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"Inklusi keuangan yang rendah membuat masyarakat sulit untuk mendapatkan akses pinjaman baik untuk pendanaan modal usaha maupun investasi lainnya seperti pendidikan ataupun perumahan. Namun, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kepemilikan rekening dan keberadaan lembaga keuangan tidak serta merta meningkatkan minat rumah tangga untuk mendapatkan kredit. Dengan metode estimasi multinomial logit regression menggunakan 294.426 sample rumah tangga dari Susenas dan Podes tahun 2018, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kepemilikan rekening dan keberadaan lembaga keuangan berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kredit rumah tangga.Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan rekening mampu meningkatkan kredit formal dan juga menurunkan kredit informal. Ini membuktikan bahwa kepemilikan rekening penting di dalam mendorong kredit formal serta menurunkan kredit informal. Keberadaan Bank umum, BPR dan koperasi mampu meningkatkan kredit formal namun tidak signifikan dalam mengurangi kredit informal. Untuk itu pemerintah perlu mendorong kepemilikan rekening dan memperluas jangkauan lembaga keuangan di dalam mendorong kredit formal maupun mengurangi kredit informal.

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Low financial inclusion makes it difficult for people to get access to loans both for funding venture capital and other investments such as education or housing. However, several studies have shown that the increase of account ownership and the availability of financial institutions do not necessarily increase credit for households. With the multinomial logit regression estimation method using 294,426 household samples from Susenas and Podes in 2018, this study aims to determine whether account ownership and the availability of financial institutions have an effect on increasing household credit.The estimation results show that account ownership can increase formal credit and also reduce informal credit. This shows that account ownership is important in encouraging formal credit and reducing informal credit. The existence of commercial banks, BPR and cooperatives are able to increase formal credit but not significantly in reducing informal credit. For this reason, the government needs to encourage account ownership and expand the reach of financial institutions in promoting formal credit and reducing informal credit."

"Tesis ini membahas peran hak properti dalam kepemilikan sertifikat tanah terhadap akses pinjaman rumah tangga. Studi ini dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Hasil studi menyarankan bahwa implementasi percepatan sertifikasi tanah perlu memperhatikan faktor sosial ekonomi rumah tangga. Dalam konteks meningkatkan inklusi keuangan, sertifikasi tanah lebih efektif dilakukan pada wilayah perkotaan dan rumah tangga miskin. Tidak teratasinya masalah pinjaman bank dengan sertifikasi tanah bagi rumah tangga dengan status ekonomi miskin di perdesaan mendasari munculnya rekomendasi bagi pemerintah untuk mengurangi risiko sektor primer yang mendominasi ekonomi di perdesaan dan perlunya membangun faktor institusi terkait sertifikasi tanah di perdesaan.

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This thesis discusses the role of property rights in land ownership on household credit access. This study was conducted quantitatively with a cross-sectional design. The results of the study suggest that accelerating the acceleration program of land certification needs to pay attention to household socio-economic factors. In the context of increasing financial inclusion, land titling is more carried out in urban areas and poor households. Not solving the problem of bank credit with land certification for households with poor economic status in rural areas underlies findings for the government to reduce the risk of the primary sector that dominates economic certification in rural areas and the need to build related institutional factors."

"ABSTRAKStatus kerja dan otonomi perempuan kawin di dalam rumah tangganya diduga saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain sehingga akan diteliti apakah dengan bekerja perempuan menjadi memiliki otonomi yang tinggi atau sebaliknya, perempuan dapat bekerja karena ia memiliki otonomi yang tinggi di dalam rumah tangganya. Dengan menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia SDKI 2012 dan analisis regresi logistik multinomial yang memperlakukan status bekerja dan otonomi secara bergantian menjadi variabel bebas dan variabel terikat, ditemukan bahwa status bekerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap otonomi perempuan kawin dalam rumah tangga, dan begitu pula sebaliknya. Namun, arah dan kuat pengaruhnya tergantung pada jenis status bekerja dan otonominya.

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ABSTRACTIt rsquo s been assumed that marriage women rsquo s participation in the labor market and their household autonomy was influence each other. So, we will examine whether being employed will enhances women rsquo s household autonomy or whether they working because they have a high level of autonomy in their household. We using the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey SDKI 2012 data and the multinomial logistic regression analyze by treating women rsquo s working status and women rsquo s household autonomy by turns them as dependent and independent variable. We found that women rsquo s working status has influence on the household autonomy, and so on the contrary. But, the direction and the significance of this influence are depend on type of work status and autonomy. "

"Penelitian ini akan menganalisis pengaruh jumlah anggota rumah tangga disabilitas rumah tangga terhadap status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, dengan menggunakan data cross-section dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) tahun 2023 pada tingkat analisis rumah tangga. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan regresi logistik biner menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anggota rumah tangga disabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Pengaruh negatif ini dapat menghambat pencapaian tujuan pemerintah dalam Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2012 dan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2016, yaitu menjamin kelangsungan hidup setiap warga negara, termasuk dalam ketahanan pangan, tidak terkecuali para penyandang disabilitas. Selain itu, analisis juga dilakukan terhadap karakteristik sosio-ekonomi rumah tangga yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, seperti jenis kelamin kepala rumah tangga, umur kepala rumah tangga, status perkawinan kepala rumah tangga, tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, status pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga, wilayah tempat tinggal rumah tangga, pengeluaran rumah tangga, akses kredit, kepemilikan rumah, jumlah perokok, dan provinsi.

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This research will analyze the effect of the number of household members with disabilities on the household food security status using cross-sectional data from the 2023 Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS). The results of analysis using binary logistic regression show that that the number of household members with disabilities negatively affects the household food security status. This adverse impact poses a significant obstacle to fulfilling the goals of Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2012 and Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2016, which aim to ensure the well-being of all citizens, including food security for people with disabilities. Additionally, analysis was also carried out on household socio-economic characteristics that influence household food security, such as the gender of the head of the household, age of the head of the household, marital status of the head of the household, education level of the head of the household, number of household members, employment status of the head of the household, household living area, household expenditure, access to credit, house ownership, number of smokers, and province."

"Tujuan studi ini adalah mempelajari apakah rata-rata pengeluaran rumah tangga dan karakteristik rumah tangga lainnya berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap status penerima BLT, Raskin, dan pelayanan kesehatan gratis. Dengan menggunakan data SUSENAS 2009 analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga dengan ratarata pengeluaran kuintil teratas masih menjadi penerima program dan rumah tangga dengan kuintil terbawah ada yang tidak menerima program.Model regresi probit menunjukan bahwa seluruh karakteristik rumah tangga yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini secara signifikan mempengaruhi status penerima program perlindungan sosial. Rata-rata pengeluaran rumah tangga berhubungan secara negatif dengan status penerima program BLT, Raskin, dan pelayanan kesehatan gratis.The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the average household expenditure and other household characteristics affect the status of BLT, Raskin and free health service recipients. Using the 2009 SUSENAS data, descriptive analysis shows that there are households from highest average expenditure quintile receive the programs while there are households from lowest quintile do not receive the programs.

The results of probit regression show that all household characteristics significantly affect the status of BLT, Raskin, and free health service recipients. Average household expenditure is negatively related to the status of BLT, Raskin and free health care recipients."

"Pekerja anak tetap menjadi masalah yang terus-menerus di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, yang diperparah oleh pandemi COVID-19 karena gangguan ekonomi dan kehilangan sumber pendapatan. Akses rumah tangga terhadap kredit adalah faktor penting yang memengaruhi keputusan untuk mempekerjakan anak, karena hal ini memengaruhi kemampuan untuk berinvestasi dalam modal manusia dan mengurangi dampak ekonomi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara akses rumah tangga terhadap kredit dan insiden pekerja anak di Indonesia selama gangguan ekonomi, menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dari data Susenas 2021. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa probabilitas pekerja anak dalam rumah tangga adalah 6,34% selama tahun yang sama, dan akses kredit mengurangi probabilitas pekerja anak, yang menunjukkan pentingnya stabilitas keuangan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa rumah tangga yang lebih besar, rumah tangga yang dikepalai oleh perempuan, tempat tinggal di pedesaan, dan tahun pendidikan kepala rumah tangga yang lebih rendah berkorelasi dengan tingkat pekerja anak yang lebih tinggi. Secara khusus, kemiskinan memediasi efek akses kredit terhadap pekerja anak. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan untuk menginformasikan pembuat kebijakan dan pemangku kepentingan dalam mengembangkan strategi efektif untuk memerangi pekerja anak, terutama selama krisis ekonomi.

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Child labor remains a persistent issue in developing countries like Indonesia, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic due to economic disruptions and income losses. Household access to credit is a crucial factor influencing the decision to engage in child labor, as it affects the ability to invest in human capital and mitigate economic shocks. This study explores the relationship between household access to credit and the incidence of child labor in Indonesia during an economic disruption, using quantitative analysis from Susenas 2021 data. The study found that the probability of household child labor is 6.34% during this same year, and credit access reduced the probability of child labor, suggesting the importance of financial stability. The study also found that larger households, female-headed households, rural residences, and lower years of schooling of household heads correlated with higher rates of child labor. Notably, poverty mediates the effect of credit access on child labor. This research provides insights to inform policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to combat child labor, especially during economic crises."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh bolak balik antara status kegiatan ekonomi istri terhadap keterlibatan suami bekerja dalam mengurus rumah tangga, serta dampak yang lebih besar dari pengaruh bolak-balik tersebut. Karena adanya hubungan timbal balik dan isu endogenitas, maka penelitian ini akan menggunakan model persamaan simultan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Hasil persamaan simultan menemukan adanya istri yang bekerja memiliki pengaruh lebih besar terhadap keterlibatan suami bekerja dalam mengurus rumah tangga dibandingkan pengaruh sebaliknya, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pekerjaan rumah tangga tidak dapat terabaikan ketika tinggal dengan istri yang bekerja. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga melihat adanya asisten rumah tangga mengurangi keterlibatan suami bekerja dalam pekerjaan rumah tangga. Namun adanya balita di rumah tangga tidak menggeser peran suami dalam pengasuhan anak

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This study aims to find reciprocal effect between wives’ economic activity status and working husbands’ involvement in household production, and the greater effect of those two. Because of reciprocity and endogeneity issues, this study will be tackled by simultaneous equation system. The result suggests that working wives and working husbands’ involvement in household production has greater effect than the otherwise. It argues that household production cannot be overlooked so that husband will allocate their time when lives with working wife. Besides, this study finds that existence of household assistant less likely effects on working husband’s involvement in household production. However, fathers cannot get rid of caring child(ren) under 5 years old in the household."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola konsumsi individu dan rumah tangga terhadap status nutrisi anak yaitu indeks TB/U dan peluang anak untuk tidak stunting. Penelitian ini menggunakan data longitudinal dari Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2007 dan tahun 2014 dengan metode Panel Linear (OLS) dan Panel Probit dengan random effect. Hasil deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa status nutrisi anak membaik saat anak berusia 7-12 tahun. Sementara, hasil analisis inferensial menemukan bahwa pada level individu, anak yang mengkonsumsi makanan yang beragam memiliki indeks TB/U yang lebih baik dan peluang lebih tinggi untuk tidak stunting. Sementara pada level rumah tangga, pola pengeluaran makanan rumah tangga memengaruhi capaian status nutrisi anak. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan tidak adanya perbaikan berarti dari sisi kualitas konsumsi individu dan rumah tangga selama tujuh tahun pengamatan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya indikasi permasalahan keamanan pangan yang masih tidak baik karena masih rendahnya tingkat pendidikan ibu.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to know the impact of consumption pattern in individual and household level to the children's nutritional status based on height-for-age z-score and probability of not to be stunted on children. This study uses longitudinal data from Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007 and 2014 with Panel Linear (OLS) and Panel Probit with random effect. Descriptive analysis shows that children's nutritional status were getting better at age 7-12 years old. Regression results show that at individual level, children who have dietary diversity score above average have better height-for-age and higher probability of not to be stunted. At household level, food expenditure pattern affect children's nutritional status. This study also shows no significant improvement in the quality of individual and household consumption pattern during the seven years of observation. In addition, this study also indicated of food safety problems due to the low level education of mothers."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh determinasi aksesibilitas terhadap pengeluaran perkapita dan menganalisis determinan aksesibilitas keuangan rumah tangga. Adanya pengaruh dua arah antara aksesibilitas dan pengeluaran perkapita rumah tangga, menyebabkan penelitian harus diestimasi dengan pendekatan simultan. Dari hasil estimasi dapat diketahui bahwa keinginan rumah tangga untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran perkapitanya mendorong mereka untuk mengakses kredit baik itu secara umum, perbankan maupun program bantuan pemerintah, disisi yang lain adanya keterlibatan rumah tangga dalam mengakses kredit mendorong peningkatan pengeluaran perkapita.Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa antara pengeluaran perkapita dan aksesibilitas rumah tangga di pasar kredit memberikan pengaruh secara simultan. Determinan yang mempengaruhi keputusan rumah tangga berpartisipasi di pasar kredit, menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan masih menjadi kendala bagi rumah tangga untuk bisa berpartisipasi. Kendala ini juga yang menyebabkan rumah tangga pertanian enggan untuk mengakses kredit sekalipun itu adalah program bantuan dari pemerintah.

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ABSTRAKThe purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program., The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.]"