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"Wilayah perairan Indonesia merupakan penyimpan potensi BMKT yang besar. Sulit dan dibutuhkannya tenaga yang ahli dalam bidang BMKT membuat pemerintah harus meminta bantuan untuk melakukannya kepada pihak investor yaitu investor dalam negeri dan investor asing. Namun, banyaknya regulasi yang mengatur persoalan BMKT menjadikan tidak jelasnya pengelolaan terhadap bidang usaha ini. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan-kebijakan yang mengatur mengenai BMKT untuk mendukung para investor dalam ikut berinvestasi dalam bidang usaha pengelolaan BMKT dan menciptakan pengelolaan BMKT yang layak dan efektif terhadap seluruh aspek nilai yang terkandung di dalam BMKT itu sendiri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Doktrinal dengan metode pendekatan Yuridhis Normatif serta pendekatan yang difokuskan kepada peraturan atau kebijakan (statute approach). Potensi BMKT di Indonesia yang tercatat oleh APPP BMKTI adalah sebanyak 464 titik lokasi kapal tenggelam yang di perkirakan mengandung nilai ekonomi kurang lebih mencapai USD 12,7 miliar. Namun demikian, apabila melihat sejarah pembentukan kebijakan BMKT yang berlaku di Indonesia masih membingungkan pihak investor. Dengan menggunakan teori Economic Analysis of Law diharapkan pengelolaan BMKT untuk para investor dapat diarahkan untuk lebih tertib dan meningkatkan fisibilitas potensi dari BMKT secara in-situ dan ex-situ dari nilai ekonominya dan nilai cagar budayanya.

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The waters around Indonesia have a significant potential for being a repository for Valuable Objects on the Load of Sinking Ships (BMKT). It is difficult and requires experts in the field of BMKT, so the government has to ask for help from investors, namely domestic investors and foreign investors. However, the number of regulations governing BMKT issues makes it unclear how this business sector is managed. This study aims to analyze the policies governing BMKT to support investors in participating in investing in the business sector of BMKT management and creating BMKT management that is worthy and effective for all aspects of the values contained in the BMKT itself. This research is a doctrinal research using a normative juridical approach and an approach focused on regulations or policies (statute approach). The BMKT potential in Indonesia recorded by Association of Indonesian BMKT Lifting and Utilization Companies (APPP BMKTI) is as many as 464 points where ships sank which are estimated to have an economic value of approximately USD 12.7 billion. Nevertheless, investors are still confused by the history of the establishment of BMKT rules applicable in Indonesia. By using the theory of Economic Analysis of Law, it is hoped that the management of BMKT for investors can be directed to be more orderly and increase the potential feasibility of BMKT in-situ and ex-situ of its economic value and cultural heritage value."

"ABSTRAKSuatu pelaksanaan lelang sudah seharusnya berpedoman pada asas-asas lelang danmemenuhi prosedur umum lelang yang berlaku dalam peraturan lelang. Begitupula halnya dengan pelaksanaan lelang Benda Berharga Asal Muatan Kapal YangTenggelam (BMKT) hasil pengangkatan dari perairan Laut Jawa Utara Cirebon.Lelang BMKT juga seharusnya berpedoman pada asas-asas lelang dan memenuhiprosedur umum lelang yang berlaku dalam peraturan lelang. Lelang dilaksanakansebanyak 3 (tiga) kali pada tahun 2010 terhadap BMKT yang berstatus selainBarang Milik Negara (BMN). Namun, ternyata pelaksanaan lelang tidak berhasilatau tidak ada penawaran. Oleh karena itu, penulis menganalisis permasalahanbagaimana penerapan asas-asas lelang pada pelaksanaan lelang BMKT dankesesuaian lelang BMKT tersebut dengan prosedur lelang. Dari penelitian, penulismenemukan bahwa dalam lelang BMKT tidak memenuhi asas-asas lelangkhususnya asas kompetisi. Beberapa tahapan dalam prosedur lelang tersebut tidakterlaksana secara optimal, khususnya penentuan mekanisme atau strategipenawaran barang dalam lelang, nilai limit, dan uang jaminan penawaran lelang.Dalam penelitian juga ditemukan bahwa besaran nilai limit dan uang jaminanpenawaran lelang yang ditetapkan PANNAS BMKT terlalu tinggi. Keterbatasanwaktu pelunasan harga lelang juga memberatkan para peminat lelang. Selain itu,penjualan BMKT dalam 1 (satu) lot kiranya juga membatasi peminat lelangkarena hanya peminat lelang yang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi besar saja yangdapat mengikuti lelang. Seharusnya Panitia Nasional Pengangkatan DanPemanfaatan BMKT (PANNAS BMKT) selaku penjual memanfaatkan Pasal 38Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 93/PMK.06/2010 Tentang PetunjukPelaksanaan Lelang, untuk merubah nilai limit dan Pasal 71 ayat (2) PeraturanMenteri Keuangan Nomor 93/PMK.06/2010 Tentang Petunjuk PelaksanaanLelang, dalam hal pengecualian jangka waktu pembayaran harga lelang.

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ABSTRACTAuctions were supposed to be based on auction?s principles and procedure.Likewise, the implementation of Valuable Objects From Sunken Ship auctionexcavated from the Java Sea about 90 miles North West from the city of Cirebon.The Valuable Objects From Sunken Ship auction was supposed to be based onauction?s principle and procedure. The Valuable Objects From Sunken Shipwhich are not categorized as State-owned Goods auctioned 3 (three) times in the2010. However, these auctions were unsuccesful because nobody participated inauctions. Therefore the writer is interested to analyze the application of auction?sprinciples and auction?s procedure in those auctions. From the research the writerfound that the auction principles in Valuable Objects from Sunken Ship Auctiondid not fulfilled particularly in competition principle. The several stages in theauction procedure were also not implemented optimally, particularly thedetermination of auction terms. In addition, this research also found that thevalues of reserve price and bidding deposit determined by National Committeefor The Salvage and Utilization of Valuable Objects from Sunken Ships are toohigh. A time limitation of auction price was incriminated the person whointerested in auction. In addition, the selling of Valuable Objects From SunkenShip may also limit the person who interested in auction because only people whohave much money can participate in auction.The National Committee for TheSalvage and Utilization of Valuable Objects from Sunken Ships as a vendor wasought to use Article 38 of The Ministry of Finance Regulation No.93 Year 2010,to change reserve price and Article 71 paragraph (2) of The Ministry of FinanceRegulation No.93 Year 2010, to provide more time for purchasers to pay theauction price."

"Izin usaha pengangkatan BMKT oleh pihak asing di Indonesia mengalami kontradiksi pengaturan antara UU Cagar Budaya yang melarang pihak asing untuk ambil bagian dalam kegiatan usaha bawah air dan UU Penetapan Perpu Cipta Kerja yang mengijinkan usaha pengangkatan BMKT dengan melibatkan pihak asing. Tesis ini menentukan apakah izin usaha pengangkatan BMKT yang dilakukan pihak asing sah menurut peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan memberikan rekomendasi pengaturan tentang izin usaha pengangkatan BMKT oleh pihak asing bagi Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan Negara Australia dan Cina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; Pertama, izin usaha pengangkatan BMKT oleh pihak asing tidak sah menurut peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Hal ini karena ada pembatasan terhadap kepemilikan dan pengelolaan pihak asing oleh UU Cagar Budaya yang merupakan pengaturan secara khusus terhadap cagar budaya baik didarat maupun diair, sedangkan UU Penetapan Perpu Cipta Kerja merupakan pengaturan yang umum. Selain itu, UU Penetapan Perpu Cipta Kerja tidak mengubah dan mencabut UU Cagar Budaya dan lebih spesifiknya pengaturan UU Cagar Budaya terhadap BMKT di Indonesia. Kedua, terdapat 2 (dua) rekomendasi pengaturan BMKT di Indonesia yakni mengubah aturan pembatasan kepemilikan pada UU Cagar Budaya dan menyusun UU BMKT di Indonesia yang mencakup : membuat ketentuan durasi permohonan izin ke instansi yang bertanggungjawab untuk kegiatan pengangkatan BMKT, menentukan kekuasaan pemerintah pada BMKT di wilayah laut, mengurangi instansi pemerintah yang ikut ambil bagian dalam pengangkatan BMKT, membatasi izin usaha pengangkatan BMKT bagi pihak asing di indonesia selama 2 (dua) tahun.

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The BMKT removal business license by foreign parties in Indonesia experiences regulatory contradictions between the Cultural Heritage Law which prohibits foreign parties from taking part in underwater business activities and the Job Creation Law which allows BMKT removal business by involving foreign parties. This thesis determines whether BMKT removal business licenses conducted by foreign parties are valid according to Indonesian laws and regulations and provides recommendations for regulating BMKT removal business licenses by foreign parties for Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research with a legislative approach and a comparison of Australia and China. The results of the study show; First, the BMKT removal business license by foreign parties is not valid according to Indonesian laws and regulations. This is because there are restrictions on foreign ownership and management by the Cultural Heritage Law which is a specific regulation of cultural heritage both on land and in water, while the Job Creation Law is a general regulation. In addition, the Job Creation Perpu Stipulation Law does not amend and revoke the Cultural Heritage Law and more specifically the Cultural Heritage Law's regulation of BMKT in Indonesia. Second, there are 2 (two) recommendations for regulating BMKT in Indonesia, namely changing the ownership restriction rules in the Cultural Heritage Law and drafting a BMKT Law in Indonesia which includes: make provisions for the duration of permit applications to the agency responsible for BMKT removal activities, determine the government's authority over BMKT in the sea area, reduce government agencies that take part in BMKT removal, limit BMKT removal business licenses for foreign parties in Indonesia for 2 (two) years."

"ABSTRAKPotensi Benda Berharga Asal Muatan Kapal Tenggelam di perairan Indonesia sangatlah besar. Dalam memanfaatkan potensi tersebut, Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Keppres tentang Panitia Nasional Pengangkatan dan Pemanfaatan BMKT pada tahun 1989. Kemudian pada tahun 1992, Pemerintah Indonesia juga telah mengeluarkan UU tentang Benda Cagar Budaya, yang pada tahun 2010 dicabut dengan UU Cagar Budaya. Pengaturan antara kebijakan tersebut ternyata tidak mudah untuk diimplementasikan. Hal ini memaksa Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan moratorium perizinan survei dan pengangkatan BMKT pada tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivis dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moratorium tersebut telah menimbulkan dampak bagi pemerintah dan pengusaha, baik dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan pertahanan keamanan. Selain itu juga telah menimbulkan opportunity cost berupa hilangnya kesempatan untuk mendapatkan pemasukan ke kas negara, di sisi lain kesempatan untuk menjaga kelestarian BMKT, kesempatan untuk menjadikan nilai sejarah BMKT sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan jati diri bangsa, dan kesempatan menjadikan BMKT sebagai media pembelajaran juga hilang.

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ABSTRACTThe Potential of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked in Indonesian waters is enormous. In taking advantages of this potency, the Government of Indonesia has issued Presidential Decree on National Committee of Appointment and Utilization of Valuable Items from The Shiploads which are Sinked in 1989. Then in 1992, the Government of Indonesia has also issued Law on Heritage Objects, in 2010 which is revoked by Cultural Heritage Act. The arrangement between the policies were not easy to implement. It forces the Government of Indonesian to issued a moratorium policy on survey licensing and the appointment of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked in 2011. This research uses post positivist approach with qualitative method through in depth interview and literature study. The results show that the moratorium policy has had an impact on the government and entrepreneurs from social, economic, and defense aspects of security. In addition, it has also created an opportunity cost in the form of loss of opportunity to get income into the state treasury, on the other hand the opportunity to maintain the sustainability of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked, the opportunity to make the historical value of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked as a tool for improving the national identity, and the opportunity to make valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked as a learning media is also lost"

"ABSTRAKDalam mendorong investasi di bidang usaha dan/daerah tertentudiimplementasikan kebijakan tax allowance, namun perusahaan penerima fasilitasmengalami penurunan. Tesis ini membahas tentang efektivitas implementasikebijakan tax allowance dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitianmenggunakan teori kebijakan publik, perpajakan, dan investasi. Menggunakanparadigma post positivist, pendekatan kualitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan datadengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menujukan dimensi tepatkebijakan, pelaksana, lingkungan, dan proses terpenuhi, tetapi tepat target belumterpenuhi. Implementasi kebijakan tax allowance cukup efektif dan faktor yangmempengaruhi adalah faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Agar dimensi tepattarget terpenuhi dengan membuat grading kriteria perusahaan, persyaratan, daninsentif. Untuk menanggulangi faktor penghambat dengan melonggarkan kriteriadan persyaratan, dan meningkatkan sosialisasi kebijakan tax allowance.

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ABSTRACTIn encouraging investment in the field of business and/or certain areasimplemented tax allowance policy, but the company receiving the facility hasdecreased. This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the implementation of taxallowance policy and the factors that influence it. Research uses public policytheory, taxation, and investment. Using post positivist paradigms, qualitativeapproaches, and data collection techniques with in-depth interview. The results ofthe research indicate the exact dimensions of policies, implementers,environments, and Process fulfilled, but the exact target has not been met.Implementation of tax allowance policy is quite effective and influence factors ofsupporting and inhibiting factors. So that the exact dimensions of the targetfulfilled by creating a grade of company criteria, requirements, and incentives. Toovercome obstacles by loosening criteria and requirements, and increasing thesocialization of tax allowance policy."

"[ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas peranan Kaitenzushi dalam bidang kuliner Jepang, dan pengaruhnyaterhadap perkembangan hidangan sushi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskanperan Kaitenzushi dalam merubah sushi dari makanan mewah yang terbatas menjadimakanan informal dan dapat dikonsumsi oleh berbagai pihak. Metode yang dipakai adalahmetode analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kaitenzushi berhasilmempopulerkan hidangan sushi dan merupakan cerminan budaya efektivitas dan efisiensidari masyarakat Jepang dalam bidang kuliner.ABSTRACT This study discusses the role of Kaitenzushi in Japan?s culinary culture, and its influences on

the development of sushi. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of Kaitenzushi in

transforming sushi from a luxurious and limited dish to into an informal and accessible for

everyone. This study uses the method of descriptive analysis research. The result of this study

is that Kaitenzushi succeeded at popularizing sushi dishes and is a reflection of Japanese

efficiency and effectiveness in the culinary culture.;This study discusses the role of Kaitenzushi in Japan?s culinary culture, and its influences on

the development of sushi. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of Kaitenzushi in

transforming sushi from a luxurious and limited dish to into an informal and accessible for

everyone. This study uses the method of descriptive analysis research. The result of this study

is that Kaitenzushi succeeded at popularizing sushi dishes and is a reflection of Japanese

efficiency and effectiveness in the culinary culture., This study discusses the role of Kaitenzushi in Japan’s culinary culture, and its influences on

the development of sushi. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of Kaitenzushi in

transforming sushi from a luxurious and limited dish to into an informal and accessible for

everyone. This study uses the method of descriptive analysis research. The result of this study

is that Kaitenzushi succeeded at popularizing sushi dishes and is a reflection of Japanese

efficiency and effectiveness in the culinary culture.]"