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"Adequate nutrition during the first 2 year of life is important to ensure optimal physical and mental development of infants and young children. Therefore sustainable adequate nutrient intake is critical in childhood.In 2002, WHO urges all countries to promote improved CF practices to ensure optimal health, growth and development of young children. Research is needed in priority areas including examining the use of LP for developing context-specific complementary feeding guidelines.Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG), which promote culturally acceptable and affordable changes to local complementary feeding practices, will enhance chances for sustainable improvements in childhood nutritional status. As basis for documenting and understanding the dietary data for developing FBDG, several approaches can be used. Survey approach is usually used for developing FBDG; however this approach requires plenty of resources. In developing countries where resource is scare, rapid assessment procedure (RAP) method can be used as alternative. This method is rapid, and low in cost. Both approaches can be used in developing FBDG based on LP.The objective of this study was to compare FBDG of complementary feeding for children age 9-11 months old based on Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) result and survey approach."

"One way to improve the success of exclusive breastfeeding promotion is to understand the factors that directly of indirectly influence a mother's decision to initiate complementary feeding, as well as their interaction. The present study employed the use of a newly developed qualitative dietary survey-Food Choice Map method-to investigate those factors for 40 mothers with infants aged 4 - 6 months old residing in Pondok Labu sub-district of South Jakarta, Indonesia, regarding the `military' and 'civilian' communities. K -Means Cluster Analysis was used to create relatively homogenous groups based on demography and socioeconomy characteristics using variables such as mother's age, child's age and sex, study groups, ownership of house, phone, and motorcycle. Nearly all infants (97%) received complementary feeding before the age of 4 months old with "to calm child" as the most common reason why mothers initiated the feeding. Most infants were given banana as their first food as the "social circle suggested" or because it is "commonly used food." Another large percentage received instant baby food due to "its practicality." The findings suggest factors such as socioeconomy and demography-as described by the cluster characteristics-whom mothers were dependent on, feeding experience, and self-confidence influenced mother's decision in initiating complementary feeding. Furthermore, they interact with one another that their existence of affecting mothers' behavior is the result of not only one factor. It is recommended to establish breastfeeding support groups for the mothers, as well as to greaten encouragement from the social circle and medical professionals to motivate mothers and increase their self-confidence to breastfeed the infants."

"Aktivitas makan merupakan aktivitas dominan yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh orangutan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam upaya bertahan hidup. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui proporsi waktu makan dan proporsi waktu mencoba makan pada anak orangutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah instantaneus focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Anak sangat antusias mempelajari kemampuan dan keterampilan untuk bertahan hidup melalui hubungan sosial dengan induknya. Sejak usia 1 tahun anak sudah mulai peering (7,67 %) hingga usia 8 tahun (65 %). Induk merupakan penyangga anak dengan lingkungannya dan panutan yang dicontoh dalam melakukan sesuatu, khususnya perilaku makan. Proporsi waktu makan anak mandiri semakin meningkat dari 0,24 % (1 tahun) hingga 55,1 % (8 tahun) akan meningkat ke arah proporsi makan induknya. Pemilihan jenis makanan dan teknik makan anak orangutan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik jenis makanan dan teknik yang digunakan oleh induk. Teknik makan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu teknik dengan menggunakan mulut dan teknik kombinasi yaitu gabungan antara tangan dengan kaki. Hal tersebut dikarenakan anak orangutan selalu bersama induknya dan anak memiliki keterbatasan dalam memperoleh dan mengolah jenis makanan yang sulit dikonsumsi. Toleransi induk juga berperan penting dalam proses kemandirian anaknya, melalui makan bersama pada satu pohon yang sama, transfer makanan dan memberikan makanan yang sulit didapat maupun sulit diproses ketika anak meminta darinya. Selain itu, anak orangutan juga berusaha untuk meningkatkan keterampilannya dengan mencoba mengolah (try feeding) dan terlihat ketika anak orangutan baru mulai mengonsumsi kulit kayu pada usia 4 - 5 tahun dengan tingkat kesulitan tinggi.

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Feeding activity is the most dominant activity of orangutans to fulfil their needs in an effort to survive. The research aims to know the proportions of feeding time and try feeding in immature orangutans. Research method used was instantaneus focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Immatures orangutan are very antusiastic about learning abilities and skills to survive through social interaction with mother. Since the age of 1 year old (7,67%) infant have started try feeding until the age of 8 years old (65%). Orangutan mother is child?s buffer with its environment ad role model, in particular the eating behavior. As dependent offsprings getting older, their feeding activity proportion increased to their mothers level from 0,24 % (1 year old) until 55,1% (8 years old). Dependent offspring rely on social interactions with their mother to acquire information about the food type, feeding behaviour, and feeding techniques. Dependent offspring always with their mother to obtain the food that is difficult to consume because mother always tolerance to help and give the food when the dependent offspring beg for food. Try feeding enhances the ability to consume bark since 4 -5 years old, bark is really difficult to get and to process."

"Masalah kesehatan di Indonesia menjadi salah satu masalah yang membutuhkan perhatian dan penanganan dari masyarakat maupun pemerintah. Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian ialah masalah stunting pada anak. Stunting banyak terjadi pada anak dikarenakan faktor pola makan anak yang masih belum memadai atau kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia pra sekolah di Kecamatan Bojongsari Kota Depok. Desain penelitian ini yaitu cross sectional dengan 112 responden ibu dan anak usia pra sekolah di Kecamatan Bojongsari Kota Depok. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner CFQ serta standar antropometri TB/U anak berdasarkan PMK Nomor 2 Tahun 2020. Uji statistik bivariat yang dilakukan ialah Mann-Whitney dengan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pola makan anak usia pra sekolah dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,000). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diketahui bahwa sangatlah penting untuk menjaga pola makan anak untuk mencegah terjadinya permasalahan gizi termasuk stunting pada anak. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mendalami ataupun meneliti variabel-variabel lain yang bisa berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya stunting pada anak.

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Health problems in Indonesia are a problem that requires attention and treatment from the community and government. One of the health problems that is of concern is the problem of stunting in children. Stunting often occurs in children due to factors such as children's diets being inadequate or ineffective. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between eating patterns and the incidence of stunting in pre-school children in Bojongsari District, Depok City. The design of this research was cross sectional with 112 respondents from mothers and pre-school age children in Bojongsari District, Depok City. The instruments used were the CFQ questionnaire and child TB/U anthropometric standards based on PMK Number 2 of 2020. The bivariate statistical test carried out was the Mann-Whitney with research results showing that there was a relationship between the eating patterns of pre-school aged children and the incidence of stunting (p=0.000 ). Based on the results of this research, it is known that it is very important to maintain children's diet to prevent nutritional problems including stunting in children. It is hoped that future research can explore or examine other variables that can influence the occurrence of stunting in children.

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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas kebiasaan konsumsi serat makanan mahasiswa penghuniasrama Universitas Indonesia tahun 2011 dan hubungannya dengan karakteristikindividu yang meliputi jenis kelamin, pengetahuan mengenai serat makanan,preferensi/kesukaan terhadap makanan, kebiasaan makan sayur dan buah, danpengaruh teman sebayanya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif denganmetode penelitian deskriptif dan desain studi cross-sectional. Pengumpulan datadilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan formulir Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ) yang dibagikan kepada 145 mahasiswa penghuni asrama UniversitasIndonesia pada bulan April 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adahubungan antara pengetahuan mengenai serat makanan dan preferensi/kesukaanterhadap makanan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi serat makanan pada mahasiswapenghuni asrama Universitas Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwaperlu diadakannya media KIE mengenai pentingnya konsumsi serat makanan sertadisediakannya makanan sumber serat yang lebih bervariasi di kantin asrama

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the habits of consumption of dietary fiber in boarder student,University of Indonesia 2011 and its relationship with the individualcharacteristics including gender, knowledge of dietary fiber, preference for food,eating vegetables and fruit, and the influence of peers. This study is a quantitativestudy with descriptive research methods and cross-sectional design study. Thedata was collected using questionnaires and form the Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) which was distributed to 145 student boarders, University ofIndonesia in April 2011. The results showed that there was a relationship betweenknowledge about dietary fiber and preference for food with the habits ofconsumption of dietary fiber in boarder student at the University of Indonesia’sdormitory. The results suggest that the necessary holding of CIE media about theimportance of dietary fiber consumption and the availability of food sources offiber are more varied in the dorm cafeteria"

"Skripsi ini membahas kebiasaan konsumsi serat makanan mahasiswa penghuni asrama Universitas Indonesia tahun 2011 dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik individu yang meliputi jenis kelamin, pengetahuan mengenai serat makanan, preferensi/kesukaan terhadap makanan, kebiasaan makan sayur dan buah, dan pengaruh teman sebayanya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif dan desain studi cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan formulir Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) yang dibagikan kepada 145 mahasiswa penghuni asrama Universitas Indonesia pada bulan April 2011.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan mengenai serat makanan dan preferensi/kesukaan terhadap makanan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi serat makanan pada mahasiswa penghuni asrama Universitas Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa perlu diadakannya media KIE mengenai pentingnya konsumsi serat makanan serta disediakannya makanan sumber serat yang lebih bervariasi di kantin asrama.This thesis discusses the habits of consumption of dietary fiber in boarder student, University of Indonesia 2011 and its relationship with the individual characteristics including gender, knowledge of dietary fiber, preference for food, eating vegetables and fruit, and the influence of peers. This study is a quantitative study with descriptive research methods and cross-sectional design study. The data was collected using questionnaires and form the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which was distributed to 145 student boarders, University of Indonesia in April 2011.

The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge about dietary fiber and preference for food with the habits of consumption of dietary fiber in boarder student at the University of Indonesia?s dormitory. The results suggest that the necessary holding of CIE media about the importance of dietary fiber consumption and the availability of food sources of fiber are more varied in the dorm cafeteria."

"Gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan saat ini cenderung kearah konsumsi makanan yang tidak sehat dan serba instan. Kehadiran makanan cepat saji, makanan berlemak, dan mengandung kolesterol yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kolelitiasis. Karya ilmiah akhir Nesr ini menggambarkan pemberian intervensi keperawatan berupa edukasi diet rendah lemak pada pasien dengan kolelitiasis. Perawat mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan klien untuk dapat memilih makanan yang tepat dan sehat. Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman klien serta merubah perilaku kearah gaya hidup sehat.

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Lifestyle of today?s urban society tends towards the consumption of unhealthy foods and almost instantaneous. The prensence of fast fod, fatty foods, and high cholesterol can lead to cholelithiasis. This papers describe the nursing implementations such as the provision of education low-fat diet in patiens with cholelithiasis. Nurses have an importan role in increasing knowledge of the clien to be able to choose the right foods and healthy. The provision of health education is expected to increase client understanding and changing behaviour towards a healthier lifestyle."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan asupan gizi ada!ah melalui makanan pendamping AS! dengan biaya rendah, menggunakan makanan lokal yang tersedia dan pengolahan makanan sederhana, Kami menyajikan basil dari studi fonnatif pengembangan resep makanan pendamping AS! lokal padat gizi untuk bayi 9-11 bulan. Penelitian dilakulom di Lombok Timur pada bulan Februari 2010. Pengumpulan data termasuk survey pasar, wawancara kelompok dengan pengasuh dan kader, uji coba resep, pengernbangan resep dan 7 hari uji coba penerimaan resep di rumah tangga. Resep yang dicoba oleh sebagian besar rumah tangga di dusun dekat dan jauh pasar adalah bakso ikan dan cap cay, sedangkan resep yang paling sediklt dicoba adalah resep abon hati ayam. Terdapat potensi untuk memperoleh manfaat dari rnodifikasi resep lokal pada kecukupan gizi pada bayi 9-11 bulan.

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ABSTRACTOne of the strategy to improve the intake of problem nutrients was through the low cost complementary foods, using locally available foods and simple food processing. We present results from a formative study on the development of modified local nutrient-dense complementary foods for 9-11 month old infants. The study was conducted in East Lombok on February 2010. The data collection including a series of market survey, group interview with caregivers and cadres, recipe trials, recipe development, and 7-day HH acceptability trial. The recipe that mostly tried by the household in near and far market hamlet was fish meatballs and cap cay. while the least recipe tried was chicken liver abon. This study suggested that there would be potential lo benefit from the modified recipes on nutrient adequacy among 9-11 mo infants. "

"MPASI merupakan sumber nutrisi utama bagi balita, khususnya bayi yang berusia 6-24 bulan. Pemberian MPASI yang tepat memiliki peran krusial dalam mempertahankan status nutrisi anak. Namun, masih banyak ibu yang belum mengetahui tentang tata cara pemberian MPASI yang tepat. Pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemberian MPASI dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor sosiodemografi. Oleh sebab itu, dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu tentang MPASI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan data sekunder dari penelitian utama berjudul ?Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children.? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 86 subjek (64,7%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang MPASI yang baik, 71 subjek (53,4%) memiliki sikap pemberian MPASI yang positif, dan 68 subjek (51,1%) memiliki perilaku pemberian MPASI yang kurang baik. Karakteristik ibu berdasarkan sebaran sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 58 subjek (43,6%) berusia di atas 30 tahun; 81 subjek (60,9%) memiliki tingkat pendidikan menengah; 117 subjek (88%) tidak bekerja/Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT); 88 subjek (66,2%) memiliki status ekonomi di atas garis kemiskinan; dan 99 subjek (73,4%) memiliki bentuk keluarga inti. Dari uji hipotesis Chi-square, diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan ibu tentang MPASI (p=0,02). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistika antara faktor sosiodemografi lainnya dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu tentang MPASI.

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Complementary feeding is the main nutrients supply for kids, especially in children aged 6 to 24 months. Correct provision of complementary feeding has crucial role in maintaining child nutritional status. However, there are lots of mothers with inadequate knowledge about complementary feeding. Mother's knowledge regarding complementary feeding is affected by various factors, such as sosiodemographic factors. Therefore, this study was determined to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and the level of mother's knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding complementary feeding.

This study is a cross-sectional study, using primary data from questionnaire and secondary data from a primary research entitled ?Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children.?

This study shows that 86 subjects (64,7%) had good knowledge about complementary feeding, 71 subjects (53,4%) had positive attitude regarding complementary feeding, and 68 subjects (51,1%) had mediocre behaviour regarding complementary feeding. Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors were as follows: 58 subjects (43,6%) aged above 30 years old; 81 subjects (60,9%) had intermediate level of education; 117 subjects (88%) were housewifes; 88 subjects (66,2%) had economical status below poverty line; dan 99 subjetcs (73,4%) were classified as nuclear family.

Through Chi-Square test: there was significant association between mother's education and the knowlegde about complementary feeding (p=0,02). On the other hand, there were no significant association between any other sociodemographic factors and the level of mother's knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding complementary feeding."