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"Studi ini menganalisis bagaimana upaya ganti rugi dan penegakan hukum terhadap tindakan Pump and Dump dalam kasus PT Jiwasraya. Studi ini menarik karena kejaksaan memblokir semua rekening efek yang terkait dengan kasus korupsi yang dilakukan oleh PT Jiwasraya, dan juga hingga sekarang belum ada upaya terkait ganti rugi akibat tindakan Pump and Dump tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan normative serta lapangan bersifat deskriptif analisis. Data yang diteliti terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tertier. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa belum adanya penegakan aturan hukum pada kasus PT Jiwasraya terkait Pump and Dump, dimana pihak kejaksaan memblokir seluruh rekening efek termasuk miliki para investor tanpa dipisah terlebih dahulu, dan juga belum adanya bentuk ganti rugi bagi para pihak yang tekena dampak dari kasus Pump and Dump tersebut merupakan bentuk tidak adanya perlindungan hukum sehingga sampai sekarang para investor tidak dapat menerima kembali sejumlah saham yang telah diinvestasikan di PT Jiwasraya, dan belum menerima ganti rugi akibat tindakan Pump and Dump tersebut

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This study analyzes how to compensate and enforce the law against Pump and Dump actions in the PT Jiwasraya case. This study is interesting because the prosecutor's office blocked all securities accounts related to the corruption case carried out by PT Jiwasraya, and also until now there has been no attempt to compensate for the Pump and Dump action. This study uses a normative approach and a descriptive field analysis method. The data studied consisted of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This study shows that there is no law enforcement in the PT Jiwasraya case related to Pump and Dump, where the prosecutor's office blocked all securities accounts including those of investors without being separated beforehand, and also there is no form of compensation for the parties affected by the Pump and Dump case. is a form of the absence of legal protection that until now investors cannot receive back the number of shares that have been invested in PT Jiwasraya, and has not received any compensation due to the Pump and Dump action."

"Manipulasi saham merupakan suatu perbuatan mengenai perilaku ilegal di pasar keuangan untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Kejahatan terhadap pasar modal memasuki fase yang mengerikan, modus pelaku mengikuti perkembangan dunia, dampak dari kejahatan manipulasi bisa merugikan pasar secara keseluruhan. Manipulasi saham dilakukan dengan berbagai metode dan cara, secara garis besar perbuatan manipulasi terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu action-based manipulation, information-based manipulation, dan transaction-based manipulation. Saham sebagai salah satu instrumen penggerak perekonomian, memerlukan regulasi dan penegakan hukum yang optimal untuk mencegah praktik manipulasi dan menjamin berjalannya pasar modal yang adil dan efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan menitikberatkan pada tipologi micro comparison. Perbandingan dilakukan dengan menitikberatkan pada mekanisme murni dari unsur mikro hukum yaitu melihat keberlakuan regulasi dan penegakan hukum antara Indonesia dengan Hong Kong dengan mencantumkan beberapa kasus. Hasil perbandingan ditemukan bahwa dari segi regulasi, beberapa tindakan manipulasi pada pengaturan di Hong Kong belum diatur dalam peraturan Indonesia, seperti pengaturan cross border secara khusus dalam Securities and Futures Ordinance. Selain itu, setelah melakukan analisis terhadap beberapa kasus dijumpai upaya penegakan hukum dilakukan oleh instansi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan khususnya dalam pengenaan delik dan penjatuhan sanksi. Di Hong Kong terdapat pengadilan khusus yang mengadili perkara pelanggaran pasar bernama Market Misconduct Tribunal. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa usulan reformulasi regulasi terhadap peraturan di Indonesia, perlu menambahkan bidang penggunaan alat atau skema perbuatan manipulasi saham terutama dalam penggunaan teknologi dan jaringan, menambahkan bidang lintas batas dan menambahkan pembatasan terhadap transaksi frekuensi tinggi berskala besar. Selain itu, perlu pengaturan terhadap whistle-blowing dan pengadilan ekonomi.

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Stock manipulation is an act of illegal behaviour in the financial market for profit. Crimes against the capital market are entering a terrible phase, the mode of the perpetrator follows the development of the world, and the impact of manipulation crimes can harm the market as a whole. Stock manipulation is carried out by various methods and means, broadly speaking, the act of manipulation is divided into three, specifically action-based manipulation, information-based manipulation, dan transaction-based manipulation. As one of the instruments driving the economy, the capital market requires optimal regulation and law enforcement to prevent manipulation practices and ensure a fair and efficient capital market. This research uses a normative method using literature studies and focuses on the typology of micro comparison. The comparison is carried out by emphasising the pure mechanism of micro-legal elements, namely looking at the applicability of regulations and law enforcement between Indonesia and Hong Kong by listing several cases. The results of the comparison found that some acts of manipulation in Hong Kong regulations have not been regulated in Indonesian regulations, such as cross-border arrangements specifically in the regulation Securities and Futures Ordinance. In addition, after analyzing several cases, it was found that law enforcement efforts were carried out by agencies, and there were significant differences, especially in the imposition of offence and sanctions. In Hong Kong, there is a special court that tries market misconduct cases called the Market Misconduct Tribunal. The research concludes that there are several proposals for regulatory reformulation of regulations in Indonesia, it is necessary to add the field of using tools or schemes for stock manipulation, especially in the use of technology and networks, adding cross-border fields and adding restrictions on large-scale high-frequency transactions. In addition, it is necessary to regulate whistle-blowing and economic courts."

"Tindakan anti persaingan usaha seringkali menimbulkan kerugian bagi beberapa pihak, seperti konsumen atau pesaing usaha. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan timbulnya hak atas ganti kerugian. Namun, di Indonesia belum banyak pihak yang menyadari bahwa dalam hukum persaingan usaha terdapat mekanisme private enforcement untuk memperoleh ganti rugi, serta belum ada ketentuan yang mendorong penggunaan private enforcement. Hal tersebut sangat disayangkan karena di Amerika Serikat mekanisme private enforcement menjadi alat untuk perolehan ganti rugi yang paling populer dengan berbagai keuntungan serta kemudahan yang ditawarkan. Di sisi lain, Uni Eropa yang juga memberlakukan ketentuan perihal private enforcement ditemukan banyak kendala dan hambatan dalam penerapannya, sehingga penggunaan public enforcement tetap menjadi pemain utama dalam penerapan hukum persaingan usaha. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan analisa kualitatif terhadap penerapan mekanisme private enforcement dalam hukum penegakan usaha di Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa. Ketentuan serta penerapan di Amerika Serikat akan dijadikan sebagai bahan rujukan dalam penerapan private enforcement di Indonesia.

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Several antitrust infringements will harm several parties, for example consumers or competitors. It will consequently give the rights to get compensation. However, only a few people who aware of this rights and also there is no supportive regulations for individual to do these private actions. This is unfortunate because United States of America USA has private enforcement mechanism, which is really popular in order to obtain competitions. USA also gives many advantages and convenience through this mechanism. On the other hand, European Union EU has also imposed the provision on private enforcement. In comparison of implementation in USA and EU, EU has several obstacles. Therefore, public enforcement still takes major parts in enforce EU antitrust law. This research is a normative and legal research with the using of qualitative analysis of regulations and applications of private enforcement in both jurisdictions. In the end, it will be references in the application of private enforcement in Indonesia. "

"Pelayanan kesehatan secara hukum memiliki tujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat atas kehidupan yang sehat. Idealnya, hal ini dilakukan oleh dokter dengan memberikan tindakan yang didasarkan sesuai diagnosa yang dilakukan. Ada kalanya dokter melakukan tindakan medis dengan kelalaian ataupun kesalahan sehingga menyebabkan kerugian bagi pasien yang ditanganinya, baik berupa materiil maupun immateriil. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis doktriner dengan membandingkan ketentuan ganti rugi keperdataan dalam hal malapraktik kedokteran di Indonesia dan di Spanyol dengan membandingkan berbagai ketentuan seperti Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-undang Kesehatan, Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia, Kode Perdata Spanyol, Undang-undang Sektor Publik Spanyol, Undang-undang Kedokteran Spanyol, Kode Deontologis Medis Spanyol, serta peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya. Melalui penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ketentuan hukum Indonesia mengenai ganti rugi perdata dalam hal malapraktek kedokteran perlu untuk dispesifikasi lagi, yaitu dalam hal perluasan ruang lingkup ganti rugi yang tidak hanya terbatas pada kerugian langsung, serta dalam hal kewajiban dokter untuk memiliki jaminan keuangan untuk menjamin dikompensasikannya kerugian yang dialami pasien sebagai akibat dari tindakan dokter yang lalai maupun tidak sesuai kode etik.

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Health care legally aims to fulfil people's need for a healthy life. Ideally, this is done by doctors by providing actions that are based on the diagnosis made. There are times when doctors perform medical actions with negligence or errors that cause harm to the patients they handle, both in the form of material and immaterial. This research is written using the doctrinaire juridical method by comparing the provisions of civil compensation in the event of medical malpractice in Indonesia and Spain by comparing various provisions such as the Civil Code, Health Law, Indonesian Medical Code of Ethics, Spanish Civil Code, Spanish Public Sector Law, Spanish Medical Law, Spanish Medical Deontological Code, as well as other laws and regulations. Through this research, it can be concluded that the Indonesian legal provisions regarding civil compensation in the event of medical malpractice need to be further specified, namely in terms of expanding the scope of compensation that is not only limited to direct losses, as well as in terms of the doctor's obligation to have financial guarantees to ensure compensation for losses suffered by patients as a result of the doctor's negligent actions or not in accordance with the code of ethics."

"Sejak terjadinya Revolusi Industri di Inggris, yang ditandai dengan peralihan sisem tenaga kerja manual yakni menggunakan tenaga manusia dan hewan menjadi tenaga mesin, beberapa sektor usaha perdagangan seperti tekstil, pertambangan, transportasi kereta api mulai beralih ke teknologi mesin.Oleh karena besarnya manfaat yang dirasakan dengan ditunjangnya hasil produksi dan kemajuan di sektor pembangunan fisik, fenomena Revolusi Industri ini pun berkembang dengan pesat hingga ke negara-negara seperti Eropa Barat, Amerika Utara, dan Jepang, serta ke seluruh dunia. Meski demikian, pengaruh modernisasi besar-besaran rupanya memunculkan berbagai masalah, salah satunya adalah peningkatan polusi udara sebagai akibat dari produk buangan industri yang menimbulkan lingkungan yang tidak sehat. Di samping itu, produksi limbah cair yang tidak terolah dengan baik juga menimbulkan masalah lingkungan yang cukup serius, yakni tercemarnya air yang menjadi media pembuangan sehingga merugikan makhluk hidup yang menggantungkan hidup dari air buangan seperti ikan dan manusia. Dalam hal ini, terdapat beberapa kasus yang diambil sebagai akibat dari pencemaran limbah tersebut, misalnya terdapat kasus tercemarnya air tanah di wilayah Hinkley akibat terkontaminasinya air tanah dengan limbah yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan minyak Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) . Sementara itu di Indonesia terdapat kasus PT. Inti Teksturindo Megah yang telah mengalirkan air limbah ke Kali Citarik tanpa diproses terlebih dahulu melalui Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Akibatnya, sejumlah biota air seperti ikan, kura-kura dan hewan lainnya mati, dan warga masyarakat mengalami luka bakar, gatal-gatal dan melepuh, sebagaimana bukti Visum et Repertum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana bentuk keterlibatan korporasi dan/atau pengurus korporasi.Dalam penelitian ini bentuk penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah yuridis normatif, yang didasarkan kepada bahan kepustakaan dan juga peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalamputusan 155/PID.SUS/2013/PN.CMS, Majelis Hakim mengakui peran korporasi dalam tindakan tersebut dan menjatuhkan hukuman kepada individu serta korporasi sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban atas perbuatan tersebut. Walaupun jika melihat bentuk hukuman yang dijatuhkan, terdapat kegamangan dari karena adanya pengganti pidana kurungan.

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Since the Industrial Revolution in England, which was marked by the shift from a manual labor system, namely using human and animal power to machine power, several trade business sectors such as textiles, mining and rail transportation have begun to switch to machine technology. Because of the large benefits felt by the support of production results and progress in the physical development sector, the Industrial Revolution phenomenon is growing rapidly to other countries, such as Western Europe, North America and Japan, as well as throughout the world. However, the influence of massive modernization has apparently given rise to various problems, one of which is an increase in air pollution as a result of industrial waste products which create an unhealthy environment. Apart from that, the production of liquid waste that is not properly treated also causes quite serious environmental problems, namely the contamination of water which is used as a disposal medium, thereby harming living creatures that depend on waste water for their living, such as fish and humans. In this case, there are several cases taken as a result of waste pollution, for example there is a case of groundwater contamination in the Hinkley area due to groundwater contamination with waste produced by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) oil company. Meanwhile in Indonesia there is a case of PT. Inti Teksturindo Megah has channeled waste water into the Citarik River without prior processing through the Waste Water Treatment Plant (IPAL). As a result, a number of aquatic biota such as fish, turtles and other animals died, and community members experienced burns, itching and blisters, as evidenced by the Visum et Repertum. This research aims to find out what forms of corporate involvement and/or corporate management take. In this research, the form of research used by the author is normative juridical, which is based on library material and also related laws and regulations. The results show that in decision 155/PID.SUS/2013/PN.CMS, the Panel of Judges acknowledged the role of corporations in these actions and imposed penalties on individuals and corporations as a form of responsibility for these actions. Even if you look at the form of punishment imposed, there is uncertainty on the part of the Panel of Judges to impose a crime on an individual or corporation, because there is a substitute for imprisonment."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang melimpah. Lebih dari 10-20 jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia berada di wilayah Indonesia. Namun sekarang ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa factor yang salah satu diantaranya adalah banyaknya jumlah perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia. Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya mengatur bahwa perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi sebagai suatu tindak pidana. Indonesia yang meratifikasi CITES pada tahun 1978 juga harus mengikuti ketentuan CITES dalam mengatur dan mengupayakan perlindungan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi.Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan ilegal Trenggiling sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Sejak bulan Oktober 2016, Trenggiling telah dimasukkan dalam daftar Appendiks I CITES sehingga perdagangan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil maupun keadaan luar biasa. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan Trenggiling masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan penegakan hukum dalam peraturan nasional masih belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak aparat penegak hukum yang belum menyadari dan mengerti secara penuh ancaman terhadap ekosistem ketika perdagangan satwa liar marak terjadi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan ilegal satwa liar ini.

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Indonesia is a country which has high biodiversity.10 20 of plant and animal species in this world are exist in Indonesia. But nowadays the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factor, one of which is the number of illegal wildlife trade in Indonesia which grows rapidly. Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems rules that trading protected species is a crime. Indonesia as a country who has ratified CITES in 1978 should follow the convention to sought the regulation which create the law to protect wildlife species.

This thesis will take case study of Pangolin Manis javanica illegal trade. Since October 2016, Pangolin has been put to the list of Appendix I CITES which means the trade of this species is prohibited except for non commercial purpose or extraordinary reasons. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Indonesia Law cannot be executed optimally. This can happen because many of the law enforcers do not fully understand the threats of wildlife illegal trade to the ecosystem destruction. So it is necessary to improve all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such wildlife trade."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai tindak pidana manipulasi pasar di bidang pasar modal yang dilakukan oleh Benny Tjokrosaputro dan Heru Hidayat dalam perjanjian Kontrak Pengelolaan Dana (KPD) investasi yang dimiliki Jiwasraya atau dikenal dengan Kasus Jiwasraya. Asuransi Jiwasraya memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mengelola asetnya secara tepat. Namun demikian, ditemukan pelanggaran terkait pengelolaan investasi yang dilakukan baik oleh pengurus perseroan maupun manajer investasi. Penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan peraturan perundang- undangan dan putusan hakim sebagai bahan hukum primer serta digunakannya buku, artikel, dan pendapat ahli sebagai bahan hukum sekunder. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya tindak manipulasi pasar berjenis pump and dump dan painting the tape pada Kasus Jiwasraya yang dilakukan dengan mengabaikan prinsip Good Corporate Governance. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan aparat penegak hukum pada Kasus Jiwasraya tidak menggunakan peraturan mengenai pemidanaan tindak pidana manipulasi pasar meskipun saksi ahli menyatakan adanya hubungan antara tindak pidana manipulasi pasar dengan tindak pidana pada Kasus Jiwasraya. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menyarankan agar dilakukan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: (i) meneliti lebih lanjut beragam bentuk tindak manipulasi pasar sebagai bahan untuk menyusun peraturan terkait tindak manipulasi pasar lebih lanjut; (ii) pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan oleh Komisaris Jiwasraya lebih lanjut dengan melibatkan Kementerian BUMN terutama dalam pengelolaan investasi; dan (iii) diadakannya penelitian dan seminar untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tindak pidana manipulasi pasar di kalangan aparat penegak hukum.

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This thesis discusses how market manipulation as the criminal act which carried out by Benny Tjokrosaputro and Heru Hidayat on the Fund Management Contract or known as the Jiwasraya Case. Jiwasraya has the responsibility to manage its assets properly. However, there are several violations about investment management which are found by the Jiwasraya management and the investment manager. This study uses a normative juridical method which used statutory regulations and judge’ decisions as the primary legal materials also used the secondary legal materials such as books, articles, and the law expert’s opinion. This thesis concludes that there is two type of market manipulation which happened on the Jiwasraya Case such as pump and dump and painting the tape as the Jiwasraya management ignored the Good Corporate Governance principles. In addition, this thesis also concludes that the law enforcer did not use the appropriate law for the case even though the expert has stated that there was market manipulation on the Jiwasraya case. Through this research, the author suggest several things should be done: (i) further researching about various forms of market manipulation as the material for drafting more market manipulation law; (ii) further implementation of the supervisory function by the Jiwsraya Commissioner by involving the Ministry of BUMN; and (iii) holding research and seminars to increase knowledge of criminal acts of market manipulation among law enforcer."

"Pembangunan ekonomi berdampak pada timbulnya kejahatan korporasi di masyarakat yang tanpa disadari telah merugikan masyarakat. Kejahatan ini salah satunya adalah kejahatan di Pasar Modal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapan suatu keterbukaan informasi dari suatu korporasi dalam hal penawaran umum dapat dikategorikan sebegai penyesatan informasi terhadap publik, siapa pihak yang berwenang melakukan penyelidikan dan penyidikan apabila ada dugasn terdapat penyesatan keterbukaan informasi terhadap publik dalam penawanan umum, dan bagaimana penyelesaian dalam hal adanya dugaan penyesatan keterbukaan informasi yang dilakukan oleh korporasi dan tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk melindungi para pembeli saham. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu menggambarkan dan menganalisis ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang berhubungan dengan keterbukaan informasi dalam rangka Penawaran Umum di Pasar Modal, dengan contoh kasus PT Adaro dan Penegakan hukum pidana oleh Bapepam. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu dengan mengkaji data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan keterbukaan informasi dalam rangka penawaran umum di Pasar Modal dilengkapi dengan data primer berupa wawancara kepada beberapa pihak. Penelitian ini sampai kepada kesimpulan, korporasi melakukan penyesatan informasi kepada publik karena tidak menyampaikan fakta material dari segi hukum di dalam prospektus walaupun korporasi telah menyampaikan laporan keuangan kepada publik, penyelidikan dilakukan oleh kepolisian, penyidikan dilakukan oleh Bapepam berkoordinasi dengan kepolisian selaku korwas, sanksi yang sering diterapkan oleh Bapepam adalah sanksi administratif walaupun adanya sanksi pidana. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut dapat disarankan hal-hal sebagai berikut; perlunya diamandemen UUPM dengan memasukkan upaya pengembalian kerugian korban melalui disgorgement, di reposisinya Bapepam dan dijadikan satu atap dengan kepolisian dan kejaksaan, sena Bapepam harus bijaksana dalam penegakan hukum dengan tidak hanya melindungi investor namun juga masyarakat.

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The development of economics has an impact on the corporate crime in the society that unconsciously have becn caused a loss to the society. One type of this crime is a Capital market. This research has a purpose to know when an disclosure from a Corporation in the case of initial public offering can be categorized as misleading information to public, who the authorised side carries out preliminary investigation and investigation if having the assumption is gotten misleading information against the public in the public offer, and how solution in the matter of the existence of the assumption misleading information that is carried out by the Corporation and the action that can be done to protect the buyers of the share. This Research has the character of descriptive analytical that is depicting and analysing of law the rules of disclosure in order to initial public offering in Capital market, with the example of the PT. Adaro case and criminal Law Enforcement by Bapepam. The research that uses the juridical approach normative that is by studying the secondary data that is linked with disclosure in initial public offering in Capital Market; is supplemented with the primary data take the form of the interview to several sides. This Research till to conclusion, Corporation conducts misleading information to the public because not submit the material fact from the aspect of the law in the prospectus although Corporation have submitted financial statement to the public, preliminary investigation is conducted by police force, investigation is conducted by Bapepam coordination with police force as the supervision co-ordinator, sanction that often applied by Bapepam is administrative sanction although existence of crime sanction. based on this conclusion can be suggested by matters as follows; the need in the UUPM arnendment by putting retum efforts of casualties’s loss through disgorgement, in his re-position of Bapepam and is made to be under the same roof with police and the attomey general's office, as well as Bapepam must be wise in law enforcement with only do not protect the investor but also the society."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alamnya yang tinggi. Tercatat bahwa negara Indonesia memiliki 10-20% dari jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia. Namun dewasa ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Terancamnya kehidupan mereka disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah maraknya perdagangan satwa liar khususnya untuk satwa liar yang dilindungi di Indonesia. Kegiatan perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi merupakan tindak pidana menurut undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya. Terlebih lagi, Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) pada tahun 1978 melalui Keputusan Presiden No. 43 tahun 1978, yang pada intinya Konvensi ini memberikan mekanisme internasional untuk mengatur perdagangan satwa liar. CITES mengatur dan mengawasi perdagangan dengan menggunakan ?daftar negatif? seperti perdagangan semua spesies yang diperbolehkan dan tidak diatur kecuali spesies tersebut muncul di appendiks. Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sulphurea) sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Burung ini termasuk satwa yang dilindungi dan juga termasuk dalam Appendiks I CITES. Oleh karena itu baik perdagangan dalam negeri dan untuk tujuan ekspor adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar sebagaimana diatur dalam UU No.5 Tahun 1990 belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak para penegak hukum yang belum memahami secara penuh ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati ketika banyak terjadi perdagangan illegal satwa liar yang dilindungi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan di semua faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan tersebut.ABSTRACTIndonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade., Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.]"

"Tugas Karya akhir ini membahas mengenai tindakan penegakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam memberantas tindakan yang tergolong kepada Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated IUU Fishing sebagai upaya menjaga kedaulatan wilayah laut Indonesia. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini berfokus kepada langkah-langkah penegakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam upaya memberantas IUU Fishing yang terjadi wilayah laut Indonesia, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori sistem hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Lawrence M. Friedman. Hasil dari tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap IUU Fishing yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia telah memenuhi ketiga unsur sistem hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Lawrence M. Friedman sebagai indikator yang menentukan efektif atau tidaknya suatu penegkan hukum. Adapun ketiga unsur sistem hukum tersebut adalah unsur struktur hukum yang ditandai dengan adanya institusi yang melaksanakan penegakan hukum terhadap IUU Fishing, kemudian unsur substansi dan kultur hukum yang ditandai dengan terciptanya peraturan-peraturan hukum, yang diiukuti dengan sikap tegas dan komitmen pemerintah Indonesia dalam melaksanakan penegakan hukum dalam upaya menjaga kedaulatan wilayah laut.

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This final paper discusses about law enforcement actions conducted by the Government of Indonesia in eradicating the actions that considered Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated IUU Fishing in an effort to maintain the Indonesia marine territorial sovereignty. Therefore, this paper focuses on law enforcement measures conducted by the Government of Indonesia in an effort to eradicate IUU fishing that occurs in Indonesia sea territory, which are then analyzed using the legal system theory propounded by Lawrence M. Friedman. The results of this paper show that law enforcement against IUU fishing implemented by the Government of Indonesia has met the three elements of the legal system propunded by Lawrence M. Friedman as an indicator that determines whether the law enforcement is effective or not. The three elements of the legal system is an element of the legal structure that is characterized by the institutions that implemented law enforcement against IUU fishing, then the element of substance and legal culture that is characterized by the creation of legal regulations, which followed with the attitude and commitment of the Government of Indonesia in performing law enforcement in an effort to maintain the marine territorial sovereignty."