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"Understanding how leaders make foreign policy and national security decisions is of paramount importance for both the policy community and academia. It is our assertion that decisions in these domains can be explained best by tracing the cognitive process leaders go through in formulating and arriving at their decisions, using the applied decision analysis (ADA) method."

"Contents :Do not walk home -- Simplicity -- Time -- Accountability -- Resources -- Tracking -- Melioration -- Emotion -- Conclusion"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran leader member exchange sebagai mediator antara conscientiousness dan perilaku berbagi pengetahuan pada guru sekolah menengah atas. Partisipan penelitian adalah guru-guru sekolah menengah atas di wilayah Jabodetabek dengan pengalaman mengajar minimal satu tahun (N=219). Perilaku berbagi pengetahuan diukur dengan Skala Perilaku Berbagi Pengetahuan, conscientiousness dengan NEO-4, serta persepsi kualitas hubungan atasan dan bawahan dengan Leader-Member Exchange Multi-Dimensional (LMX-MDM). Hasil penelitan mendukung model penelitian mengenai peran mediasi dari leader-member exchange dalam hubungan antara conscientiousness dan perilaku berbagi pengetahuan guru. Guru yang rajin, pekerja keras, bertanggung jawab, dapat diandalkan akan mengembangkan kualitas hubungan baik dengan kepala sekolah, sehingga kepala sekolah cenderung memberikan sumber daya dan dukungan yang lebih. Hal tersebut selanjutnya akan mendorong guru untuk berbagi sumber daya, ilmu dan pengetahuan yang ia didapatkan kepada guru lainnya.

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This study aims to examine the role of leader member exchange as a mediator between conscientiousness and knowledge sharing behavior in senior high school teachers. The sample of study were senior high school teachers in the Jabodetabek area with at least one year of teaching experience (N = 219). Knowledge sharing behavior is measured by Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale, conscientiousness with NEO-4, and leader-member exchange with Leader-Member Exchange Multi-Dimensional Scale (LMX-MDM).

Results support the research model, suggesting that leader-member exchange mediate the relationship between conscientiousness and teachers knowledge sharing behavior. Teachers who are diligent, hard-working, responsible, will develop a high quality LMX with the principal, so that principals tend to provide more resources and support. This will encourage the teacher to share resources and knowledge that they gets to other teachers."

"Berbagai organisasi mengalami tantangan dan perubahan yang begitu cepat, sehingga perlu diimbangi dengan mengoptimalkan komitmen afektif organisasi (KAO) dari para karyawan. Peneliti berargumen bahwa LMX berpengaruh terhadap KAO. Dengan kata lain, semakin baik LMX akan semakin tinggi pula KAO yang dirasakannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan pengaruh LMX terhadap KAO dan membuktikan efektivitas intervensi berupa program pengembangan kepemimpinan dalam meningkatkan kualitas hubungan atasan-bawahan, yang terdiri dari pelatihan, one-on-one conversation, dan dilengkapi dengan leader-member work activities. Peneliti berargumen bahwa program intervensi tersebut dapat meningkatkan LMX yang nantinya akan berdampak pada meningkatnya KAO. Sebanyak 35 karyawan Plant C PT X berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, terdapat sepuluh orang leader Plant C PT X berpartisipasi dalam program intervensi. Desain Pre-test/Post-test digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengukur efektivitas dari intervensi yang diberikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LMX berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap KAO (β = 0,48; R2 = 0,23; p = 0,00). Sementara itu, intervensi yang diberikan belum dapat meningkatkan kualitas hubungan atasan-bawahan secara berarti sehingga peneliti menyarankan perusahaan untuk mengimplementasi one-on-one conversation secara kontinu, mengalokasikan waktu yang lebih terstruktur dan rutin, dan mengevaluasi serta mengoptimalkan program-program interaktif yang sudah ada sebelumnya.

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Many organizations experienced challenges and rapid changes. It is requires the optimation of affective organizational commitment (AOC) among employees in the organization. It is argued that the quality of leader-member relationship (LMX) influenced AOC. The better the relationship quality, the AOC will also increased.

This study aims to investigate that LMX can predict affective commitment, and also looks into the effectiveness of the leadership development intervention program which consisted of training, one-on-one conversation, and supplemented by leader-member work activities, in improving the relationship. It is argued that the intervention program can improve both the LMX and AOC. Thirty-five employees of Plant C, PT X participated in this study. Additional 10 employees then joined the intervention. Pre-test/post-test research design was used to measure the effectiveness of the intervention.

The result of this study showed that there was a significant influence from the LMX to AOC (β = 0,48; R2 = 0,23; p = 0,00). However, the intervention cannot be used to improve the relationship. Based on the result, there are some suggestion for the organization, such as the continuous implementation of the one-on-one conversation, allocating a better structure of time for the leaders, also both evaluate and optimize some existed interactive programs."

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