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"Tourism is an important sector in developing countries to support economic growth, and coastal areas are famous destinations in tourism. The plan and design for Balekambang coastal area as a tourism destination in East Java, Indonesia has been formulated and published. However, it seems lack ecological and social perspectives. This study examines coral reefs structure as one of the ecological parameter and tourist perspectives as social parameter for destination development evaluation. Twently belt-transect were established along balekambang coastline, and then divided into three sections, the east, the centre and the west sections. Every belt-transect was 200m in length and consist of 15 plots 1x2m. The tourist perspectives to Balekambang were determined using questionnaire among 234 respondent. Based on the Morisita similarity index, the coral reef of east section consists of 2 zones, the centre consists of 5 zones and west section consists of 4 zones. The shannon diversity index (H') among zones at every location was ranged. The diversity index of the east section ranged from 2.07 to 2.72, the central section ranged from 1.32 to 4,20, and the west section ranged from 3.13 to 4.20. Zones that were close to the coastline had lowest diversity indices than zones that located far from the coastline. Mostly, tourists stated that Balekambang was interesting, but the attraction of tourism should be added. Respondent knew there were forest surrounding Balekambang, and it has the possibility to develop as tourism destination. These findings argue that the forest conversion to cottage area that planned by the local government in the west section should be reviewed. It seems forest in the west section should be developed as a forest patk to meet tourist needs and redistribute tourist concentration in the coastline."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang analisa implementasi kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata di wilayah pesisir Wabula Kabupaten Buton yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Buton. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa tidak berkembanganya Kepariwisataan di Wabula disebabkan oleh implementasi kebijakan kepariwisataan yang dilakukan oleh aparatur Pemerintah Daerah tidak berjalan optimal serta lemahnya manajemen pengelolaan pariwisata yang diterapkan oleh Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang membuat pariwisata menjadi tidak berkembang, seperti kurangnya kunjungan wisatawan, kurangnya fasilitas dan pelayanan, aksesbilitas yang kurang memadai, dan tata kelola pariwisata yang dilakukan oleh pihak pemerintah belum memberikan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir Wabula.

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This thesis raised the analysis of tourism development policy implementation at Wabula coastal district, Buton which are made by the Regional Government of Buton. The results of this research showed that the reasons why Wabula tourism did not developed are firstly, because of the local government apparatus did not implementing tourism policies optimally and lack of tourism management implemented by the Department of Culture and Tourism. There are several factors that make tourism does not develop, such as the lack of tourist traffic, lack of facilities and services, inadequate accessibility and tourism management conducted by the government. All of that factors has not been able to improve the welfare of the people in Wabula coast."

"ABSTRAKHal yang mendasari penelitian ini bahwa secara holistik, pertambahan penduduk dan aktivitas manusia telah mendorong menurunnya kualitas lingkungan. Laju pertambahan penduduk merupakan masalah pokok dalam perkembangan permukiman yang menuntut peningkatan kebutuhan akan tersedianya air bersih sebagai sumber kehidupan. Sedangkan perumahan ataupun bangunan sebagai sarana untuk berlindung atau melakukan kegiatan lain. Di samping itu perilaku masyarakat juga ikut menentukan terhadap kualitas lingkungan.Perkembangan permukiman menunjukkan bahwa antara luasan bangunan dan liputan bangunan (building coverage) sebagai permukiman tidak sebanding dengan kemampuan ketersediaan air bersih dalam mensuplai akan kebutuhan yang diperlukan.Sejauh ini kawasan pariwisata pantai Pangandaran dalam perkembangannya mempunyai potensi untuk dapat menarik wisatawan dan pertambahan penduduk. Daya tarik lingkungan pantai kawasan pariwisata ini cenderung dieksploitasi secara berlebihan (over exploited) bila tidak dikendalikan secara terencana dan hati-hati. Indikasi adanya eksploitasi lingkungan secara tidak terencana terlihat dengan banyaknya pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata. Implikasi dari kenyataan tersebut merupakan perlakuan terhadap keseimbangan ekologis tata air menjadi tidak terkontrol.Oleh karena itu, perkembangan permukiman daerah Pangandaran merupakan konsekuensi logis dari pembangunan. Perkembangan permukiman kawasan Pangandaran akan cenderung mengarah kepada skala kota sebagai tantangan dan permasalahan pembangunan.Dari uraian tersebut timbul suatu permasalahan, khususnya berkaitan dengan informasi tentang daya dukung air tanah serta penataan permukiman di samping kondisi perilaku masyarakatnya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu penilaian terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas air tanah. Selanjutnya mengkonversikan ' kuantitas air tanah terhadap kebutuhan ruang dari jumlah penduduk, dan bagaimana hubungannya kondisi air tanah dengan perilaku masyarakat.Tujuan penelitian adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui daya dukung dalam hal kuantitas dan kualitas air tanah; 2) untuk mengukur kebutuhan ruang, dalam hal ini jumlah luas bangunan berdasarkan kuantitas air tanah; 3) untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku masyarakat dalam pelestarian lingkungan air tanah.Jenis data yang diperlukan adalah data fisik dan data sosial. Data fisik untuk kuantitas air tanah dilakukan dengan uji pemompaan atau pemulihan Theis (Theis Recovery) dengan menggunakan alat Automatic Water Level Recorded (AWLR) dan pengeboran dengan Auger Hole. vntuk kualitas air tanah dilakukan analisis laboratorium. Data sosial dilakukan dengan random sampling. Besarnya sampel adalah sebesar 225 responden. Adapun populasi diambil dari proporsi 3 (tiga) registrasi desa yang merupakan kawasan pariwisata yaitu Desa Pangandaran, Desa Pananjung, dan Desa Babakan. Dalam analisis data sosial, untuk melihat adanya korelasi antara kondisi air tanah dengan perilaku masyarakat digunakan metode regresi berganda.Kesimpulan umum hasil penelitian ini adalah; kawasan pariwisata Pangandaran saat ini masih terjaga kondisi lingkungan air tanahnya, walaupun tingkat kesadaran masyarakatnya terhadap lingkungan relatif masih rendah. Namun demikian pada tahun mendatang ± 2018 perlu diantisipasi kondisi air tanahnya, dengan memperhatikan tingkat kedatangan wisatawan dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang mungkin terjadi.Secara parsial dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Kawasan pariwisata pantai Pangandaran menurut Schmidt dan Ferguson termasuk tipe A. Dengan kata lain, daerah penelitian tidak pernah terjadi periode bulan kering; 2) Klasifikasi nilai infiltrasi 80,4 mm/jam, menurut Richard dan Cossens > 53 mm/jam (tingkat infiltrasi sangat tinggi) daerah penelitian merupakan daerah umpan (recharge area) yang sangat baik; 3) Umpan air tanah yang berasal dari air hujan sebesar 4.304.995 m3/tahun. Selain dari air hujan, air tanah daerah penelitian berasal dari daerah di atasnya; 4) Pengukuran air tanah dengan metode pemulihan Theis (Theis Recovery Method) dan metode lobang pengeboran (Auger Hole Method) menghasilkan debit air tanah maksimum sebesar 57.693,40 m3/hari, sedangkan debit optimum sebesar 40.385,38 m3/hari. Adapun setiap Ha adalah sebesar 32,7 m3/hari; 5) Debit air tanah selama' kurun waktu 12 tahun terjadi penurunan setiap Ha sebesar 0,13 m3/hari; 6) Mengambil sampel wawancara dari penduduk sebesar 225 orang dapat dihasilkan pemakaian air per orang sebesar 115,65 1/hari. Adapun terhadap pengunjung dengan sampel sejumlah 25 orang atau 20% dari pengunjung rata-rata yang menginap per hari adalah sebesar 109,57 1/hari; 7) Berdasarkan debit air tanah optimal dan pemakaian air orang per hari dapat dihasilkan pengguna air tanah pada lokasi penelitian sebesar 349.112 orang; 8) Kualitas air tanah secara umum memenuhi syarat sebagai air minum. Masuknya air laut ke daratan (water intrusion) pada daerah penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Ghyben-Herzberg sampai saat ini belum terjadi. Semakin jauh dari pantai, semakin dalam posisi garis singgung antara air tanah tawar dengan air tanah asin (interface). Pada jarak 500 m dari pantai kedalaman interface berkisar 10 m, sehingga dapat dipastikan untuk tidak mengambil air tanah melebihi kedalaman 10 m pada jarak tersebut; 9) Dengan pengguna air tanah pada lokasi penelitian sejumlah 349.112 orang, dibutuhkan ruang untuk bangunan maksimum sebesar 29.674.520 m2. Sedang dengan liputan bangunan {Building Coverage) sebesar 40% di dapat jumlah lantai sejumlah 4 (empat) lantai dengan koefisien lantai bangunan (Floor Area Ratio/ FAR) sebesar 0,4 untuk bangunan perumahan permukiman dan 0,63 untuk bangunan hotel; 10) Perilaku masyarakat kawasan pariwisata Pangandaran dapat memperburuk kuantitas dan kualitas air tanah, dengan kata lain perkembangan permukiman di kawasan tersebut mampu mempengaruhi air tanah; 11) Sebagian besar kepedulian masyarakat di kawasan pariwisata Pangandaran terhadap lingkungan "relatif rendah". Hal ini terbukti bahwa hanya sebanyak 38% yang membuang sampah ditempat sampah sedang sisanya dengan cara lain. Adapun untuk limbah cair hanya 30% yang membuat septic tank dengan peresapan sedang sisanya dengan cara lain.

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ABSTRACT

The basis of this research is that holistically the population increase and human activities have caused deterioration of the environment quality. The rate of population increase is a major problem in settlement development, which demand an increase in water availability as a means for protection and performing other activities. Besides, the community behavior also determines the environment quality.

The settlement development indicates that it is not balanced between building area and building coverage with ability to provide to clean water in order to supply the needs.

So, far, the tourism area of Pangandaran beach in its development has a potential to attract tourists and population increase. The tourism beach area attractiveness tend to be overexploited if it' is not controlled with a well planned and coutious activities. The indication that there is environment exploitation can be seen in various tourism accommodation facilities development.

The implication of the fact is a treatment of water system ecological equilibrium which is not control.

Therefore, the settlement development in Pangandaran area is a logical consequence of the development. The Pangandaran area settlement development tends toward a city scale as a challenge and development problem.

From the above description there is one problem, especially those related with information regarding the ground water support capability and settlement arrangement, beside the community behavior condition. Therefore, an appraisal of quality and quantity of ground water is needed. Then how to convert the ground water quality to demand for space due to population increase, what is the relationship between ground water condition and the community behavior.

The purpose of the research is 1) to recognize the support capability in terms of quantity and quality of, ground water; 2) to measure the demand for space, in this case the building area based on the ground water; 3) to identify the community behavior in conservation of the ground water environment. The type of data needed is physical data and social data. In order to obtain the physical data for the ground water quantity, a Theis Recovery pumping test is performed by using AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder) and boring with Auger Hole. In order to obtain the ground water quality a laboratories analysis is performed. 'The social data is obtained by random sampling. The number of sample is estimated around 225 respondents. While the population is taken proportionately from 3 registration villages which include in the tourism area that is Pangandaran, Pananjung and Babakan. In analysis of the social data in order to see the corelationship between the ground water condition and the community behavior we use a multiple regression method.

The general conclusion of the research is that : the ground water environment condition of Pangandaran tourism area currently is still well maintained, even though the community awareness toward the environment is still relatively low. However, in the next 2018 the ground water condition should be anticipated, by considering the tourists flow and the possible population increase.

Partially it can be concluded that: 1) The Tourism area of Pangandaran beach according to Schmidt and Ferguson includes in type A area. In other words, in the research area never happened a dry month period; 2) The infiltration value classification is 80.4 mm/hour, according to Richard and Cossens > 53 mm/hour (the infiltration rate is very high). The researched area is a very good recharge area. 3)' The recharge area which results from rainfall which is 4,304,995 m3/year. Beside the rainfall, the ground water of the researched area results from the above area; 4) The ground water measurement with Theis Recovery Method and Auger Hole Method produce the ground water discharge of maximum 57,693.40 m3/day, and so the optimum water discharge is 40,385.38 m3/day. While each hectare of the maximum water discharge is 32.7 m3/day; 5) The ground water discharge during the 12 years period decrease 0.13 m3/day for each Ha; 6) Having taken interview samples from 225 population the water consumption is 115.65 1/day. While sampling on 25 visitors or 20% of the average visitors that stay overnight, the water consumption is 109.57 1/day; 7) Based on optimum the ground water discharge and individual daily water consumption, the supporting capability is 349,112 people; 8) The ground water quality in general satisfies as drink water. The water intrusion from the sea in the researched area by using the Ghyben-Herzberg method until now has not occurred. The farther from the coast area, the deeper the position of the tangential point between the fresh ground water and the salt ground water (interface). At a distance of 500 m from the coast area, the interface is about 10 in, that it can be certain that it is not allowed to take the ground water at a distance greater than 10m; 9) With the supporting capability of 349,112 people, the space building needed is 29,674,520 m2. With Building Coverage 40% we found out the stories is 4 with Floor Area Ratio of 0.4 for housing building and 0.63 for hotel building; 10) The behavior of the community in the Pangandaran tourism area can deteriorate the quantity and quality of the ground water; 11) The concern of the people in the Pangandaran tourism area toward the environment is "relatively low". This turns out that only 38% of the people that pitch the garbage in its place while the rest pitch in other place. While for liquid waste is only 30% which make the septic tank including infiltration while the rest pitch in other ways.

Pages : xxiii Introduction, 141 Contents, 29 Tables, 9 Figures, 56 Appendics."

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ABSTRAK

Nama : Komang Ayu Henny AchjarProgram Studi : Program Doktoral Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas IndonesiaJudul Pengembangan Model Keperawatan Wisatawan Pantai (KWP) melalui Pos Kesehatan Pantai (Poskespan) untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Balawista, Keselamatan dan Kepuasan Wisatawan di Provinsi Bali.Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang dikelilingi pantai, potensi besar berkembangnya pelayanan wisata. Risiko kecelakaan yang terjadi pada wisatawan dan masyarakat di area khusus pantai sebenarnya dapat direduksi melalui pencegahan primer dan pencegahan sekunder, dan menjadi kewenangan tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas di Puskesmas yang mewilayahi pantai, salah satunya peran perawat komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui pos kesehatan pantai (Poskespan) untuk meningkatkan perilaku balawista, keselamatan dan kepuasan wisatawan di pantai Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali. Desain penelitian ini adalah riset operasional dengantiga tahap yaitu Tahap I identifikasi masalah, tahap II pengembangan model dan modul, tahap III uji coba model keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui Pos Kesehatan Pantai (Poskespan) menggunakan studi penelitian kuantitatif quasy experiment pre post test with control group, dengan tehnik sampling cluster sampling. Model pengembangan keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui Poskespan dilakukan di pantai kecamatan Kuta Tengah kabupaten Badung yaitu Kuta, Legian dan Seminyak, pada 59 balawista dan 720 wisatawan. Uji statistik yang digunakan chi square, uji t, General Linier Model-Repeated Measure (GLM-RM). Terbentuknya model keperawatan wisatawan pantai melalui poskespan berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi 14 tema dan studi literatur menggunakan integrasi community as parthner model ke dalam precede model, menggunakan strategi keperawatan komunitas yaitu pendidikan kesehatan, parthnership, empowerment capacity building. Hasil uji didapatkan ada pengaruh model keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui Poskespan terhadap perilaku balawista, keselamatan dan kepuasan wisatawan, sehingga diharapkan model ini dapat dijadikan salah satu upaya kesehatan bersumberdaya masyarakat (UKBM) pada kelompok khusus masyarakat pantai di Indonesia dengan melibatkan peran perawat puskesmas yang mewilayahi pantai untuk supervisi kegiatan luar gedung Puskesmas/ pendampingan ke Poskespan.Kata Kunci : Keperawatan wisatawan pantai, perilaku, keselamatan, kepuasan

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ABSTRACT

Name : Komang Ayu Henny AchjarStudy program Doctoral Program Faculty of Nursing, University of IndonesiaTitle The Development of Coastal Tourism Nursing (CTN) through Coastal Health Post (Poskespan) to Improve Behavior of Balawista, Tourists Safety and Satisfaction in Bali Province.Indonesia is an archipelagic country surrounded by the beach, and it is a great potential development of tourism services. The risk of accidents occurring on tourists and the public in a special area of the beach actually can be reduced through primary prevention and secondary prevention, and be the authority of the health personnel of health centers on duty at the beach, one of them is a community nurse role. This study aims to develop coast tourist nursing (CTN) model through coastal health post (Poskespan) to the behavior of Balawista, safety and satisfaction of tourists on the Badung regency beach in Bali province. This desain is operational research through in three phases, namely Phase I problem identification, phase II model development and manufacture of modules and phase III trials of coastal tourism nursing (CTN) model, used quantitative research studies “quasy pre-post test experiment with control group”, with a cluster sampling technique. A coastal tourism nursing (CTN) through coastal health post (Poskespan) model in sub-district Central Kuta beach, Badung Regency, which were Kuta, Legian and Seminyak, at 59 Balawista and 720 tourists. The statistical test used chi square, t test, General Linear Model Repeated Measure (GLM-RM). The establishment of Coastal Tourism Nursing (CTN) model through Coastal Health Post (Poskespan) based on the results of exploration of 14 themes and literature studies using the integration of community as parthner model into precede model, use strategic community of nursing as health education, parthnership, empowerment and capacity building. The test results found that there was an effect of coastal tourism nursing (CTN) through coastal health post (Poskespan) to the Balawista behavior, safety and satisfaction of tourists, so expect this Poskespan model can be used as one of the efforts Community Based Health (UKBM) on a special group in the Indonesian coastal communities by involving nurse in public health center to supervise activities outside the community health center building / mentoring to Poskespan.Keywords: Coastal tourism nursing, behavior, safety, satisfaction

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