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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh health belief model (persepsi kerentanan, persepsi keparahan, persepsi keuntungan, persepsi halangan, self-efficacy, dan cues to action) dan perceived social support (keluarga, teman, dan significant others) terhadap perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 (perilaku mempromosikan kebersihan dan perilaku menghindari kontak sosial) pada populasi usia produktif di Jabodetabek. Sebanyak 192 partisipan mengisi tiga kuesioner self-report pada bulan April 2021. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa dua komponen dari variabel health belief model, yaitu persepsi halangan dan self-efficacy, memengaruhi perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 berupa perilaku mempromosikan kebersihan, F(9,182) = 6,075, p < 0,05. Selanjutnya, tiga komponen dari variabel health belief model, yaitu persepsi keuntungan, persepsi halangan, dan self-efficacy, dan dua sumber perceived social support, yaitu keluarga dan teman, memengaruhi perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 berupa perilaku menghindari kontak sosial, F(9,182) = 8,958, p < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kebijakan pemerintah perlu difokuskan pada eliminasi halangan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 dan kampanye berupa ajakan interaksi sosial secara daring, terutama pada perempuan dan usia muda, supaya kebutuhan dukungan sosial tetap terpenuhi dan di saat yang sama tetap melindungi keluarga dan orang terdekat yang berisiko terinfeksi virus Covid-19.

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This research examined the effect of health belief model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, and cues to action) and perceived social support (family, friends, and significant others) on Covid-19 preventive behavior (promoting hygiene and cleaning and avoiding social closeness) in the working age population in Jabodetabek. A total of 192 participants completed the self-report questionnaire in April 2021. The analysis result of multiple linear regression showed two components of health belief model, that is perceived barrier and self-efficacy, predicted Covid-19 preventive behavior in the form of promoting hygiene and cleaning, F(9,182) = 6,075, p < 0,05. In addition, three components of health belief model, that is perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy, and perceived social support from family and friends predicted Covid-19 preventive behavior in the form of avoiding social closeness, F(9,182) = 8,958, p < 0,05. Based on these results, government policy should aim on the elimination of Covid-19 preventive behavior’s barriers and campaign about online social interaction, especially for women and young adults, so they can fulfill their need of social support while also protecting family and significant others who have high risk of being infected by Covid-19 virus.

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"Untuk menekan laju pandemi Covid-19, serangkaian tindakan pencegahan, baik promotif maupun interventif dilakukan. Dari variabel pencegahan dari anak kecil hingga lansia terus dilakukan sosialisasi. Akan tetapi, cukup banyak variabel risiko bagi kelompok lansia yakni komorbid dan umur lansia. Lalu, bagaimana pada individu yang tinggal dengan lansia? Penelitian ini menilik perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 pada individu yang tinggal dengan lansia melalui lensa Health Belief Model (HBM) dan persepsi individu terhadap kerentanan lansia terhadap infeksi Covid-19.Dari 305 partisipan penelitian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan model konseptual HBM dan persepsi individu terhadap kerentanan lansia terhadap infeksi Covid-19 dapat menjelaskan hampir 25% (R² = 0,247) varians dari perilaku pencegahan Covid-19. Dua variabel ditemukan signifikan dalam memprediksikan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19, yaitu perceived benefits dan cues to action. Maka apabila individu mengetahui bahwa melakukan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 memiliki banyak keuntungan dan tersadarkan dengan informasi terkait pencegahan Covid-19, ia akan lebih cenderung untuk melakukan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19.

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To suppress the Covid-19 pandemic, a series of preventive measures, both promotive and interventive were taken. From small children to the elderly, socialization continues to be carried out. However, there are quite a lot of risk factors for the elderly group, namely comorbid and elderly age. Then how about individuals living with the elderly? This research looks at the Covid-19 preventive behavior in individuals living with the elderly through the lens of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and individual perceptions of the susceptibility of the elderly to Covid-19 infection.

Of the 305 research participants, the research results show that the Health Belief Model conceptual model and individual perceptions of the elderly's vulnerability to Covid-19 infection can explain almost 25% (R² = 0.247) the variance of Covid-19 prevention behavior. Two variables were found to be significant in predicting Covid-19 prevention behavior, namely perceived benefits and cues to action. Therefore, if the individual knows that carrying out Covid-19 preventive behavior has many advantages and is awakened with information related to Covid-19 prevention, he will be more inclined to carry out Covid-19 preventive behavior."

"Preventive health behavior penting untuk dilakukan karena dapat mencegah individu terinfeksi COVID-19 dan dapat menurunkan tingkat penularan COVID-19. DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan jumlah kasus COVID-19 terbanyak di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk memahami faktor yang memengaruhi preventive health behavior masyarakat DKI Jakarta. Salah satu teori yang bisa digunakan untuk memprediksi preventive health behavior adalah teori Health Belief Model. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa komponen Health Belief Model mana yang berpengaruh terhadap preventive health behavior masyarakat provinsi DKI Jakarta selama pandemi COVID-19. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada partisipan yang berisi alat ukur preventive health behavior (Kim, & Kim, 2020) dan Health Belief Model (Shahnazi et al., 2020). 189 orang berusia minimal 19 tahun yang tinggal di DKI Jakarta berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan multiple regression dengan IBM SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived severity (β = 0,140, p = 0,046), perceived barriers (β = -0,281, p = 0,000), cues to action (β = 0,129, p = 0,049), dan self-efficacy (β = 0,217, p = 0,002) dapat memprediksi preventive health behavior. Sedangkan, perceived susceptibility dan perceived benefits tidak dapat memprediksi preventive health behavior. Dengan kata lain, semakin individu meyakini adanya konsekuensi apabila terkena COVID-19 (perceived severity); semakin rendah aspek negatif yang menghalangi individu untuk melakukan preventive health behavior (perceived barriers); semakin banyak stimulus yang diperoleh individu (cues to action); dan semakin individu merasa yakin akan kemampuannya untuk melakukan preventive health behavior (self-efficacy), maka semakin tinggi pula preventive health behavior-nya. Selain itu, komponen health belief model yang paling kuat memprediksi preventive health behavior adalah perceived barriers.

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Preventive health behavior is important because it can prevent individuals from being infected with COVID-19 and can reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19. DKI Jakarta is the province with the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that influence the preventive health behavior of the citizens of the DKI Jakarta province. One theory that can be used to predict preventive health behavior is the Health Belief Model. This study aims to analyze which components of the Health Belief Model affect the preventive health behavior of the citizens of the DKI Jakarta province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out online by distributing questionnaires to participants containing preventive health behavior (Kim, & Kim, 2020) and the Health Belief Model (Shahnazi et al., 2020) measurement tools. 189 respondents with a minimum age of 19 years and living in DKI Jakarta participated in this study. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression with IBM SPSS. The results showed that perceived severity (β = 0,140, p = 0,046), perceived barriers (β = -0,281, p = 0,000), cues to action (β = 0,129, p = 0,049), and self-efficacy (β = 0,217, p = 0,002) predicts preventive health behavior. Meanwhile, perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits can not predict preventive health behavior. In other words, the more individuals believe there are consequences if they are infected to COVID-19 (perceived severity); the lower the negative factors that prevent individuals from carrying out preventive health behavior (perceived barriers); the more stimulus the individual gets (cues to action); and the more individual feel confident in their ability to perform preventive health behavior (self-efficacy), the higher their preventive health behavior. In addition, the component health belief model that most strongly predicts preventive health behavior is perceived barriers."

"Cara terbaik untuk tetap bertahan hidup di tengah masa pandemi COVID-19 ini adalah dengan sama sekali tidak tertular melalui pemberlakuan protokol kesehatan, namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak individu yang lalai melaksanakan protokol kesehatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perceived threat dan self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat pencegahan COVID-19 terhadap kemunculan perilaku sehat pencegahan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini melibatkan 372 partisipan mahasiswa melalui accidental sampling. Data penelitian ini diambil secara daring selama pandemi berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived threat dan self-efficacy berhubungan secara signifikan dengan perilaku sehat pencegahan COVID-19, yang dimana pengaruh yang lebih besar diberikan oleh perceived threat pada kemunculan perilaku sehat anti COVID-19.

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The best way to survive in the COVID-19 pandemic is not being infected at all through the enforcement of health protocols, but there are still many individuals who neglect to implement these health protocols. This study aims to determine the role of perceived threat and self-efficacy in the COVID-19 preventive health behavior to the emergence of COVID-19 preventive health behavior among college students in Indonesia. This study involved 372 college students through accidental sampling. The research data was collected online during the pandemic. The results showed that perceived threat and self-efficacy were significantly related to COVID-19 preventive health behavior, which greater effect was caused by the perceived threat"

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa kesehatan dan non-kesehatan di Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa kesehatan dan non-kesehatan ditinjau dari teori health belief model. Variabel yang diteliti adalah perilaku pencegahan COVID-19, faktor pemodifikasi (usia, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan) dan persepsi individu (persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan dan self efficacy). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 110 orang mahasiswa kesehatan dan non-kesehatan dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 68% mahasiswa kesehatan memiliki perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 yang baik dan 31.6% memiliki perilaku pencegahan yang kurang baik. Sedangkan mahasiswa non-kesehatan yang memiliki perilaku pencegahan yang baik adalah 59.7% dan 40.3% memiliki perilaku pencegahan yang kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 (p=0.020).

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This study discusses about the preventive health behaviours of COVID-19 among students majoring in health and non-health sciences Universitas Indonesia. The objective of this study was to look preventive health behaviour COVID-19 among students majoring in health and non-health sciences based of health belief model. Variabels in this study including preventive behaviour, modifying factors (Age, sex, and knowledge), individual perceived (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, dan perceived barriers and self efficacy). This study using quantitative approaches and cross sectional study methods.The total samples of this study is 110 people of students majoring in health and non-health sciences with purposive sampling method. The result showed that 68% students majoring health sciences are having good preventive behaviour and 31.6% have enough preventive behaviour, while 59.7% the student majoring non-health science have good preventive behaviour and 40.3% have enough preventive behaviour. There was significant associations between sex with preventive health behaviour of COVID-19 (p=0.020)"

"Studi pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan dari determinan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 berdasarkan model kepercayaan kesehatan pada masyarakat kelompok usia >15 tahun di Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Sebanyak 315 responden yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling berpartisipasi dengan melakukan pengisian kuesioner berbasis online melalui google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada masyarakat usia > 15 tahun di Jakarta Timur dikategorikan baik dengan proporsi sebesar 50.8%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan pada variabel persepsi mengenai hambatan (p-value 0.001) dan isyarat untuk bertindak (p-value 0.001). Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa perlu adanya optimalisasi pada edukasi terkait COVID-19 dan perilaku pencegahan yang baik dan benar melalui media sosial serta menjalin kemitraan dengan perangkat daerah di wilayah setempat.

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This study was conducted to see the relationship between determinants of COVID-19 prevention behavior based on the health belief model among people aged >15 years in East Jakarta. This study uses quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 315 respondents who were selected using purposive sampling participated by filling out online-based questionnaires via google form. The results showed that the implementation of COVID-19 prevention behavior in people aged > 15 years in East Jakarta was categorized as good with a proportion of 50.8%. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there was a significant relationship on the perceived barriers (p-value 0.001) and cues to action (p-value 0.001). The results of the study suggest that there is a need for optimization of education related to COVID-19 and preventive behavior through social media as well as establishing partnerships with regional officials in the local area."

"Upaya masyarakat dalam menghindari perilaku yang berisiko untuk terinfeksi COVID-19 dan mencari informasi mengenai faktor yang mempengaruhinya penting untuk menghentikan penularan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor persepsi individu dan juga faktor Karakteristik Individu terhadap perilaku berisiko COVID-19 pada masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan di Provinsi Jawa Barat pada tanggal 14-21 Juli 2021 dan menggunakan desain studi cross sectional, dengan total 544 responden terkumpul dengan kuesioner google form berisikan pertanyaan mengenai persepsi individu dan perilaku berisiko terkait COVID-19 yang disebarkan secara online yang disebarkan melalui sosial media (Instagram, line, telegram, dan lainnya). Data akan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan software aplikasi uji statistik. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Chi Square menunjukan bahwa variabel persepsi kerentanan (p-value=0,001; OR=1,809; CI 95%=1,287-2,541), persepsi keparahan (p-value=0,000; OR=2,132; CI 95%=1,514-3,002), persepsi manfaat (p-value=0,000; OR=1,854; CI 95%=1,319-2,607), persepsi hambatan (p-value=0,000; OR=0,364; CI 95%=0,277-0,517) dan efikasi diri (p-value=0,001; OR=2,128; CI 95%=(1,496-3,028) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku berisiko COVID-19. Sedangkan variabel jenis kelamin (p-value=0,044; OR=1,479; CI 95%=1,010-2,166) dan tingkat pendidikan (p-value=0,004; OR=0,610; CI 95%=0,434-0,858) adalah faktor karakteristik individu yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku berisiko COVID-19. Perilaku berisiko terkait COVID-19 pada masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan persepsi kerentanan, persepsi keparahan, persepsi manfaat, persepsi hambatan, efikasi diri, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan.

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The community's efforts to avoid behaviors that are at risk of being infected with COVID-19 and seek information that influence it are important to be exposed to transmission. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual perception factors and individual characteristic factors on COVID-19 risk behavior in West Java Province. This research is a quantitative study conducted in West Java Province on July 14-21 2021 and uses a cross sectional study design, with a total of 544 respondents collected using a google form questionnaire containing questions about individual perceptions and risk behaviors related to COVID-19 distributed online. distributed through social media (Instagram, line, telegram, and others). The data will be analyzed by univariate and bivariate using statistical test application software. The results of the study using Chi Square showed that the variable perception of vulnerability (p-value = 0.001; OR = 1.809; 95% CI = 1.287-2.541), perceived severity (p-value = 0.000; OR = 2.132; 95% CI = 1.514-3.002 ), perceived benefits (p-value=0.000; OR=1.854; 95% CI=1.319-2.607), perceived barriers (p-value=0.000; OR=0.364; 95% CI=0.277-0.517) and self-efficacy (p -value=0.001; OR=2.128; 95% CI=(1.496-3.028) has a significant relationship with COVID-19 risk behavior. Meanwhile, gender (p-value=0.044; OR=1.479; 95% CI=1.010 - 2.166) and education level (p-value = 0.004; OR = 0.610; 95% CI = 0.434-0.858) are individual characteristic factors that have a significant relationship with risk behavior for COVID-19. 19. -19 in the community in West Java Province, Indonesia has a significant vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, gender, and level of education"

"Perubahan rutinitas dan pembatasan interaksi sosial yang terjadi selama pandemi Covid-19 turut memperburuk kesehatan mental seseorang (Kudinova et al., 2021). Perceived social support dapat melindungi seseorang dari masalah kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu hubungan kedua variabel selama pandemi Covid-19 pada individu emerging adulthood yang berusia 18-25 tahun dan merupakan Warga Negara Indonesia yang tinggal di Indonesia. Menggunakan metode korelasional, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan masalah kesehatan mental memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan perceived social support r (249) = -,417 p < ,001, dimana tiap sumber dan kombinasi perceived social support yang tinggi dapat menurunkan tingkat masalah kesehatan mental individu emerging adulthood selama pandemi Covid-19.

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Changes in routine and restrictions on social interaction that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic also worsened a person's mental health (Kudinova et al., 2021). Perceived social support can protect a person from mental health problems. The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between the two variables during the Covid-19 pandemic in emerging adulthood who are 18-25 years old and are Indonesian citizens living in Indonesia. Using the correlation method, the results showed that mental health problems had a significant negative correlation with perceived social support r (249) = -,417 p < .001, where each source and combination of perceived social support could reduce the level of mental health problems."

"ABSTRAKProvinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan wilayah episentrum penyebaran COVID-19 dengan kasus tertinggi di Indonesia, untuk itu diperlukan upaya perilaku pencegahan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perilaku pencegahan penularan COVID-19 masyarakat DKI Jakarta ditinjau dari variabel yang ada di dalam teori Health Belief Model. Penelitian dengan pendekatan metode kuantitatif, desain cross sectional, dilakukan pada 320 orang yang berusia 15-64 tahun dan diambil secara quota sampling dari 5 wilayah DKI Jakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode responden mengisi kuesioner secara mandiri yang dilakukan secara online dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat telah melakukan sebagian besar perilaku pencegahan penularan COVID-19 dengan baik seperti pada penggunaan masker setiap keluar rumah, menerapkan etika batuk, mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir saat sebelum makan, setelah makan, setelah menggunakan kamar mandi, setelah beraktivitas dan menyentuh benda, serta mencuci tangan minimal 20 detik, menggunakan hand sanitizer, tetap di rumah ketika sakit, menghindari berjabat tangan, memberi jarak 1-2 meter dengan orang lain, menghindari kegiatan yang melibatkan banyak orang, menghindari tempat dan kendaraan umum, dan menghindari berpergian ke zona merah. Hal ini karena pengetahuan masyarakat tentang upaya pencegahan COVID-19 sudah tinggi, namun masih rendah mengenai penggunaan tisu alkohol dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk dapat tertular COVID-19. Masyarakat pada umumnya mempersepsikan COVID-19 penyakit yang serius bagi dirinya dan merasa dirinya rentan untuk tertular COVID-19. Umumnya masyarakat tidak merasa ada hambatan untuk melakukan perilaku pencegahan, dan mayoritas menganggap tindakan pencegahan COVID-19 bermanfaat bagi dirinya serta mereka merasa mampu untuk melakukan tindakan pencegahan. Perlu meningkatkan edukasi atau sosialisasi yang efektif dan konsisten melalui berbagai media untuk pengetahuan dan perilaku yang masih kurang baik, melakukan penyuluhan tentang cara pakai masker yang benar, serta meningkatkan penerapan kebijakan dan kedislipinan di semua sektor.

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ABSTRACT

The DKI Jakarta Province is the epicenter of the spread of COVID-19 with the highest cases in Indonesia, for this reason prevention efforts are needed in the community. This study aims to see the prevention measures for the transmission of COVID-19 in the people of DKI Jakarta in terms of the variables in the Health Belief Model theory. Research with a quantitative method approach, cross sectional design, was conducted on 320 people aged 15-64 years and was taken by quota sampling from 5 areas of DKI Jakarta. Data were collected using the respondent's method of giving a questionnaire which was conducted online and analyzed descriptively. The results of community research have done most of the prevention of COVID-19 transmission well, such as using masks every time you leave the house, applying cough etiquette, washing hands with soap and running water before eating, after eating, after using the bathroom, after activities and objects , as well as washing hands for at least 20 seconds, using hand sanitizers, staying at home when sick, avoiding shaking hands, giving 1-2 meters distance from other people, avoiding activities that involve many people, avoiding public places and transportation, and avoiding traveling to the zone red. This is because public knowledge about efforts to prevent COVID-19 is high, but still low regarding alcohol use and the time it takes to catch COVID-19. Society in general complicates COVID-19, a serious disease for itself and susceptible to COVID-19. Of the society does not feel there are obstacles to taking precautions, and stopping COVID-19 prevention measures is beneficial for them and they feel capable of taking preventive measures. It is necessary to increase effective and consistent education or socialization through various media for knowledge and behavior that is still inadequate, conduct counseling on how to use masks properly, and increase the implementation of policies and discipline in all sectors."

"ABSTRAK

Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh keyakinan kesehatan seseorang terhadap kepatuhan mereka untuk memenuhi rekomendasi mereka untuk pengobatan (TC) diabetes tipe 2. Penelitian ini melibatkan 153 partisipan dengan rentang usia 21 hingga 76 tahun dan berdomisili di wilayah Jabodetabek. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengisi kuesioner yang disebarkan langsung (offline) ke dua rumah sakit di Jakarta dan juga online melalui link yang disebarkan di media sosial. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Health Belief Model Scale (Tan, 2004), Treatment Compliance Scale (Demirtaş & Akbayrak, 2017), dan Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale Updates untuk Tahun 2019 (Saleem, 2019). Hasil analisis regresi menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan bahwa (1) persepsi suseptibilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TC (b1 = 0,277; p> 0,05), (2) persepsi keparahan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap TC (b2 = -2,031 ; p <0,01), (3) manfaat yang dirasakan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap TC (b3 = 0,328; p <0,05), (4) hambatan yang dirasakan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap TC (b4 = -1,279; p < 0,01), (5) tindakan terkait kesehatan yang direkomendasikan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TC (b5 = -0,368; p> 0,05). Ukuran efek dari penelitian ini adalah f2 = 0.134. Selain itu, temuan lain dari hasil kontrol statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin, usia, dan SES memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan TC dan merupakan prediktor kuat TC pada diabetisi tipe 2 di Jabodetabek.

ABSTRACT

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