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"The aim of this study was to examine and compare psychological factors influencing car drivers’ and motorcycle riders’ speeding intentions (IN), using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The psychological factors modules included Attitude (AT), Subjective Norm (SN) and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). These were employed to explain speeding intentions in urban road environments. A sample of 188 car drivers and 174 motorcycle riders were collected from the two universities within Khon Kaen, Thailand. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to examine and explain speeding intentions. The results indicated that the TPB could explain 33% and 41% of the variance of intentions by car drivers and motorcycle riders, respectively. The most significant psychological factor for car drivers was determined by attitude (AT), while the speeding intention of motorcycle riders was attributed to perceived behavioural control (PBC). The authorities in Khon Kaen Province should determine safety policies that can improve these psychological factors, which could have various effects or outcomes on changing car drivers’ and motorcycle riders’ speeding intentions. The outcome of this study could help to understand car drivers’ and motorcycle riders’ speeding intentions in urban road environments and it could be useful for development of safety measures."

"Pendahuluan: WHO melaporkan bahwa setidaknya terdapat 1,24 juta kematian per tahun di dunia akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Tanpa intervensi, jumlah ini akan terus meningkat hingga mencapai 1,9 juta kematian per tahun pada tahun 2020. Tingginya fatalitas dapat dikurangi dengan adanya penetapan peraturan yang memadai untuk penggunaan pelindung bagi pengendara sepeda motor. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik luka dengan peran pengguna sepeda motor (pengemudi/penumpang). Data diambil dari Laporan Pemeriksaan Forensik RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2014. Hasil: Didapati jumlah korban kecelakaan sepeda motor pada RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo sebesar 206 jiwa, 177 di antaranya memiliki keterangan sebagai pengemudi atau penumpang sepeda motor. Proporsi jumlah pengemudi dan jumlah penumpang pada kecelakaan sepeda motor di Jakarta adalah 3,92:1, yaitu 141 pengemudi dan 36 penumpang. Frekuensi luka pada anggota tubuh pada kasus kecelakaan sepeda motor di Jakarta terbanyak pada bagian ekstremitas atas (93.79%), diikuti oleh kepala, wajah, dan leher (93,22%), ekstremitas bawah (89,27%), thorax (75,71%) dan abdomen (40,68%). Keparahan luka pada kasus kecelakaan sepeda motor di Jakarta didominasi oleh luka skala 1, diikuti luka skala 2, dan luka skala 3. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara keparahan luka dan jumlah luka dengan posisi pengendara sepeda motor (p>0.05). Pembahasan: Tidak adanya hubungan karakteristik luka pada pengguna sepeda motor terjadi karena pengguna sepeda motor mengalami pola dinamika yang sama saat tabrakan. Mempertimbangkan tidak adanya perbedaan frekuensi, keparahan, dan jumlah luka pada pengemudi dan penumpang sepeda motor, maka alat pelindung perlu digunakan oleh keduanya.

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Introduction: Road Traffic Accident (RTA) has become a global problem. WHO reported that at least 1,24 million deaths due to RTA occur each year. Without intervention, this number will increase to 1,9 million deaths per year in 2020. Laws regarding safety driving only protect 7% of world population. This study is aimed to increase reference regarding protection for safety driving, focused on injury characteristic on motorcycle rider and pillion.

Method: Design of the study is cross-sectional. Data were extracted from Forensic Report of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Public Hospital year 2014. Number of RTA involving motorcycle is 206 case, 177 case fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Result: Proportion of riders compared to pillion is 3,92:1, composed of 141 riders and 36 pillions. Frequency of injury from highest to lowest is; upper extremity, head, face and neck, lower extremity, thorax, and abdmen. Injury severity from the most frequent to least frequent is; scale 1 injury, scale 2 injury, and scale 3 injury.

Discussion: Frequency of injury, severity, number of injury is not significantly related to position of motorcycle rider both rider or pillion (p>0,05). No difference in injury pattern between rider and pillion is caused by similiar dynamic pattern.Considering no significant relation of frequency, severity, and number of injury to motorcycle rider and pillion, both has to be protected."

"The aim of this studywas to examine and compare psychological factors influencing car drivers? andmotorcycle riders? speeding intentions (IN), using the Theory of PlannedBehaviour (TPB). The psychological factors modules included Attitude (AT),Subjective Norm (SN) and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). These wereemployed to explain speeding intentions in urban road environments. A sample of188 car drivers and 174 motorcycle riders were collected from the twouniversities within Khon Kaen, Thailand. The Structural Equation Model (SEM)was used to examine and explain speeding intentions. The results indicated thatthe TPB could explain 33% and 41% of the variance of intentions by car driversand motorcycle riders, respectively. The most significant psychological factorfor car drivers was determined by attitude (AT), while the speeding intentionof motorcycle riders was attributed to perceived behavioural control (PBC). Theauthorities in Khon Kaen Province should determine safety policies that canimprove these psychological factors, which could have various effects oroutcomes on changing car drivers? and motorcycle riders? speeding intentions.The outcome of this study could help to understand car drivers? and motorcycleriders? speeding intentions in urban road environments and it could be usefulfor development of safety measures."

"The aim of this study was to examine and compare the psychological factors influencing driver speeding behavior in 3 cities in Southeast Asia, focusing on developing counties, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Data was collected from 570 respondents in the urban areas of Khon Kaen in Thailand, Vientiane in Laos and Phnom Penh in Cambodia. The psychological factors of TPB include attitude (AT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). These factors were employed to explain speeding intentions in urban road environments. The Structural Equation Models (SEM) was used to examine and explain speeding intentions. The results indicated that the TPB could explain the variance by intentions of drivers in Khon Kaen, Vientiane and Phnom Penh at 33%, 46%, and 84%, respectively. The most significant of the psychological factors for Khon Kaen drivers was determined by AT, while the speeding intentions of Vientiane drivers and Phnom Penh drivers were determined by PBC. From this data, the authorities of each city should create and implement safety policies that can improve these psychological factors, which could have a positive effect on drivers’speeding intentions in urban road environments. The outcome of this study could be useful for understanding the speeding attitudes of drivers in three different countries and would be beneficial for the development and introduction of preventative safety measures in these countries as well."

"Selama periode 1990-2013, laju pertumbuhan jumlah sepeda motor di DKI Jakarta mencapai 12 persen/tahun, delapan kali lipat laju pertumbuhan penduduk. Hal ini merupakan potensi persoalan besar bagi perekonomian DKI Jakarta. Studi ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jumlah sepeda motor, inefisiensi penggunaanya dan potensi beban subsidi BBM. Berdasarkan analisis ekonometrika maupun data primer, disimpulkan bahwa faktor utama penentu pertumbuhan sepeda motor adalah pendapatan per kapita, tarif riil angkutan umum dalam kota, harga riil sepeda motor dan harga riil BBM. Sedangkan kebijakan kenaikan BBM tahun 2005 terbukti memicu kenaikan penggunaan sepeda motor. Sekalipun sepeda motor, merupakan alat transportasi termurah dan tercepat untuk jarak pendek (≤ 15 kilometer) namun secara ekonomi penggunaanya mahal/tidak efisien. Misalnya, jumlah sepeda motor yang ada sudah empat kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang dibutuhkan, yang menimbulkan masalah pemborosan energi. Bila subsidi BBM tetap Rp.1000/liter, hasil proyeksi menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi potensi subsidi BBM 2016-2020 dapat mencapai Rp.46 triliun.

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During the period 1990-2013, the rate of growth in the number of motorcycles in DKI Jakarta reached 12 percent / year, the rate eightfold of population growth. This is a potential problem for the economy of DKI Jakarta. This study analyzes the factors that influence the number of motorcycles, the inefficiency of its use and the potential burden of fuel subsidies. Based on the econometric analysis and primary data, it was concluded that the determining factor for the growth of the motorcycle is income per capita, real rates of public transport in the city, the real price of a motorcycle and the real price of fuel. While the fuel price hike policy in 2005 proved to trigger an increase in the use of motorcycles. Even motorcycles, the cheapest and fastest means of transportation for short distances (≤ 15 kilometers), but its use is economically expensive / not efficient. For example, the number of motorcycles that there are already four times greater than required, which raises the problem of energy wastage. When the fuel subsidies remain Rp.1000 / liter, the projection indicates that the accumulation potential fuel subsidy from 2016 to 2020 can reach Rp.46 trillion."

"Fenomena mudik menggunakan sepeda motor sudah menjadi trendalam 5 tahun terakhir, meski risiko yang diakibatkannya adalah fatal. Berdasarkan catatan Mabes Polri selama arus mudik dan arus balik lebaran 50% kecelakaan terjadi pada kendaraan roda dua dengan penyebab dasar adalah kesalahan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi pengendara motor terhadap risiko terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas menjelang hari raya lebaran 2012. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan dengan desain cross sectional ini menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 106 responden pengendara motor yang pernah mudik dengan menggunakan kendaraan bermotor. Faktor-faktor pembentuk pada persepsi ini adalah pengetahuan, motivasi, pengalaman kecelakaan, sarana dan prasarana jalan, serta kondisi kendaraan. Persepsi yang baik belum tentu menimbulkan perilaku yang baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan persepsi pengendara motor terhadap risiko terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas menjelang hari raya lebaran.

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The phenomenon of going home to the village by motorcycle towards Eid to be a trend in the last 5 years, although the resulting risk is fatal. Based on the record of the Police Headquarters during homecoming and backflow widths 50% accidents occur in two-wheeler with the underlying cause was human error. The purpose of this study was to determine how the perception of riders on the risk of traffic accidents towards Eid 2012. Quantitative research with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire distributed to 106 respondents riders who is ever going home by motorcycles. Factors forming the perception is knowledge, motivation, experience accidents, road infrastructure, and the condition of the vehicle. Good perception not necessarily lead to good behavior. This study shows the risk perception of riders about traffic accidents towards Eid."

"The aim of this studywas to examine and compare the psychological factors influencing driverspeeding behavior in 3 cities in Southeast Asia, focusing on developingcounties, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Data was collected from570 respondents in the urban areas of Khon Kaen in Thailand, Vientiane in Laosand Phnom Penh in Cambodia. The psychological factors of TPB include attitude(AT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Thesefactors were employed to explain speeding intentions in urban roadenvironments. The Structural Equation Models (SEM) was used to examine andexplain speeding intentions. The results indicated that the TPB could explainthe variance by intentions of drivers in Khon Kaen, Vientiane and Phnom Penh at33%, 46%, and84%, respectively. The most significant of the psychological factors for KhonKaen drivers was determined by AT, while the speeding intentions of Vientianedrivers and Phnom Penh drivers were determined by PBC. From this data, theauthorities of each city should create and implement safety policies that canimprove these psychological factors, which could have a positive effect ondrivers?speeding intentions in urban road environments. The outcome of thisstudy could be useful for understanding the speeding attitudes of drivers inthree different countries and would be beneficial for the development andintroduction of preventative safety measures in these countries as well."

"Pengendara ojek online yang memiliki durasi dan frekuensi berkendara yang tinggi merupakan salah satu kelompok pengendara dengan risiko terbesar ketika berkendara. Oleh karena itu penting bagi pengendara ojek online untuk selalu menerapkan perilaku keselamatan berkendara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi perilaku keselamatan berkendara dan menganalisis faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku keselamatan berkendara pada pengendara ojek online Kota Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan kuesioner Indonesian Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) serta kuesioner tambahan lainnya yang disebar secara daring dan luring terhadap 100 pengendara ojek online Kota Depok. Variabel yang diteliti adalah faktor internal (usia, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja, pengalaman kecelakaan, keterampilan berkendara, persepsi risiko, sikap) dan faktor eksternal (keikutsertaan pelatihan berkendara) serta perilaku keselamatan berkendara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 61% pengendara ojek online yang memiliki perilaku keselamatan berkendara baik. Ditemukan juga hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap, persepsi risiko, dan keikutsertaan pelatihan terhadap perilaku keselamatan berkendara. berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya pengendalian dengan cara mengidentifikasi perilaku berkendara pada pengendara dengan cara melakukan evaluasi berkala, mengembangkan program pelatihan yang bersifat interaktif dan berkelanjutan, serta memanfaatkan teknologi pada aplikasi untuk membantu melakukan evaluasi, edukasi, dan sosialisasi keselamatan berkendara.

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Online motorcycle taxi riders are one of the groups of riders with the greatest risk when riding because of their high duration and frequency of riding. Therefore, it is important for online motorcycle taxi riders to always implement safety riding behavior. This study aims to identify the prevalence of safety riding behavior and analyze the factors associated with safety riding behavior among online motorcycle taxi drivers in Depok. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design using the Indonesian Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) and other additional questionnaires distributed online and offline to 100 online motorcycle taxi riders in Depok. The variables studied were internal factors (age, education level, years of service, accident experience, riding skills, risk perception, attitudes) and external factors (participation in safety riding training) as well as safety riding behavior itself. The results showed that there were 61% of online motorcycle taxi riders who had good safety riding behavior. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between attitude, risk perception, and participation in safety riding training. Based on these results, it is necessary to carry out various control efforts to improve safety riding behavior by identifying riding behavior in motorists by conducting periodic evaluations, developing interactive and sustainable training programs, and utilizing the technology through applications to help evaluate, educate, and socialize safety riding on online motorcycle taxi riders"

"Apa yang dewasa ini dikenal luas sebagai perekonomian gig adalah hasil perkembangan perkembangan teknologi digital, khususnya penggunaan aplikasi yang mudah digunakan masyarakat secara massal. Ekonomi gig yang mampu membuat murah transaksi antara konsumen, produsen, dan pedagang mengandalkan teknologi digital dan juga hubungan kerja sistem kontrak independen/kemitraan, yang biasa disebut sebagai pekerja gig. Kondisi pekerja gig umumnya bersifat rentan karena jam kerja yang panjang dan bayaran berbasis proyek tanpa adanya gaji pokok. Penting untuk diperhatikan bahwa sejak tahun 2015, di beberapa negara muncul fenomena para pekerja gig, khususnya yang berada di sektor pengantaran online, dalam membentuk organisasi-organisasi kolektif dan melakukan resistensi untuk sebagai respon terhadap kondisi kerentanan yang mereka alami. Penelitian ini membandingkan resistensi yang dilakukan oleh pekerja gig pengantaran daring di dua negara, yaitu pekerja gig yang bekerja untuk di perusahaan platform Gojek (Indonesia) dan Deliveroo (Inggris). Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori aspek ekonomi politik dalam perekonomian gig (Woodcock 2019) guna menjelaskan tentang mengapa regulasi negara dan kekuatan pekerja dapat mempengaruhi bentuk resistensi pekerja gig daring di kedua negara. Penelitian ini menemukan regulasi ketenagakerjaan yang tidak memposisikan pekerja gig dan kekuatan pekerja dalam membentuk organisasi-organisasi kolektif turut mempengaruhi bentuk dan cara resistensi yang dilakukan dalam merespon kondisi kerentanan kerja yang dihadapi oleh pekerja gig.

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The gig economy, which is able to make cheap transactions between consumers, producers, and traders, relies on digital technology as well as the working relationship of an independent contracting system/partnership, commonly referred to as gig workers. The condition of gig workers is generally vulnerable due to long working hours and project-based pay without a base salary. It is important to note that since 2015, in several countries the phenomenon of gig workers, especially those in the online delivery sector, has emerged in forming collective organizations and carrying out resistance to respond to the precarity they experience. This study compares the resistance of online delivery gig workers in two countries, namely gig workers who work for the platform companies Gojek (Indonesia) and Deliveroo (England). This study uses a theoretical framework of political economy aspects in the gig economy (Woodcock 2019) to explain why state regulations and labor power can influence the form of online gig worker resistance in both countries. This research finds that employment regulations that positions gig workers as non-workers influence, as well as the power of workers in forming collective organizations, influence the forms and methods of resistance carried out in response to the conditions of work precarity faced by gig workers."

"Meningkatnya pengendara sepeda motor pada ruas-ruas jalan di kota-kota besar, khususnya Jakarta memberikan permasalahan baru bagi dunia transportasi. Kehadiran serta karakter fleksibel yang dimiliki sepeda motor di atas jalan membuat arus lalu lintas menjadi acak, kecelakaan meningkat, kendaraan lain pun harus lebih hati-hati dalam berkendara sehingga waktu perjalanan pun menjadi semakin kecil.Dari masalah-masalah yang muncul seperti itu maka timbul gagasan untuk membuat jalur yang khusus digunakan oleh pengendara sepeda motor yang tidak lain dimunculkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja ruas jalan. Melalui pengamatan dengan merekam arus lalu-lintas serta melakukan interpretasi data dari rekaman tersebut diperoleh hubungan antara kecepatan dan volume lalu-lintas pada kebutuhan jarak samping aman sepeda motor, yang tentu berpengaruh pada penentuan lebar jalur khusus sepeda motor yang digunakan.Pada kasus pengamatan segmen ruas Jalan Buncit Raya Pulo arah Pasar Minggu di kawasan Jakarta Selatan yang terdiri dari jalur cepat dan jalur lambat, hasil dari desain jalur khusus sepeda motor menaikkan kinerja jalur cepat pada jam sibuk dari Q/C 0,8 menjadi 0,75. Meskipun kinerja jalur lambat berubah dari nilai Q/C 0,48 menjadi 0,67, namun berdasarkan ketentuan IHCM 1997, Q/C 0,67 pada jam sibuk merupakan derajat kejenuhan yang baik karena tidak melebihi nilai standar derajat kejenuhan jam sibuk yaitu sebesar 0,75.

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An increase of motorcycle rider in urban roads, especially in Jakarta, results transportation problems. Their flexibility and attendance in an urban road makes the traffic flows uncertain, accident increases, and it causes other vehicles drive more carefully and slowly so the travel time come longer than usual.Based on those problems, idea to make the traffic flows more convenient and comfort is facilitated in an exclusive motorcycle lane that used by motorcycle only. By observation of the traffic flow, interpretation data, and then analyzing them, derived speed-volume correlations considering to the demand of the safe side width of motorcycle obviously influences the design of motorcycle lane width.Research conducted in road segment of Jalan Buncit Raya Pulo to Pasar Minggu at South Jakarta, consisting of fast lane and slow lane, results that design of motorcycle lane can increase and repair the condition of traffic flow in fast lane on congested condition, Q/C value 0,8 decreases to 0,75. It means better than existing condition. Even though Q/C value 0,48 in slow lane increases to 0,67 on congested condition, based on IHCM 1997, it is not a bad Degree of Saturation (DS) because of below to Q/C standard value for congested condition, 0,75."