klinis kedua kelompok kecuali jenis kelamin (p=0,001). Secara keseluruhan, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,307) pada skor MoCA-Ina kelompok kadar homosistein normal (23 (13-30)) dan kelompok hiperhomosisteinemia (21,5 (13-29)). Analisis lebih detail pada subdomain fungsi kognitif menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kedua kelompok kecuali pada subdomain bahasa (p=0,025). Kelompok kadar homosistein normal memiliki skor subdomain bahasa lebih tinggi (2,71±0,521) daripada kelompok hiperhomosisteinemia (1,86±0,877). Terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif yaitu usia (p=0,022), waktu tempuh pendidikan (p=0,043), serta kebiasaan merokok (p=0,033). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat petbedaan fungsi kognitif pada kelompok kadar homosistein normal dan kelompok hiperhomosisteinemia kecuali pada subdomain bahasa.

Homocysteine is an amino acid produced in the metabolism of methionine and cysteine. Based on scientific evidence, high levels of homocysteine have the potential to have neurotoxic effects and are associated with the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases. Long-term consumption of metformin by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) causes vitamin B12 deficiency which will increase homocysteine levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there is a relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased cognitive function in T2DM patients taking metformin and metformin-glimepiride. The study with a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling method was conducted at Pasar Minggu and Depok Jaya Public Health Center. Cognitive function assessment was carried out using The Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Indonesian (MoCA-Ina) instrument. Blood samples of research subjects were collected for measurement of HbA1c and homocysteine levels. A total of 116 research subjects were divided into two groups, namely research subjects with normal homocysteine levels (n=90) and hyperhomocysteinemia (n=26). There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the basic and clinical characteristics of the two groups except for gender (p=0.001). Overall, there was no significant difference (p=0.307) in the MoCA-Ina scores in the normal homocysteine group (23 (13-30)) and the hyperhomocysteinemia group (21.5 (13-29)). A more detailed analysis of the cognitive function subdomain showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups except for the language subdomain (p=0.025). The normal homocysteine level group had a higher language subdomain score (2.71±0.521) than the hyperhomocysteinemia group (1.86±0.877). There are other factors that affect cognitive function, namely age (p=0.022), length of formal education (p=0.043), and smoking habits (p=0.033). It can be concluded that there is no difference in cognitive function in the normal homocysteine level group and the hyperhomocysteinemia group except for the language subdomain."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nova Sri Hartati
"Peningkatan stres oksidatif selama penuaan, dianggap sebagai kontributor utama pada proses neuro-degenerasi dan kehilangan neuron, dan merupakan faktor utama dalam patologi penyakit Alzheimer dan penurunan kognitif terkait usia. Vitamin E merupakan antioksidan potensial yang menjadi fokus utama penelitian gangguan fungsi kognitif dan penyakit Alzheimer.
Penelitian potong lintang pada populasi lansia sehat di Kelurahan Cikoko ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif. Selain itu juga menilai asupan vitamin C dan E dengan metode FFQ. Penilaian fungsi kognitif dengan instrumen MoCA-Ina. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar vitamin E menggunakan metode HPLC. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-square. Sebagian besar subyek (75,9%) adalah perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 65 tahun. Sementara, kadar rata-rata vitamin E adekuat, yaitu 21,6 μmol/L.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif yang dinilai dengan skor MoCA-Ina. Meskipun berat badan normal hingga obes I menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan skor kognitif (r = 0,17 p = 0,026), tetapi tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara asupan vitamin C dengan fungsi kognitif (r = 0,19 p = 0,15) atau antara asupan vitamin E dengan fungsi kognitif (r = 0,04, p = 0.72) pada penelitian ini. Kesimpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif.

Oxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant.
A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L.
The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T58681
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yanuar Indah Pratiwi
"Homosistein (Hcy) adalah asam amino yang mengandung tiol dan memiliki potensi sebagai penanda biologis dari komplikasi terkait diabetes melitus tipe 2, seperti makrovaskular dan mikrovaskular. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan homosistein serum pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan terapi metformin dan kombinasi metformin-glimepirid. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang dengan metode consecutive sampling di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu dan Puskesmas Depok Jaya. Sampel darah subjek penelitian dikumpulkan untuk pengukuran HbA1c dan kadar homosistein serum. Kadar homosistein serum diukur menggunakan Axis® Homocysteine EIA Kit. Total 125 partisipan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu pengguna terapi metformin (n=57) dan kombinasi metformin-glimepirid (n=68). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada karakteristik dasar dan klinis kedua kelompok kecuali regimen terapi (metformin) (p=0,003). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,163) pada hasil pengukuran kadar homosistein serum pada kelompok metformin (12,03±3,45) dan kombinasi metformin-glimepirid (13,08±4,69). Hiperhomosisteinemia (µmol/L) lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok kombinasi metformin-glimepirid dibandingkan dengan kelompok metformin, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,113). Terdapat faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kadar homosistein yaitu jenis kelamin, durasi menderita DMT2, rutinitas olahraga, dan regimen terapi (glimepirid). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar homosistein serum pada kelompok metformin dan kombinasi metformin-glimepirid.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid that contains thiols and has the potential to be a biological marker of complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as macrovascular and microvascular. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of serum homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with metformin and metformin-glimepiride combination therapy. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design with a consecutive sampling method at the Pasar Minggu Subdistrict Health Center and the Depok Jaya Health Center. Blood samples of the research subjects were collected for measurements of HbA1c and serum homocysteine levels. Serum homocysteine levels were measured using the Axis® Homocysteine EIA Kit. A total of 125 participants were divided into two groups, users of metformin therapy (n=57) and metformin-glimepiride combinations (n=68). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline and clinical characteristics among groups except for therapeutic regimen (metformin) (p=0,003). There was no significant difference (p=0,163) in the measurement results of serum homocysteine levels in the metformin (12,03±3,45) and metformin-glimepiride combination (13,08±4,69). Hyperhomocysteinemia (μmol/L) was more commonly found in the metformin-glimepiride combination group compared to the metformin group, but was no statistically significant difference (p=0.113). Gender, duration of T2DM, regular exercise, and therapeutic regimen (glimepiride) are factors that can affect homocysteine levels. Therefore, it can be said that there was no difference in serum homocysteine levels in the metformin and metformin-glimepiride groups.
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Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Alexander Randy Angianto
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Pencapaian target glikemik pada pasien DM tipe2 yang masih rendah khususnya di Indonesia mengakibatkan berbagai komplikasi termasuk gangguan fungsi kognitif.. Padahal untuk menerapkan manajemen mandiri pada pasien DM, dibutuhkan fungsi kognitif yang kompleks. Pada berbagai penyakit kronis, fungsi kognitif khususnya domain memori yang buruk telah dihubungkan dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat. Meskipun demikian, belum ada studi yang mencari hubungan keduanya pada pasien DM tipe 2.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien DM tipe 2
Metodologi: Desain studi ini adalah potong lintang terhadap 96 subjek penelitian dengan DM tipe 2 berusia >18 tahun di unit rawat jalan RSUD Tebet. Karakteristik demografi, parameter klinis, penilaian fungsi kognitif, dan kepatuhan penggunaan obat didokumentasikan secara lengkap. Penilaian fungsi kognitif menggunakan Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Penilaian kepatuhan penggunaan obat dinilai menggunakan penghitungan pil. Studi ini menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi dan proporsi, analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square.
Hasil: Terdapat 69,8% subjek penelitian dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan faktor tingkat pendidikan sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi. Analisa mendapatkan kejadian penurunan fungsi domain memori 96,9%;, eksekutif 78%, visuospasial 78%; atensi 30%; bahasa 26%; dan orientasi 4,2%. Ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat didapatkan pada 26% subjek penelitian. Analisa bivariat tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat (OR 0,757 95% CI [0,280-2,051] p=0,58).
Kesimpulan: Gangguan fungsi kognitif didapatkan pada 69,8% pasien DM tipe 2, dan ketidakpatuhan ditemukan pada 26% pasien. Tidak ada hubungan yang didapatkan antara gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien DM tipe 2

ABSTRACT
Background: Poor glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, especially in Indonesia, results in a variety of complications including a cognitive impairment. In fact, to implement self-management in DM patients, intact cognitive function is necessary. In a variety of chronic diseases, cognitive impairment, especially the memory domain has been associated with medication nonadherence. Nonetheless, no studies have looked for the relationship between the two in type 2 DM patients
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of cognitive impairment with medication nonadherence in type 2 DM patients.
Methodology: The design of this study was cross-sectional with 96 study subjects with type 2 DM, > 18 years old in the outpatient unit at RSUD Tebet. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, cognitive function assessment, and medication adherence use were fully documented. Cognitive function assessed with the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina). Medication adherence was assessed using pill count. This study uses the analysis of frequency and proportions distribution, and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test.
Results: There were 69.8% of the research subjects with cognitive impairment with education level as an associated factor. Analysis of the occurrence of impairment of the function of memory domain 96.9%; executive 78%, visuospatial 78%; attention 30%; language 26%; and 4.2% orientation. Oraal medication nonadherence was found in 26% of the study subjects. Bivariate analysis did not show an association between cognitive impairment and medication nonadherence (OR 0.757 95% CI [0.280-2.051] p=0.58).
Conclusion: Cognitive impairment was found in 69.8% Type 2 DM patients, and medication nonadherence was found in 26% patients. Cognitive impairment was not associated with medication nonadherence in type 2 DM patients.
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2019
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Alexander Randy Angianto
"Latar Belakang: Pencapaian target glikemik pada pasien DM tipe2 yang masih rendah khususnya di Indonesia mengakibatkan berbagai komplikasi termasuk gangguan fungsi kognitif.. Padahal untuk menerapkan manajemen mandiri pada pasien DM, dibutuhkan fungsi kognitif yang kompleks. Pada berbagai penyakit kronis, fungsi kognitif khususnya domain memori yang buruk telah dihubungkan dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat. Meskipun demikian, belum ada studi yang mencari hubungan keduanya pada pasien DM tipe 2.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien DM tipe 2
Metodologi: Desain studi ini adalah potong lintang terhadap 96 subjek penelitian dengan DM tipe 2 berusia >18 tahun di unit rawat jalan RSUD Tebet. Karakteristik demografi, parameter klinis, penilaian fungsi kognitif, dan kepatuhan penggunaan obat didokumentasikan secara lengkap. Penilaian fungsi kognitif menggunakan Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Penilaian kepatuhan penggunaan obat dinilai menggunakan penghitungan pil. Studi ini menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi dan proporsi, analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square.
Hasil: Terdapat 69,8% subjek penelitian dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan faktor tingkat pendidikan sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi. Analisa mendapatkan kejadian penurunan fungsi domain memori 96,9%;, eksekutif 78%, visuospasial 78%; atensi 30%; bahasa 26%; dan orientasi 4,2%. Ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat didapatkan pada 26% subjek penelitian. Analisa bivariat tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat (OR 0,757 95% CI [0,280-2,051] p=0,58).
Kesimpulan: Gangguan fungsi kognitif didapatkan pada 69,8% pasien DM tipe 2, dan ketidakpatuhan ditemukan pada 26% pasien. Tidak ada hubungan yang didapatkan antara gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien DM tipe 2

Background: Poor glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, especially in Indonesia, results in a variety of complications including a cognitive impairment. In fact, to implement self-management in DM patients, intact cognitive function is necessary. In a variety of chronic diseases, cognitive impairment, especially the memory domain has been associated with medication nonadherence. Nonetheless, no studies have looked for the relationship between the two in type 2 DM patients
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of cognitive impairment with medication nonadherence in type 2 DM patients.
Methodology: The design of this study was cross-sectional with 96 study subjects with type 2 DM, > 18 years old in the outpatient unit at RSUD Tebet. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, cognitive function assessment, and medication adherence use were fully documented. Cognitive function assessed with the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina). Medication adherence was assessed using pill count. This study uses the analysis of frequency and proportions distribution, and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test.
Results: There were 69.8% of the research subjects with cognitive impairment with education level as an associated factor. Analysis of the occurrence of impairment of the function of memory domain 96.9%; executive 78%, visuospatial 78%; attention 30%; language 26%; and 4.2% orientation. Oraal medication nonadherence was found in 26% of the study subjects. Bivariate analysis did not show an association between cognitive impairment and medication nonadherence (OR 0.757 95% CI [0.280-2.051] p=0.58).
Conclusion: Cognitive impairment was found in 69.8% Type 2 DM patients, and medication nonadherence was found in 26% patients. Cognitive impairment was not associated with medication nonadherence in type 2 DM patients
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Kusdiah Eny Subekti
"Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan perawatan berkesinambungan dan membutuhkan waktu cukup lama serta merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang prevalensinya terus meningkat, dan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan angka kematian. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan perilaku pemenuhan nutrisi pada dewasa DM tipe 2 dengan kadar gula darah sewaktu di kota Depok. Desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross- sectional. Populasi dewasa DM tipe 2, Maret 2014 berjumlah 1042 orang dengan sampel yang diambil 92. Tehnik sampling menggunakan teknik Cluster Sampling (Area Sampling).
Hasil analisis menunjukan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan variabel perancunya adalah status gizi dan dukungan kelurga. Pengetahuan merupakan variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah sewaktu (OR 7.018) setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancu. Bagi pelayanan kesehatan diperlukan sosialisasi upaya pencegahan dan perawatan DM tipe 2 secara rutin di puskesmas dan posbindu.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continous care for long time. It is not contagious disease which the prevalence increases and contributes with death rate. This research aimed to identify the relation of adult people with type 2 diabetes' diet behaviour with the blood sugar levels in Depok. Quantitative research designuses the cross sectionalapproach. The data obtained from 28 health centers that located in the Depok,on March 2014, the population of adult with DM is I 042 people with 92 samples taken. The sampling technique is using Cluster Sampling (Sampling Area).
The results shows the main Variables that include knowledge, skill and attitude are all related to blood sugar levels in type 2 DM respondents in Depok and the confoundingvariable is nutrition status and support from family member. The knowledge is the most related with the sugar level. Its recomended to provide the information about diabetes, diet and lifestyle in the prevention of type 2 diabetes from health centers in Depok.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43306
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Gracia Jovita Kartiko
"Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik progresif dengan sebagian besar populasi berada pada usia produktif. Di Indonesia, capaian kendali glikemik yang optimal hanya didapatkan pada 20-30% pasien. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko komplikasi muskuloskeletal seperti sarkopenia yang sudah mulai terjadi sejak usia 20 tahun. Vitamin D merupakan salah satu suplementasi nutrisi yang direkomendasikan dalam tata laksana sarkopenia.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara vitamin D dengan sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 usia dewasa nongeriatri.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan populasi DM tipe 2 berusia 18-59 tahun yang berobat di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia pada bulan Januari 2021 sampai dengan April 2022. Dilakukan pengukuran massa otot dengan bioimpedance analysis (BIA), kekuatan genggam tangan, kecepatan berjalan, antropometri, serta kadar HbA1c dan vitamin D serum. Titik potong vitamin D ditentukan berdasarkan kurva receiver-operating characteristic (ROC).
Hasil: Dari 99 subjek, 38,4% mengalami sarkopenia, yang terdiri dari 94,7% possible sarcopenia dan 5,3% true sarcopenia. Kadar vitamin D di bawah 32 ng/mL didapatkan pada 78,9% kelompok sarkopenia. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, prevalensi sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 dengan defisiensi vitamin D didapatkan 1,94 kali lebih tinggi (p=0,043) dibandingkan dengan populasi DM tipe 2 tanpa defisiensi vitamin D, setelah dilakukan penyesuaian dengan usia, jenis kelamin, HbA1c, dan obesitas.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar vitamin D dengan sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 usia dewasa nongeriatri, setelah penyesuaian dengan faktor usia, jenis kelamin, HbA1c, dan obesitas.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disease with most of the population being at productive age. In Indonesia, optimal glycemic control is only achieved in 20-30% of patients which increases the risk of musculoskeletal complications such as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia has been known to develop since the age of 20. Vitamin D is one of the recommended nutritional supplementations in the management of sarcopenia.
Aim: We aimed to determine the association between serum vitamin D and sarcopenia in nongeriatric adults with T2DM.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 18-59 years old T2DM outpatients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia between January 2021 and April 2022. We performed muscle mass measurement using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), handgrip strength, gait speed, anthropometrics, as well as serum vitamin D and HbA1c levels. The cut-off Vitamin D level was determined using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: A total of 99 subjects were analyzed of which 38.4% had sarcopenia. The proportion of possible sarcopenia was 94.7% and true sarcopenia 5.3%. Vitamin D level below 32 ng/mL was found in 78.9% of the sarcopenia group. Based on multivariate analysis, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the T2DM population with vitamin D deficiency was found to be 1.94 times higher (p=0.043) compared to the T2DM population without vitamin D deficiency, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and obesity.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and sarcopenia in nongeriatric adults with T2DM, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and obesity.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sandi Puspita
"Peningkatan jumlah lanjut usia di Indonesia sering diiringi dengan peningkatan gangguan kognitif. Leptin diketahui memiliki fungsi protektif terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia, namun hingga saat ini hasil temuan peran leptin pada fungsi kognitif masih beragam, dan belum banyak dibahas di Indonesia. Selain itu peneliti melakukan analisis tambahan menggunakan Food Record dan penilaian antropometri pada subjek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar plasma leptin dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupkan penelitian analitik deskriptif potong lintang yang menggunakan purposive sampling sebagai metode pengambilan sampel. Subjek merupakan lanjut usia yang bertempat tinggal di Panti Sosial yang kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif menggunakan instrumen MoCA-INA, kuesioner IADL, GPAQ, Food Record, plasma leptin, komposisi tubuh serta antropometri, yang dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.
Hasil dari penelitian, karakteristik subjek berusia 60-74 tahun, dengan mayoritas jenis kelamin wanita (69,1%), dengan status gizi normal (45,5%), massa lemak berkisar antara 18,10-57,10 %, massa otot berkisar antara 20,20-57,50 kg. Mayoritas tidak merokok, tingkat pendidikan rendah (≤ 12 tahun wajib belajar), aktifitas fisik sedang dengan keseluruhan kapasitas fungsional subjek mandiri. Sebesar (96,4%) lanjut usia mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif, kadar leptin plasma memiliki nilai terendah 1,4 ng/mL, tertinggi 119,48 ng/m dengan median 6,2 ng/mL. Pada analisis bivariat ditemukan kadar leptin, IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh), massa lemak, pendidikan, dan IADL memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Jakarta. Korelasi kadar leptin plasma dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Jakarta memiliki korelasi positif sedang dengan nilai r 0,52 dan signifikansi 0,000.

The increasing of elderly population often accompanied by a rise in cognitive disorders. Leptin is known to have a protective function against cognitive decline in elderly. However, current finding regarding the role of leptin in cognitive function is vary, and has not been extensively discussed in Indonesia. Food record and anthropometric assessment is conducted as an additional analyses on subject. Aim of this study is to determine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and cognitive function in the elderly in Jakarta. This is a cross sectional descriptive analytical research using purposive sampling as the sampling method. Subject are elderly residing in social welfare home, and being assessed using MOCA-INA instrument, IADL and GPAQ questionnaire, plasma leptin, body composition, anthropometric and Food Record are measured. The data is analysed through univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Result of this study are subject characteristic of age ranging from 60-74 years, with female as the majority (67.5%), normal nutritional status (46.2%), body fat ranging from 18.10 to 57.10 %, muscle mass 20.20 to 57.50 kg. Majority of subject do not smoke, have a low education level (≤ 12 year of education), engage in moderate physical activity, and having independent functional capacity. A total of 96.2% of the subject experience cognitive impairment. Plasma leptin levels ranging from 1.4 to 8.5 ng/mL, with median of 5.9 ng/mL. There is a significant relationship between leptin levels, body mass index, body weight, total body fat, education and IADL with cognitive function in the elderly in Jakarta. The correlation between plasma leptin levels and cognitive function in the elderly in Jakarta, shows a moderately positive correlation with r value of 0.47 and a significance of 0.000.
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Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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Mellya Seswita
"Homosistein merupakan asam amino kelompok sulfhidril dari hasil metabolisme metionin. Faktor-faktor seperti, penuaan, defisiensi asam folat, vitamin B6 dan B12, dapat meningkatkan kadar homosistein. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang yang bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara asupan folat dengan kadar homosistein pada usila perempuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama bulan Desember 2012 sampai Januari 2013 di Pusaka 12 (Tomang) dan Pusaka 39 (Senen). Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling, dan didapatkan 55 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi usia, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif untuk menilai asupan folat, vitamin B6 dan B12.
Pengukuran antropometri yaitu berat badan (BB) dan tinggi lutut (TL) untuk menilai status gizi berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) serta pemeriksaan laboratorium meliputi kadar homosistein. Didapatkan rerata usia 69,2±6,3 tahun. Malnutrisi terdapat pada 78,2 % subyek. Sebagian besar subyek penelitian, memiliki asupan folat, vitamin B6 dan B12 yang kurang dari angka kecukupan gizi (AKG), yaitu masing-masing 92,7%, 87,3% dan 80%. Median asupan folat berbahan kedelai 17,9(0,75–151,2)%. Median kadar homosistein 13,95(7.92–29,21)μmol/L. Hiperhomosisteinemia ringan dan sedang didapatkan sebanyak 23,6% dan 3,6%. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan folat, vitamin B6 dan vitamin B12 dengan kadar homosistein (p=0,702, p=0,624, dan p=0,658).

Homocysteine is an amino acid sulfhydryl group from the metabolism of methionine. Homocysteine levels influenced by various factors, ie aging, deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12, can raise homocysteine level. The aim of the cross sectional study was to determine the relationship between intake of folate with homocysteine levels in elderly women. Data collection was conducted during December 2012 to January 2013 at the Pusaka 12 (Tomang) and Pusaka 39 (Senen). Subjects were obtained using cluster random sampling, and 55 subjects who met the study criteria were recruited. Data were collected through interviews include age, education level, income, and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess intake of folate, vitamin B6 and B12.
Anthropometric measurements of the body weight (BW) and high-knee (TL) to assess the nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) as well as laboratory examinations include homocysteine levels. This study obtained a mean age of 69.2 ± 6.3 years. Malnutrition was occurred in 78.2% of subjects. Majority of the subjects had intakes of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 were less than the nutritional adequacy rate (RDA), which is respectively 92.7%, 87.3% and 80%. Median folate intake from soybeans 17.9 (0.75 to 151.2)%. Median levels of homocysteine 13.95 (7.92-29,21) μmol/L. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia and intermediate hyperhomocysteine were obtained as 23.6% and 3.6%. No significant association was found between intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 with homocysteine levels (p = 0.702, p = 0.624, and p = 0.658).
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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