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"Understanding how leaders make foreign policy and national security decisions is of paramount importance for both the policy community and academia. It is our assertion that decisions in these domains can be explained best by tracing the cognitive process leaders go through in formulating and arriving at their decisions, using the applied decision analysis (ADA) method."

"Contents :Do not walk home -- Simplicity -- Time -- Accountability -- Resources -- Tracking -- Melioration -- Emotion -- Conclusion"

"Penting bagi pemasar untuk memahami konsumen agar mampu mengembangkan strategi pemasaran yang tepat. Tingkah laku konsumen dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, namun faktor individualitas konsumen merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling menentukan. Salah satu faktor individualitas yang paling banyak diteliti adalah mengenai gaya pengambilan keputusan konsumen, yang dianggap sebagai “tipe kepribadian konsumen”. Studi-studi terdahulu menunjukkan adanya pengelompokkan kepribadian secara geografis dan pengaruh spasial pada tingkah laku membeli. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini ingin mencari tahu kontribusi tiap tipe kepribadian serta peran spasial terhadap gaya pengambilan keputusan konsumen di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada N = 500 penduduk dewasa muda yang tersebar di 42 kecamatan Jakarta dengan menggunakan alat ukur Consumer Style Inventory (Sproles & Kendall, 1986) dan Big Five Inventory-44 (John dkk., 1991) yang telah diadaptasi. Hasil analisis Pearson’s correlation dan regresi berganda menunjukkan adanya kontribusi signifikan lima tipe kepribadian terhadap gaya pengambilan keputusan. Selain itu, pengujian autokorelasi spasial (Moran’s I) menunjukkan hubungan spasial yang sangat rendah terhadap gaya pengambilan keputusan (rata-rata r = 0,11, pseudo p-value = 0,001) pada penduduk dewasa muda DKI Jakarta.

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It is essential for marketers to understand their consumers so that they can develop the best and most suitable marketing strategies. Fundamentally, consumer behavior is influenced by many factors, but the consumer individuality is one of the most prominent factor. One of the individual factors is consumer decision-making styles, which often considered as “consumers’ personality”. Previous studies have shown that personality traits are geographically clustered and there is spatial influence on consumption behavior. Based on these studies, current study aimed to find the spatial effect on consumer decision-making styles and how personality traits contribute to each styles. This study is done towards N = 500 young adult Jakarta residents that spread across 42 districts, which data is collected by using Consumer Style Inventory (Sproles & Kendall, 1986) and Big Five Inventory (John dkk., 1991). Analysis examination using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression showed significant contributions of five personality traits on each of eight decision-making styles. Moreover, Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there is very low spatial effect on consumer decision-making styles (mean r = 0,11, pseudo p-value = 0,001) of DKI Jakarta residents."