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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status gizi kelompok lanjut usia yang menderita hiperlipidemia. Suatu studi dengan rancangan ‘cross sectional’ dilakukan di 4 kota besar di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metoda ‘multistage random sampling’. Jumlah responden 656 orang lanjut usia hiperlipidemia dan non- hiperlipidemia, yang merupakan sub-sampel dari 1261 responden pada penelitian yang lebih besar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri dan analisa biokimia darah. Penentuan status gizi menggunakan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kriteria, berat badan kurang IMT ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, berat badan normal IMT 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2, berat badan lebih IMT 25 – 29.9 kg/m2, dan obesitas IMT ≥ 30 kg/m2. Untuk menentukan status lemak darah, kriteria yang digunakan, hiperlipidemia adalah yang kadar total kolesterolnya ≥ 240 mg/dl dan atau kadar trigliseridanya ≥ 200 mg/dl. Prevalensi hiperlipidemia pada lanjut usia wanita lebih tinggi dari pria. Status gizi lanjut usia dengan hiperlipidemia pada umumnya adalah berat badan lebih (60.4%) dan obesitas (57.1%) pada lanjut usia pria; dan terutama dengan berat badan normal (59.1%) dan berat badan lebih (59.5%) pada lanjut usia wanita. Prevalensi hiperlipidemia diantara lanjut usia pria dan wanita dengan berat badan kurang didapatkan cukup tinggi, masing-masing 38.7% dan 31.6%. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 97-100)

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The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of hyperlipidemics elderly. A cross sectional study was undertaken in 4 big cities in Indonesia using multistage random sampling. The respondents were 656 hyperlipidemics and non hyperlipidemics elderly who were the subsample of 1261 sample of a larger population study. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements and biochemical blood analysis. To determine the nutritional status by Body Mass Index (BMI) the criteria used for elderly men and women are as follows, underweight BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, normoweight BMI 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2, overweight BMI 25 – 29.9 kg/m2, and obese BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. To determine lipid status, the criteria used are as follows, hyperlipidemics elderly, those who had plasma total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl and or triglycerides ≥ 200 mg/dl. Prevalence of hyperlipidemics in elderly women is higher then elderly men, 56.2% vs 47.0%. The BMI of hyperlipidemics is mostly overweight (60.4%) and obese (57.1%) for elderly men; and mostly normoweight (59.1%) and overweight (59.5%) for elderly women. The prevalence of hyperlipidemics among undernourished elderly men and women were also quite high, 38.7% and 31.6% respectively. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 97-100)"

"Kelebihan berat badan dan Obesitas adalah suatu masalah kesehatan yang sedang bertumbuh pesat, terutama pada negara-negara berkembang. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) adalah suatu indeks sederhana dari berat badan per tinggi badan yang sering digunakan untuk mengklasifikasi kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas pada orang dewasa. Mahasiswa kedokteran, terutama mahasiswa kedokteran dari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FMUI) rentan mendapatkan masalah kelebihan berat badan. Studi ini adalah sebuah cross-sectional study yang membandingkan fungsi faal paru (FVC, FEV1, dan FEV1/FVC) antara individu-individu yang berberat badan normal atau kurang dengan individu-individu yang kelebihan berat badan ataupun obese. Didapatkan jumlah sampel sebesar 40 subjek yang terdiri dari 22 orang laki-laki dan 18 orang perempuan yang menunjukkan nilai FVC dan FEV1 yang lebih tinggi pada orang yang mengalami kelebihan berat badan ataupun obesitas pada laki-laki dan perempuan dibandingkan dengan mereka yang diklasifikasikan sebagai berberat badan normal atau kurang. Namun, persentase FEV1/FVC lebih rendah pada grup laki-laki dan perempuan yang kelebihan berat badan atau obese dibandingkan dengan laki-laki dan perempuan yang berberat badan normal atau kurang. Perbedaan-perbedaan yang telah dijabarkan di atas tersebut bagaimanapun juga tidak signifikan secara statistic, kecuali pada skor FVC di grup laki-laki antara individu berberat badan normal atau kurang dengan individu-individu yang kelebihan berat badan ataupun obese (p=0.031). Riset lanjutan yang lebih mendalam dalam lingkup efek dari IMT terhadap fungsi faal paru masih sangat dibutuhkan dan riset ini dapat menjadi sebuah studi pendahuluan untuk riset yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang.

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Overweight and obesity is currently a growing health problem, especially in developing countries. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. Medical students, especially student of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI), are prone to get overweight problems.

This study was a cross-sectional study which compares lung function (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) between normal and underweight people with overweight or obese people. Total of 40 subjects which comprised of 22 males and 18 females were obtained, which shows higher FVC and FEV1 score for overweight or obese males and females compared to their counterparts. The FEV1/FVC percentage on the other hand, was lower in overweight or obese group than in normal or underweight group.

The differences however, was not statistically significant, except for FVC score in males group (p=0.031). Further research on the field of BMI effect on lung function is still largely needed and this research might act as a preliminary study for the greater good."

"Tujuan Meskipun indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada persentil 5-84 dianggap sebagai berat badan normal untuk anak dan remaja menurut kurva IMT dari Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), tetapi penelitian oleh Guo et al menunjukkan bahwa IMT pada persentil 75 telah memiliki risiko menjadi obesitas dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan parameter antropometri, pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan risiko kesehatan pada subyek dengan IMT normal untuk mengetahui kelompok IMT ideal menurut kurva IMT dari CDC. Metode Sebagai kelompok rujukan adalah IMT normal (IMT 18,5-24,9) menurut klasifikasi dewasa dari World Health Organization (WHO). Kelompok IMT normal menurut kurva IMT dari CDC dibagi dalam 4 subkelompok yaitu kelompok persentil 5-24, 24-49, 50-74, dan 75-84. Hasil & Simpulan Dari hasil perbandingan tersebut, kelompok IMT persentil 50-74 pada laki-laki dan persentil 75- 84 pada perempuan memiliki ukuran antropometrik dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium lebih tinggi dari kelompok rujukan. Meskipun demikian risiko kesehatan kelompok tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok rujukan.

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AbstractAim Body mass index (BMI) at 5th-84th percentiles according to the BMI-for-age charts from Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) is considered as normal BMI for children and adolescents. However, Guo et al found that BMI at 75th-84th percentiles already had a possibility to be adult overweight and obese. This study aimed to determine anthropometric measurements, laboratory findings, and health risk differences to find an ideal BMI group according to the BMI charts. Methods Normal BMI according to adult classification from the World Health Organization (BMI at 18.5-24.9) is used as a reference group. Results & Conclusion Our study showed BMI value at 50th-74th percentiles in boys and at 75th-84th percentiles in girls had higher anthropometric measurements and laboratory findings than the reference group. However, the health risks of those BMI percentiles did not significant different compared with the reference group. "

"Omega-3 dan omega-6 berperan penting dalam kehamilan, asam lemak esensial yang saling terkait ini, berperan penting dalam penentuan masa gestasi ibu, pertumbuhan perilaku serta pembentukan saraf pusat janin, sehingga perlu dijaga rasio kadarnya. Angka gizi lebih semakin meningkat di Indonesia, dan diduga berpengaruh terhadap kadar omega-3 dan omega-6. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan kadar omega-3 dan omega-6 serum dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh ibu hamil trimester satu dalam rangka menurunkan angka kurangnya keseimbangan omega-3 dan omega-6 di Indonesia. Jumlah subjek penelitian adalah 70 ibu hamil trimester satu, menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan simple random sampling. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh 57,1% subjek mengalami gizi lebih dan 7,1% mengalami gizi kurang. Kadar ALA 173,37 (1,18-724) μg/ml, EPA 9,74 (0,06-166) μg/ml, DHA 15,45 (1,2-96) μg/ml, total n-3 199,65 (22,7-776,51) μg/ml, LA 1849,93 (119-8986) μg/ml, ARA 263,48 (21-993) μg/ml, total n-6 2114,24 (210-9643) μg/ml dan perbandingan n-3:n-6 1:10 (1:20-1:2,7). Uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi bermakna antara kadar omega-3 dan omega-6 dengan indeks massa tubuh, Uji chi square antara rasio omega-3:omega-6 dengan Indeks massa tubuh tidak menunjukkan korelasi bermakna, p 0,307. Perlu perubahan asupan makanan lebih kaya omega-3 untuk mengatasi kekurangan rasio omega-3 dan omega-6 seiring mengurangi angka gizi lebih.

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Omega-3 and omega-6 are important for pregnant mother. Those essential fatty acid affect gestation time, fetal behavior and central nervous system development. Overnutrition is becoming problem in Indonesia and nutritional status seems to have role in determining omega-3 and omega-6 serum level. This research observe the association between nutritional status and the serum level of omega-3 and omega-6 with the goal to reduce omega-3 and omega-6 deficiency in Indonesia. There are 70 subject of first semester pregnant woman. This study is done using cross sectional design with simple random sampling. It is found that 57.1% have overweight and 7.1% have underweight. Serum level of ALA 173.37 (1.18-724) μg/ml, EPA 9.74 (0.06-166) μg/ml, DHA 15.45 (1.2-96) μg/ml, total n-3 199.65 (22.7-776.51) μg/ml, LA 1849.93 (119-8986) μg/ml, ARA 263.48 (21-993) μg/ml, total n-6 2114.24 (210-9643) μg/ml and ratio of n-3:n-6 1:10 (1:20-1:2.7). Spearman correlation test shown no significant correlation between any omega-3 and omega-6 serum level with BMI. Chi square between omega-3 and omega-6 ratio does not shown significant correlation with BMI category, p 0.307. Modification of food intake with higher omega-3 is needed to reduce deficiency in omega-3 and omega-6 ratio while reducing overweight case."

"This cross sectional study was carried out in Jakarta, among institutionalized elderly aged 60 - 74 years. Rabe study reported that there is a high prevalence of low body mass index (BMI) value among the elderly in Jakarta. Ferro-Luzzi et at (1992) and James et al (1988) stated that an adult person with BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2 was proposed being chronic energy deficient (CED) and had functioning and health impairment. General aim of this study is to investigate whether low BMI among elderly is associated with adaptation in energy expenditure and had negative consequences on health. Based on James and colleague classification of BMI, two groups of elderly with different BMI value represented this study. Twenty elderly subjects with BMI < 11.00 kg/m2 (low BMI group) and 20 elderly subjects with BMI 22.0 --25.00 kg/m2 (normal BMI group). To every subject in each group was conducted questionnaires, Hb level measurement, 2 days combined record and recall daily physical activity, 2 days combined food weighing and 24-hour food recall intake, and resting energy expenditure (REE). Body composition was assessed by skinfolds technique and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using Lukaski and Deurenberg equations. Result revealed that fat mass and fat free mass of low BMI subjects are significantly lower than the normal BMI subjects. The low BMI subjects had very low fat mass. However, both groups had same PAL [1.3 X basal Metabolic rate (BMR)]. The low BMI subjects who were considered as CED had similar level of activity of daily living (ADL) as those with normal BMI subjects. Both BMI group had no significant different on the number of health complaint. On the whole, findings indicated that the CED elderly had no physical adaptation and negative consequences on health. Anyway using the cut-off point to define CED proposed by Ferro-Luzzi and colleague for Indonesian elderly needs carefully consideration. "

"Ketersediaan data tentang faktor?faktor yang berhubungan dengan metabolik sindrom pada kelompok lanjut usia di Indonesia sangat terbatas. Data tersebut sangat diperlukan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi metabolik sindrom dan hubungan pengukuran antropometrik, profil lipid, tekanan darah, asupan makanan dan aktifitas fisik dengan metabolik sindrom pada kelompok lanjut usia. Suatu studi dengan rancangan ?cross sectional? dilakukan di Jakarta dengan menggunakan metoda ?multistage random sampling?. Jumlah responden 352 orang lanjut usia wanita dan 137 orang lanjut usia pria. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri, analisa biokimia darah, analisa asupan makanan dan pengukuran indeks aktivitas. Prevalensi metabolik adalah 18.2% pada lanjut usia wanita dan 6.6% pada lanjut usia pria. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pada lanjut usia yang mempunyai berat badan berlebih, risiko untuk mempunyai metabolik sindrom hampir empat kali lebih tinggi dibanding lanjut usia dengan indeks masa tubuh normal (rasio odds suaian = 3.98; 95% confidence interval 2.23 - 7.10). Lanjut usia dengan plasma total kolesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl, risiko untuk mendapatkan metabolik sindrom 2.7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang mempunyai plasma total kolesterol < 240 mg/dl. Sementara lanjut usia yang mempunyai rasio total kolesterol terhadap HDL kolesterol ≥ 5, risiko untuk menderita metabolik sindrom dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang rasionya < 5. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan profil lipid, pengukuran tekanan darah dan pengukuran antropometrik sederhana yang teratur pada kelompok lanjut usia penting dilakukan untuk mendeteksi risiko terjadinya sindroma metabolik. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:195-200)

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Available data on metabolic syndrome amongst the aged Indonesian population are limited, despite the importance of these data for cardio vascular disease (CVD) preventive measures. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associations between anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, blood pressure, nutrient intakes and physical activity and metabolic syndrome in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from January to April 2000 at selected Public Health Centers in Jakarta using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood analysis, nutrient intake assessment and activity index. The subjects consisted of 352 females and 137 males. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among females was 18.2% and 6.6% in males. This study shows metabolic syndrome was associated with gender, body mass index, total cholesterol and the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol. Elderly who were overweight based on body mass index (BMI) had almost a four-fold increased risk for metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio = 3.98; 95% confidence interval 2.23 - 7.10). Those who had plasma total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl had a 2.7 times greater risk of having metabolic syndrome than those with plasma total cholesterol < 240 mg/dl. Furthermore, in terms of the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, those who had a ratio ≥ 5 compared to a ratio < 5 had two-fold increased risk for metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of routine checks of lipid profile, blood pressure and simple anthropometric assessment to detect the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:195-200)"

"Kebugaran kardiorespiratori rendah berhubungan dengan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan hipertensi. Kebugaran kardiorespiratori pekerja masih rendah. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan status kebugaran kardiorespiratori berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Persen Lemak Tubuh (PLT), asupan gizi, aktivitas fisik, status merokok, dan kualitas tidur melalui Tes bangku 3 menit YMCA. Penelitian dilakukan pada karyawan PT Pos Indonesia Regional IV Jakarta pada April 2016. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan sampel 124 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 44,4% karyawan tergolong tidak bugar. Uji chi square dan uji T-independent digunakan dalam analisis penelitian ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa IMT, PLT, asupan gizi energi, karbohidrat, dan zat besi/Fe memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan kebugaran kardiorespiratori. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, karyawan disarankan untuk memantau IMT dan PLT secara berkala, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, dan pola makan gizi seimbang.

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Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Cardiorespiratory fitness in workers is still low. This research aims to determine the difference in cardiorespiratory fitness status based on the Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking status, and quality of sleep. Cardiorespiratory fitness is measured by YMCA 3 minutes Step Test. The research was conducted on the employees of PT Pos Indonesia Regional IV Jakarta in April 2016. Study design that used in this research is cross sectional in 124 employees.

The results showed 44.4% of employees are classified as unfit. Chi-square and T-independent test are used in analysis. The analysis showed that BMI, body fat percentage, dietary intake of energy, carbohydrates, and iron give significant differences to cardiorespiratory fitness. Based on these results, employees are advised to monitor BMI and body fat regularly, increasing physical activity, and nutrition balanced diet."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Lansia merupakan kelompok yang berisiko tinggi untuk terjadinya malnutrisi. Selain merupakan akibat dari penyakit yang diderita, malnutrisi pada lansia juga menjadi penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan pada lansia. Mengingat hal tersebut diperlukan suatu instrumen yang sahih dan dapat diandalkan untuk menilai status gizi lansia yang tinggal di komunitas.Tujuan. Mendapatkan kuesioner MNA-SF berbahasa Indonesia yang sahih dan andal untuk digunakan oleh kader posbindu untuk menapis status gizi lansia di komunitas.Metodologi. Responden berusia ge;60 tahun yang datang ke posbindu menjalani wawancara oleh ahli gizi dan kader posbindu. Wawancara ulang oleh kader posbindu dilakukan satu sampai dua minggu kemudian. Selanjutnya dihitung korelasi antara skor total MNA dengan MNA-SF, skor total MNA-SF pemeriksaan pertama dan kedua, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient MNA-SF hasil penilaian ahli gizi dan penilaian kader serta cronbach rsquo;? MNA-SF.Hasil. Penelitian diikuti oleh 92 responden dengan median usia 67 tahun. Korelasi sedang didapatkan antara skor total MNA-SF IMT indeks massa tubuh penilaian kader dengan skor total MNA r=0,491;p

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ABSTRACTBackground. Eldery is highly succeptible group to suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition in elderly can be the result of disease that they suffered from. It also become the cause of high morbidity. Along with that matter, we need a valid and reliable instrument to assess nutritional status among community dwelling elderly.Objective. To a get valid and reliable Indonesian MNA SF to be used by social workers to screen nutritional status in community dwelling elderly.Methodology. Respondents aged ge 60 years old who came to ldquo posbindu rdquo were interviewed by nutritionist by using MNA. The interview then continued by social workers by using Indonesian MNA SF. Re interview by social workers was held 1 2 weeks later. After data were collected we calculate corellation between MNA and MNA SF total score, MNA SF total score in the first and second examination and cronbach rsquo s .Result. Ninety two respondents were included in this study. Median age was 67 years old. Moderate corellation was observed between BMI Body Mass Index MNA SF total score assessed by social workers and MNA total score r 0.491 p"

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh parameter komposisi tubuh yang dapat mendeteksi kecenderungan terjadinya MEP pada penderita PGK-ND. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan potong lintang. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 45 pasien PGK-ND dan 45 subyek sehat yang disepadankan jenis kelamin, usia, tinggi badan (TB) dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Status nutrisi dikelompokkan dalam status nutrisi kurang, normal dan lebih berdasarkan IMT, WHO, 1995. Secara antropometri massa bebas lemak (MBL), indeks-MBL (I-MBL), massa lemak (ML) dan persen ML pasien PGK-ND tidak berbeda bermakna dengan subyek sehat. Berdasarkan BIA didapatkan MBL, dan I-MBL pasien PGK-ND lebih rendah bermakna dibandingkan subyek sehat (p < 0,05). Massa bebas lemak (MBL), I-MBL dan ML pasien PGK-ND berbeda bermakna antara ketiga status nutrisi (p < 0,001). Nilai MBL, I-MBL dan ML mempunyai linearitas dengan klasifikasi status nutrisi berdasarkan uji trend analysis. Massa bebas lemak, I-MBL, ML dan persen ML PGK-ND tidak berbeda bermakna di antara ketiga stadium PGK.Terdapat derajat kesesuaian yang baik antara I-MBL dengan IMT untuk penilaian status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND. Dengan uji Receiver Operating Curve didapatkan titik potong I-MBL sebesar 14,23 kg/m2 untuk membedakan status nutrisi kurang dan baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indeks MBL dapat membedakan derajat status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND dan mempunyai korelasi dengan IMT. Indeks-MBL dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor untuk skrining status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to obtain body composition parameters for early detection of PEM in non dialysis CKD (ND-CKD) patients. The study was carried out using the cross sectional design. The subjects of the study consist of 45 ND-CKD patients and 45 healthy subjects matched for age, gender, height and body mass index (BMI). The nutritional status of patients and healthy subjects were classified based on BMI (WHO, 1995) into low, normal and high nutritional status groups. Fat free mass (FFM), FFM-index (FFM-I) and percentage of fat mass (FM percentage) in patients measured by anthropometric technique showed no significant difference with healthy subjects. Using the BIA method, FFM and FFM-I were significantly lower in the ND-CKD patients compared to the healthy subjects (p < 0,05). Significant difference in FFM, FFM-I, FM and FM percentage was observed between the patients with different nutritional status. (p < 0,001). Trend analysis statistical test showed that there is linear correlation of FFM, FFM-I and FM with nutritional status classification. FFM, FFM-I, FM and FM percentage in ND-CKD patients were not significantly different between the three stages of CKD. There was an acceptable degree of agreement between BMI with FFM-I for nutritional assessment in ND-CKD patients. The Receiver Operating Curve test showed the cut off points of FFM-I 14.23 kg/m2 to differentiate undernutrition and normal nutritional status in ND-CKD patients. This study showed FFM-I has good correlation with BMI and can be used to differentiate degrees of nutritional status in stage 3, 4 and 5 ND-CKD patients. FFM-I considered predictor parameters for nutritional status screening in ND-CKD patients. "