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"Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut didunia menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas danmortalitas pada anak usia dibawah lima tahun, dan polusi udara salah satu faktor yangdapat mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA pada anak balita. Kabupaten Bekasi pola penyakitPuskesmas diurutan pertama adalah penyakit ISPA yaitu 32.50%. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pajanan PM10 terhadap kejadian ISPA pada anakbalita, serta determinan yang mempengaruhinya seperti kondisi lingkungan (suhu,kelembaban, kecepatan angin) dan jarak rumah dari industri, kualitas rumah (ventilasi,kepadatan hunian, asap rokok), intake, dan Karakteristik individu (umur, jenis kelamin,status gizi, riwayat imunisasi dan ASI eksklusif). Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 96anak balita yang tinggal di Desa Sukadanau Kecamatan Cikarang Barat KabupatenBekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan melakukan analisisdata primer, data primer hasil dari wawancara dan pengukuran PM10, suhu, kelembaban,dan kecepatan angin pada udara ambien pada 8 titik pengukuran dibagi dalam 3 zona.Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran konsentrasi PM10 dari 8 titik memiliki median 173,50μg/m3. Kejadian ISPA terbanyak adalah anak balita yang bertempat tinggal pada zona 2yaitu 15 anak balita (46,9%). Dari 14 variabel yang diteliti yang memiliki hubunganyang bermakna adalah ASI Eksklusif terhadap kejadian ISPA pada anak balita dengannilai p = 0.02, memiliki OR = 3.000 (1.264 – 7.120) yang mempunyai arti anak balitayang tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif mempunyai peluang untuk mengalami kejadianISPA 3 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak balita yang diberikan ASI eksklusif.Berdasarkan penelitian ini disarankan, konsentrasi PM10 yang sudah tidak sesuai denganyang disyaratkan, perlu dilakukan penanganan yang serius dan perlu adanya kerjasamalintas sektor dari Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Pemerintah KabupatenBekasi

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Acute respiratory infections all over the world are the main cause of morbidity and

mortality for children under five years old, and air pollution is one of the factors that

can influence the incidence of ARI in children under five. Bekasi District, the first place

of desease pattern in Public health centre is ARI disease, that are 32.50%. This study

aims to determine the effect of PM10 exposure on the incidence of ARI in children under

five, as well as the determinants that influence it such as environmental conditions

(temperature, humidity, wind speed) and the distance from the house from industry,

quality of the house (ventilation, occupancy density, cigarette smoke), intake, and

individual characteristics (age, sex, nutritional status, history of immunization and

exclusive breastfeeding). The sample of this research is 96 children under five who live

in Sukadanau Village, Cikarang Barat District, Bekasi Regency. This study used a cross

sectional design by analyzing primary data, primary data from interviews and

measurements of PM10, temperature, humidity, and wind speed in ambient air at 8

measurement points divided into 3 zones. Based on the measurement results, the PM10

concentration from 8 points has a median of 173.50 μg / m3. The highest incidence of

ARI is children under five who live in zone 2, namely 15 children under five (46.9%).

Of the 14 variables studied that had a significant relationship were exclusive

breastfeeding with the incidence of ARI in children under five with a value of p = 0.02,

had OR = 3,000 (1,264 - 7,120) which meant that children under five who were not

exclusively breastfed had the opportunity to experience ARI incidence. 3 times greater

than children under five who are exclusively breastfed. Based on this research, it is

suggested that PM10 concentrations are no longer in accordance with the requirements,

serious handling is needed and cross-sector cooperation is needed from the Health

Office, the Environment Agency and the Bekasi Regency Government"

"[ABSTRAKPM2,5 dapat masuk ke alveoli dan menjadi pemicu terjadinya inflamasi sehingga menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara spasial hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 udara dalam rumah dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga sekitar industri Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat, Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2015. Desain penelitian cross sectional modifikasi geographical epidemiology pada 125 ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang akan diperiksa fungsi parunyamenggunakan spirometri serta 125 sampel PM2,5 udara dalam rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 58,4% ibu rumah tangga yang mengalami penurunan fungsi paru. Hasil analisis multivariat dapat disimpulkan bahwa ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang tinggal di rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 tidak memenuhi syarat berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar mengalami penurunan fungsi paru dibandingkan ibu rumah tangga yang tinggal di dalam rumah dengankonsentrasi PM2,5 memenuhi syarat setelah dikontrol variabel ventilasi dan pajanan asap rokok. Analisis spasial menunjukkan RW 5 dan RW 8 Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat merupakan wilayah RW dengan zona prioritas untuk dilakukan intervensi kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTFine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area., Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.]"

"Penyakit ISPA merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering terjadi pada balita. Di wilayah Puskesmas Telaga Murni yang berada di sekitar industri baja, ISPA menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius dan menduduki urutan pertama dari sepuluh penyakit terbanyak. Jumlah kasus baru ISPA untuk umur 1-4 tahun yaitu 56,15 % dan umur 0-1 tahun mencapai 62,0 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan partikulat matter 10 mikron (PM10) udara dalam ruang rumah dengan ISPA pada balita di Kecamatan Cikarang Barat dan Kecamatan Sukatani. PM10 dalam rumah diukur di ruangan balita sering tidur dan dilakukan satu kali di setiap rumah responden. Rentang waktu penelitian antara bulan Maret-Mei 2015. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif. Populasi terpajan adalah balita bertempat tinggal di wilayah pemukiman yang berjarak 1 kilometer dan populasi tidak terpajan adalah balita yang berjarak lebih 10 kilometer dari industri baja. Jumlah sampel seluruhnya 80 balita terdiri dari 40 kelompok terpajan dan 40 kelompok tidak terpajan. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan 6 variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita, yaitu PM10 dengan nilai p = 0,000, jarak rumah tinggal dengan industri dengan nilai p = 0,025, Vitamin A dengan nilai p = 0,023, ASI Eksklusif dengan nilai p=0,045, perokok dalam rumah dengan nilai p=0,040 dan penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar dengan nilai p = 0,009. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara PM10 udara ruangan dengan kejadian ISPA (p<0,05) pada balita yang dipengaruhi oleh jarak tempat tinggal dan vitamin A. Kadar PM10 yang tidak memenuhi syarat (>70 μg/m3) mempunyai peluang untuk menjadi penyebab ISPA pada balita sebesar 5,37 kali dibandingkan dengan PM10 dalam rumah yang memenuhi syarat (<70 μg/m3) setelah dikontrol jarak tempat tinggal dan vitamin A. Disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk tidak merokok dalam rumah dan teratur dalam pemberian vitamin A pada balita saat kegiatan posyandu.

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ARI (Acute Respiratory Infections) is a disease that often occurs in infants. In the area of Telaga Murni Health Center around Steel Industry, ARI diseases has become a serious public health problem and ranked first of the ten most diseases in Cikarang Barat Sub-District, and Sukatani Sub-District. The number of new cases of ARI for ages 1-4 years is 56.15% and the age of 0-1 years to reach 62.0%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of particulate matter (PM10) house air with a respiratory infection in infants in Bekasi. PM10 are measured in the room in the house sleeping toddlers and performed one time in each house of the respondents. The study period between March-May 2015.

This study was a retrospective cohort. Exposed population is children residing in residential areas within 1 kilometer and the population is not exposed infants within 10 kilometers of the steel industry. Total sample of 80 toddlers consists of 40 groups of exposed and 40 unexposed group. Bivariate analysis results with a 95% confidence level showed 6 variables associated with the incidence of acute respiratory infection in infant, namely PM10 with a value of p = 0.000, a distance of residences with the industry with a value of p = 0.025, Vitamin A with p = 0.023, with the value of exclusive breastfeeding p = 0.045, smoker in homes with a value of p = 0.040 and the use of mosquito coils with a value of p = 0.009.

Concluded that there is a relationship between particulate matter (PM10) air-conditioned room with ARI (p <0.05) in infants who are affected by distance and vitamin A. Levels of PM10 are not eligible (> 70 ug / m3) have the opportunity to be cause of ARI in infants by 5.37 times compared to PM10 in homes that qualify (<70 ug / m3) after controlled within the residence and vitamin A. It is recommended to the people not to smoke in the house and regularly in the provision of vitamin A in infants when Posyandu activities."

"Konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam ruang mempengaruhi kesehatan apabila terhirup oleh manusia terutama pada kelompok rentan seperti balita. Balita yang tinggal dalam rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2.5 tidak memenuhi syarat memiliki risiko terhadap gejala ISPA. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi cross sectional pada balita diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Mekarmukti yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 130 orang. Penentuan gejala ISPA pada balita berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi menggunakan kuesioner sedangkan pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam ruang menggunakan Haz dust EPAM 5000. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 dengan gejala ISPA pada balita (8,47 ; 3,52-20,36). Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi adalah status merokok (1,38; 0,58-3,26), jenis kelamin (1,22; 0,58-2,55), status gizi (1,64; 0,56-4,84), suhu (2,48; 0,97-6,32) dan kelembaban (1,96; 0,89-4,34). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa balita yang tinggal dalam rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 tidak memenuhi syarat memiliki risiko 15,71 kali mengalami gejala ISPA setelah dikontrol dengan variabel kelembaban dan pendapatan orang tua. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara konsentrasi PM2.5< dengan kejadian gejala ISPA pada balita. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengendalian dan pencegahan terhadap efek PM2.5 dengan konseling kesehatan lingkungan dan peningkatan promosi kesehatan terkait faktor risiko gejala ISPA pada balita.

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The concentration of PM2.5 in space affects health when inhaled by humans, especially in vulnerable groups such as toddlers. Toddlers who live in homes with concentrations of PM2.5 do not meet the requirements have a risk for the ARI symptoms. This research was conducted with a cross-sectional study design on children under five in the working area of ​​the Mekarmukti Public Health Center that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria as many as 130. Determination of ARI symptoms in toddlers based on the results of interviews and observations using a questionnaire while measuring the concentration of PM2.5 in the room using Haz dust EPAM 5000. The analysis was carried out using multiple logistic regression. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between the concentration of PM2.5 with ARI symptoms in toddlers (8.47 ; 3.52-20, 36). Other influencing factors were smoking status (1.38; 0.58-3.26), gender (1.22; 0.58-2.55), nutritional status (1.64; 0.56-4, 84), temperature (2.48; 0.97-6.32) and humidity (1.96; 0.89-4.34). Multivariate analysis showed that toddlers living in homes with PM2.5 concentrations did not meet the requirements had a risk of 15.71 times experiencing ARI symptoms after controlling for humidity and parental income variabels. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and the ARI symptoms in toddlers. Therefore, it is necessary to control and prevent the effects of PM2.5 with environmental health counseling and increased health promotion related to risk factors for ARI symptoms in toddlers."

"Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Atas (ISPA) adalah penyakit terbanyak di Puskesmas Pejuang tahun 2012, dengan Insiden Rate 9,58%. Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) merupakan salah satu faktor resiko penyebab ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PM10 udara rumah tinggal terhadap kejadian ISPA Balita. Metode penelitian cross sectional. Populasinya seluruh balita di kecamatan Medan Satria, sampelnya 130 balita. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan kadar rata-rata PM10 udara rumah tinggal sebesar 72μg/m3 dan terdapat 88 balita (67,7%) mengalami ISPA. Disimpulkan bahwa kadar PM10 yang tidak memenuhi syarat berpeluang 11,33 kali lebih besar terkena ISPA dibandingkan dengan kadar PM10 yang memenuhi syarat.

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Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) the first from ten ranks of most diseases in district Medan Satria in 2012, with Incidence Rate 9.58%. Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) is one of their risk factors of Acute Respiratory Infections. This research aims to know the effects of PM10 of Residential Air on respiratory events in toddlers. This research method using cross sectional. The population is the entire toddler in district Medan Satria, the sample are 130 toddlers. Measurement results obtained average PM10 levels air House of 72 μg/m3 and there are 88 toddlers experiencing respiratory. It was concluded that PM10 levels are not eligible have the opportunity to be a cause of respiratory infection in toddler by 11,33 times compared with PM10 in homes that meet the requirements."

"ABSTRAKAnak-anak merupakan kelompok umur yang memiliki risiko tinggi karenapencemaran particulate matter PM10. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian untukmelihat hubungan asupan pajanan PM10 dengan gejala gangguan pernafasan padaanak sekolah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini variabel intake pajanan particulate matter,jenis kelamin, umur dan status gizi diteliti pengaruhnya terhadap gejala gangguanpernafasan. Disain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, analisis datadilakukan dengan univariat dan bivariat terhadap 102 responden. Pengukuran PM10dilakukan selama 1 jam pada 4 titik sampling telah menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasiPM10 telah melampaui baku mutu sebesar 120,25 μg/m3. Sebanyak 43,1% respondenmengalami gejala gangguan pernafasan dan disimpulkan bahwa intake pajanan PM10yang tinggi berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala gangguan pernafasan denganpeluang 3 kali dibanding responden dengan intake pajanan rendah (p value =0,009).Hubungan antara intake PM10 dan gejala gangguan pernafasan dipengaruhi juga olehumur responden dengan p value 0,018.

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ABSTRACTChildren are within high risk age group of particulate matter PM10 exposure.Therefore, a study needs to be conducted to see the correction of PM10 exposureintake with respiratory symptoms in elementary students age group. In this study, theintake of the PM10 exposure, the gender, the age and the nutritional status areexamined to know their effects on the respiratory symptoms. The study design beingused is cross sectional, with univariat and bivariat analysis on 102 respondents. Themeasurement of PM10 carried out in 1 hour at 4 sampling points has shown that theconcentration of the PM10 has exceeded the standard quality of 120.25 μg/m3. A totalof 43.1% respondents are experiencing respiratory symptoms and it is concluded thathigh exposure intake of PM10 is significantly associated with respiratory symptomswith higher chances a chance of 3 times compared to respondents with low exposureintake (p value = 0.009). The relationship between the exposure of PM10 andrespiratory symptoms is also influenced by the age of the respondents with p value of0,018"

"PW10 adalah salah satu indikator pencemaran udara yang lazim digunakan saat ini. Pencemaran udara oleh PK° di luar ruangan terjadi akibat kegiatan industri, polusi kendaraan bermotor, pembukaan hutan dengan cara dibakar, letusan gunung berapi dan instalasi pembangkit tenaga listrik. Pabrik batako sebagai salah satu industri kecil, berpotensi menyumbang PM10 di lingkungan kerja, yang jika tidak diwaspadai dapat merugikan kesehatan pekerja, diantaranya gejala infeksi saluran penafasan akut (ISPA). Desain study cross sectional digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pajanan PM10 pabrik batako dengan gejala ISPA pada pekerja pabrik batako di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Sebanyak 165 pekerja dari 30 pabrik batako menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM1o pabrik dan parameter lain, seperti kelembaban udara, kepadatan rumah, luas ventilasi, karakteristik responden, seperti umur, status gizi dan kebiasaan merokok serta gejala ISPA diukur dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bemakna antara PK10 dan gejala ISPA pekerja pabrik batako (p=000, OR=7,60). Juga ada hubungan bermakna antara kebiasaan merokok dengan gejala ISPA (p=0,002, 0R=4,42) dan kelembaban rumah dengan gejala ISPA (p=0,009, OR.=3,18). Pemerintah dan pihak terkait perlu melakukan pernantauan terhadap kualitas udara pabrik batako dan melakukan penyuluhan untuk mencegah atau meminimalkan darnpak kesehatan yang mungkin terjadi akibat pencemaran udara pada pabrik batako.

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PM10 is air pollution indicator which often used for ambient particulate. Air pollution caused by PM10 in out of room is able to be caused by industry activities, vehicle pollution, forest for burning, mountains eruption and generator instalation. A brick factory has a great chance to contribute PIN/110 on its environment. It would have a bad health impact, among other thing is symptom of ARI (Accute Respiratory Infection).

Cross sectional study used in this research aims to know about relationship between PK° exposure of brick factory with ART symptom on its worker in Banyuasin Regency. 165 workers from 30 brick factory became respondent in this research. Besides, PMID concentration measuring of brick factory and others parameter was tested, such as air humidity, house density, large of ventilation, including respondent characteristic ( ages, nutrient status, smoking habit).

The result of this research indicates that Pivlio has strong relationship with ART symptom of brick factory workers (p=000, OR=7,60), then smoking habit variable (p=0,002, OR=4,42) and house humidity (p-- 1,009, OR=3,18). Brick factory workers with standard PMio concentration has a great chance to have ART symptom 7,6 times higher than a factory with low PK') concentration. Smoking habit of the workers will have chance 4,5 times higher to have ARI symptom than un-smoking workers. And for the workers who live in un-fulfill humidity area have a big chance to have ARI symptom 3 times higher than they who live in standard humidity house. In this research, hope the government and related instances are monitoring to the air quality of brick factory and giving much information to avoid and minimize bad health impact which might be caused by air pollution in brick factory. "

"Pendahuluan: ISPA sering disalahartikan sebagai infeksi saluran pernafasan atas, padahal ISPA tidak hanya menyerang saluran pernafasan atas namun juga mencakup saluran pernafasan bawah. Infeksi adalah masuknya kuman atau mikroorganisme ke dalam tubuh manusia dan berkembang biak hingga menimbulkan penyakit saluran pernafasan mulai dari hidung hingga alveoli beserta adneksanya seperti sinus-sinus, rongga telinga tengah dan pleura.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor karakteristik individu dan lingkungan terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study (studi potong lintang), jumlah sampel 163 balita, lokasi penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pancasan, waktu penelitian dari tgl 27 April-30 Mei 2019.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 41,1% balita menderita ISPA, secara statistik variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA adalah jenis kelamin (OR:2,89) dan umur (OR:2,04).Kesimpulan: Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA pada balita baik dari karakteristik balita, karakteristik orangtua, karakteristik lingkungan fisik rumah dan sarana pelayanan kesehatan itu sendiri.Saran: Pentingnya peran petugas kesehatan terutama meningkatkan kesadaran orangtua dalam memelihara dan menjaga kesehatan anak, memelihara kesehatan lingkungan serta adanya kerja sama lintas program serta lintas sektor.

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Introduction: ARI is often misinterpreted as upper respiratory tract infection, whereas ARI does not only attack the upper respiratory tract but also includes the lower respiratory tract. Infection is the entry of germs or microorganisms into the human body and proliferates to cause respiratory tract diseases ranging from the nose to the alveoli and their adnex such as the sinuses, middle ear cavity and pleura.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of individual and environmental characteristic factors on the incidence of ARI in infants.

Method: This study used a cross sectional study design, the number of samples of 163 toddlers, the study location in the work area of the Pancasan Health Center, the time of the study from 27 April to 30 May 2019.

Results: The results showed 41.1% of children under five suffered ARI, statistically the variables associated significantly with the incidence of ARI were gender (OR: 2.89) and age (OR: 2.04).

Conclusion: Many factors can influence the incidence of ARI in infants, both from the characteristics of children under five, parental characteristics, characteristics of the physical environment of the home and the health service facilities themselves.

Suggestion: The importance of the role of health workers especially to increase parents awareness in maintaining and maintaining children`s health, environment health and the existence of cross-program and cross-sector cooperation."

"Tingkat konsentrasi NO2, SO2, dan PM10 di Kecamatan Taman Sari selalu mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan secara fluktuatif tahun 2006-2013, bahkan konsentrasi PM10 telah melampaui baku mutu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat konsentrasi NO2, SO2 dan PM10 di udara ambient dengan kejadian ISPA Penduduk di Kecamatan Taman Sari tahun 2006-2013. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah studi ekologi time trend dengan metode uji korelasi dan regresi. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat konsentrasi SO2 (nilai p = 0,002) dan PM10 (nilai p =0,031), dengan persamaan garis regresi yang diperoleh dapat menjelaskan 8,2% jumlah kasus ISPA disebabkan konsentrasi SO2 dan 1,5% jumlah kasus ISPA disebabkan konsentrasi PM10. Sedangkan antara konsentrasi NO2 dengan jumlah kejadian ISPA tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna (nilai p = 0,194). Tingkat konsentrasi PM10 dan SO2 dapat mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan preventif guna mengontrol tingkat pajanan dan jumlah kejadian ISPA.

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The quality of air pollution in Taman Sari district such as level concentration of NO2, SO2 and PM10 always fluctuatly increase and decrease, moreover PM10 concentration have been exceed the maximum value level. The objection of this study is to know the association between level concentration of NO2, SO2 and PM10 in ambient with ARI occurrence at resident in Taman Sari district in 2006-2013. This study used time series study with correlation and regression test method.

The result of analysis indicated that level concentration of SO2 (p value = 0,002) and PM10 (p value = 0,014) had significant related to amount of ARI occurrence.The equation line explained that 8,2% of ARI occurrence caused by SO2 and 1,5% of ARI occurance caused by PM10. Meanwhile, level concentration of NO2 didn’t have significant related to ARI occurrence (p value = 0,194). The level concentration of SO2 and PM10 influence ARI occurrence. Therefore, the preventive actions need to do in order to control exposure level and ARI occurrence."

"Kebisingan merupakan salah satu faktor yang cukup penting dalam hubungannya dengan kesehatan masyarakat. Kebisingan dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada fisiologis, psikologis, patologis organis dan komunikasi. Penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar perlintasan rel kereta api memiliki resiko tinggi terpapar akibat kebisingan dari kereta api. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh pajanan kebisingan dari perlintasan kereta api terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada masyarakat yang yang tinggal di lingkungan sekitar Stasiun Kereta. Api Lemahabang, Desa Simpangan, Kecamatan Cikarang Utara, Kabupaten Bekasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 36 orang, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara responden, pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, dan pemeriksaan tekanan darah sebelum dan ketika kereta api melintas dan pengukuran intensitas kebisingan di sekitar stasiun kereta api. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji Chi Square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistic ganda. Kondisi kebisingan rata-rata di area < 10 meter dari rel kereta api adalah 94,8 dan > 10 meter adalah 80,05 dBA. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kebisingan dengan perubahan tekanan darah sistolik nilai p value 0,001 dan diastolik nilai p value 0,029. Dari hasil penelitian disarankan agar PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) dapat memanfaatkan lahan kosong di sepanjang rel kereta api untuk dilakukan penanaman vegetasi yang dapat mereduksi intensitas kebisingan dan dilakukan program penyuluhan akibat kebisingan bagi kesehatan masyarakat yang tinggal di pinggiran rel kereta api.

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Noise is one factor that is important in relation to public health. Noise can cause health problems in the physiological, psychological, pathological organic and communication. Residents who live near railroad crossings are at high risk of exposure due to the noise from the train. This study was conducted to see the effect of noise exposure from railroad crossings to changes in blood pressure in people who are living in the neighborhood Lemahabang Railway Station, Kp. Kaum Tengah, Kec. Cikarang Utara, Kab. Bekasi.

This research is a descriptive analytic crosssectional approach. Number of samples 36 people, collecting data by interviewing respondents, measurement of weight and height, and blood pressure before and when the train passed and measurement noise intensity around the railway station. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square and multivariate test with multiple logistic regression. Average noise conditions in the area <10 meters from the train tracks is 94.8 dBA and> 10 meters is 80.05 dBA.

The results of this study showed no significant influence of noise with changes in systolic blood pressure P value of 0.001 and P value 0.029 diastolic. From the results of the study suggested that PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) can utilize the vacant land along the railroad tracks to planting vegetation to reduce the intensity of noise and noiseinduced conducted outreach programs for the health of people living in the outskirts of the railroad."