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"Penelitian ini hadir untuk memperlihatkan makna dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh petani perempuan dan laki-laki (suami-istri) dalam merespons kerentanan produksi pertanian tanah timbul menggunakan perspektif multispesies dan gender. Data pada penelitian ini dihimpun melalui observasi partisipan dan wawancara mendalam dengan bantuan kepekaan lima indera (sensory awareness) dan arts of noticing. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah proses identifikasi makna, tindakan, dan relasi antara manusia dengan ‘alam’ tidak dapat ditentukan satu arah. Tindakan dan relasi yang muncul adalah pertukaran resiprokal oleh manusia dan alam yang merepresentasikan keterhubungan mereka sebagai “self” dan “other” melalui pengoperasian pengalaman hidup dan relasi gender yang kompleks dengan entitas- entitas yang berkenaan, baik manusia perempuan dan laki-laki, spesies non-manusia, lingkungan abiotik, dan sebagainya. Proses identifikasi makna dan relasi antara petani perempuan dan laki-laki di Kampung Laut dengan air asin, padi, dan air tawar melibatkan pengalaman hidup dan opersionalisasi gender di ruang lingkup mikro dan meso yang kompleks dan dinamis. Dengan demikian, nature dan culture yang hidup dalam kosmologi mereka bersifat cair berdasarkan dinamika sosial ‘alam’ pertanian tanah timbul dan proses pemaknaan yang terhubung secara resiprokal. Telaah pada konsep nature dan culture menjadi sebuah pijakan untuk melihat dan memahami dunia secara holistik dan seimbang.

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This research is here to discuss the meaning and efforts of women and men (husband and wife) farmers in responding to soil-emerging agricultural production using multispecies and gender perspective. The data in this study were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with the help of the sensitivity of the five senses (sensory awareness) and the art of attention. The findings of this study are the process of gathering meanings, actions, and relations between humans and 'nature' which cannot be determined in one direction. Actions and relationships that emerge are reciprocal exchange by humans and nature that represent their connection as "self" and "other" through discussion of complex life experiences and gender relations with related entities, both male and female, non-human species, abiotic environment, and so on. The process of taking meaning and the relationship between female and male farmers in Kampung Laut with sea water, rice, and freshwater bargains life experiences and the operationalization of gender in the complex and dynamic realm of micro and meso aspects. Thus, the nature and culture that live in their cosmology change fluidly based on the social dynamics of 'natural' in soil-emerging agricultural and the process of meaning that is connected reciprocally. Reviewing the concepts of nature and culture is the basis for seeing and completing a holistic and balanced world."

"ABSTRACT

The Dissertation problem is concerning about implementation of land adjudication project (LAP) for poor people in slum area at jakarta City. Realization of the project faced fact that the socio economic conditions of the people are heterogenic, and have been defended to through application of various social institutions and culture, including by poor people. People anticipate that project with that variation. After adjudication, existence of land certificate do not always in line with clauses and mechanism of other development projects, hence poor people even also perforce to anticipate that condition with some ability and many ways.

For the purpose of law and economics development for the poor people, this dissertation sees that target of adjudication influenced by a number of factors. So, the problem of this dissertation included an absolute poorness form, ownership doubting of land right, or the limited opportunity of poor people to access legal things. Not to mention existence of other resistance which faced by poor people after project of land adjudication done.

Land adjudication in fact is only one of the small shares or step of a big and wide development process. Adjudication is only a step early to follow that big current. But if poor people only base on land adjudication is not yet adequate. The poor needed many other formal prerequisites if they want to be successful. And, adjudication also is not ending result. Adjudication of course yields formal evidence, namely land certificate, but certificate remains to have to be related to other formal things so that can useful for them.

Thereby, development in fact affects less both for the poor. Development is not merely a planned process which isn't it become a set activity for whosoever, but require selected things, especially productive capital which can continue to develop. As a result, development become to side at owner of capital.

Field data indicated regarding importantly of give adequate attention to heterogeneity that happened, especially in slum area. Existing heterogeneity exactly can equip various concept and theory, for example hitting ?culture of poverty' nor macro social and micro social concepts of Southall (1973) less giving of attention at variant that happened and barbed with people dynamics in answering to all sort of matter which intervening their social group, Heterogeneity also indication of is existence of culture knowledge which vary at people which remain to slum area. Culture knowledge which vary that will be used them to answer to various development intervention. If we mentioned more pay attention, hence will be able to assist us to analyze the essence relation between society and development."

"Tesis ini melihat bahwa subak sebagai fenomena kebudayaan Bali yang sarat nilai kearifan lokal, saat ini eksistensinya semakin terdesak karena pesatnya pembangunan di berbagai sektor nonpertanian sehingga mengakibatkan tanah pertanian subak semakin berkurang dan bahkan potensi musnahnya subak di masa mendatang sangatlah mungkin terjadi. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kepastian letak sebaran lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan dalam peraturan daerah di Bali sehingga tanah pertanian subak akan terlindungi dari alih fungsi menjadi tanah nonpertanian sekaligus memberdayakan para petani subak. Masalah alih fungsi tanah pertanian subak menjadi fokus analisis dengan menggunakan teori Hukum Refleksif. Penelitian hukum ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif atau kepustakaan dengan menggunakan sumber data berupa data sekunder dan dikombinasi dengan metode jurimetri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan kebijakan nasional di bidang penataan ruang yang mengalokasikan peruntukan pertanian seluas 80.417 hektar di Bali. Penelitian ini juga menemukan ketidaksinkronan antara peraturan-peraturan daerah mengenai rencana tata ruang wilayah di Bali dengan rencana pola ruang peruntukan pertanian nasional seluas 46.591 hektar. Rekomendasi penelitian ini antara lain menganjurkan agar seluruh pemerintah daerah di Bali menginsafi dan mematuhi arahan kebijakan nasional di bidang penataan ruang dengan menyinkronkan peruntukan pertanian sekaligus memastikan letak sebaran lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan dalam peraturan-peraturan daerah mengenai rencana tata ruang wilayahnya sesuai dengan kebijakan nasional yang telah digariskan.

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The thesis finds that the existence of subak as a Balinese cultural phenomenon full with local wisdom values is at the moment being put aside because of massive development in various non-agricultural sectors so that then land of subak agriculture lessens and the potential of subaks extinction in the future is very likely. Therefore certainty in the spread-out locations of sustainable food agricultural land in the regional regulations in Bali is needed so that subak agricultural land will be protected from land convertion to be non-agricultural land and subak farmers wil be empowered. The problem of subak agricultural land conversion is the focus analysis by using the theory of Reflexive Law. This legal research is a normative or literature legal research by using data sources of secondary data, combined with a jurimetrics method. The research result shows that there is a change of national policy in spatial improvement which allocates agricultural purposes of 80,417 hectares in Bali. The research also finds inconsistency between regional regulations on spatial planning in Bali and national agricutural purposes of spatial pattern planning of 46,591 hectares. The recommendations of the research among others suggest that all regional governments in Bali realize and comply with the national policy guidance in spatial planning by alligning the agricultural purposes and making sure that the locations of sustainable food agricultural land distribution shall be included in the regional regulations on regional spatial planning in accordance with the predetermined national policy."