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"Resiliensi merupakan kemampuan untuk bangkit kembali ketika menghadapi situasi menekan. Resiliensi dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hal sepanjang kehidupan individu. Penelitian ini fokus meneliti bagaimana resiliensi dipengaruhi situasi yang terjadi di masa kecil, dalam hal ini kekerasan dalam pengasuhan yang disebut sebagai Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara korelasional menggunakan instrumen Brief Resilience Scale (BRS, Smith dkk., 2008) untuk mengukur karakteristik resiliensi individu dan Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein dkk., 2003) untuk mengukur pengalaman ACE individu. Penelitian ini melibatkan 255 dewasa muda di Indonesia berusia 18-29 tahun (M = 24.61, SD = 2.721). Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa resiliensi individu dapat diprediksi secara negatif dan signifikan oleh ACE (β=-0.19, SE=0.01, p=0,002), dengan semakin tinggi ACE individu maka semakin rendah resiliensi yang dimiliki individu. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk meneliti ACE terhadap resiliensi secara longitudinal.

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Resilience is the ability to bounce back when faced with challenging situations. Resilience can be influenced by various factors throughout an individual's life. This study focuses on examining how resilience is affected by situations experienced during childhood, specifically adverse caregiving experiences known as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE). This correlational study utilized the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS; Smith et al., 2008) to measure individual resilience characteristics and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to assess participants' ACE. The study involved 255 young adults in Indonesia aged 18–29 years (M = 24.61, SD = 2.721). Regression analysis results showed that individual resilience can be predicted negatively and significantly by ACE (β=-0.19, SE=0.01, p=0.002), where higher individual ACE scores are associated with lower individual resilience. Future research is recommended to investigate ACE and resilience longitudinally.

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"Perkembangan teknologi menyediakan sarana baru untuk melakukan kekerasan dalam hubungan romantis, yang disebut sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), yang kerap kali terjadi pada usia dewasa muda. Penelitian terdahulu menemukan bahwa anxious attachment berhubungan dengan CIPA dan adverse childhood experience (ACE), yang merupakan prediktor kuat dari CIPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran mediasi anxious attachment dalam hubungan antara ACE dan CIPA pada individu dewasa muda di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 instrumen penelitian, yaitu (1) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) untuk mengukur CIPA; (2) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) untuk mengukur ACE; dan (3) Experience in Close Relationship Scale-Revised 18 (ECR-R-18; Margaretha, 2020; Wongparkan & Wongparkan, 2012) untuk mengukur anxious attachment. Sampel penelitian ini berasal dari 941 partisipan dengan rata-rata usia 22.7 tahun, yang sedang atau pernah menjalani hubungan romantis serta menggunakan teknologi untuk menjalani hubungan romantis. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa ACE dapat memprediksi perilaku CIPA secara signifikan dan positif. Hasil analisis mediasi juga menunjukkan bahwa anxious attachment berperan sebagai mediator parsial dalam hubungan ACE dan CIPA. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi pada pengembangan usaha preventif dan intervensi CIPA.

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Technology developments have resulted in a new form of violence often occurring in young adult romantic relationships, namely cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA). While previous findings show anxious attachment and adverse childhood experience (ACE) as strong predictors of CIPA, this study aims to look at the mediating role of anxious attachment in the relationship between ACE and CIPA in young adults in Indonesia. This study uses 3 research instruments, namely (1) Cyber ??Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) to measure CIPA; (2) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to measure ACE; and (3) Experience in Close Relationship Scale-Revised 18 (ECR-R-18; Margaretha, 2020; Wongparkan & Wongparkan, 2012) to measure anxious attachment. This study takes samples from 941 participants with an average age of 22.7 years who are currently or have previously been committed in a romantic relationship. The results of the regression analysis shows that ACE can predict CIPA behavior significantly and positively. The results of the mediation analysis also show that anxious attachment acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between ACE and CIPA. This research has implications for the development of CIPA preventive and intervention efforts."

"Berbagai studi telah dilakukan mengenai keterkaitan antara pengalaman sulit di masa kecil dengan depresi dan keterkaitan makna hidup dengan depresi. Peran kedua variabel tersebut terhadap depresi juga telah diteliti, akan tetapi, belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan peran keduanya terhadap depresi, khususnya pada populasi dewasa muda di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran pengalaman sulit di masa kecil dan makna hidup (keberadaan makna dan pencarian makna) terhadap depresi pada dewasa muda. Partisipan penelitian adalah dewasa muda yang berasal dari wilayah Jabodetabek (N=482), yang diberikan kuesioner BDI-II untuk mengukur depresi, ACE-Q untuk mengukur pengalaman sulit di masa kecil, dan MLQ untuk mengukur makna hidup. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis multiple linear regression menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman sulit di masa kecil memprediksi depresi secara positif, makna hidup pada dimensi keberadaan makna memprediksi depresi secara negatif, dan dimensi pencarian makna memprediksi depresi secara positif. Dibandingkan pengalaman sulit di masa kecil, makna hidup merupakan prediktor yang lebih kuat terhadap depresi, khususnya dimensi keberadaan makna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kesadaran masayarakat mengenai makna hidup sebagai faktor resiko depresi perlu ditingkatkan dan praktisi kesehatan sebaiknya tidak fokus pada faktor resiko lingkungan saja, namun juga pada faktor resiko personal.

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Many studies have done research about the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression and the relationship between meaning in life and depression. The role of those two variables in depression has also been done, however, there isn't any research that compares the role of both variables in depression, specifically, in the young adults population in Indonesia. This study aims to test the role of adverse childhood experiences and meaning in life (presence of meaning and searching for meaning) in depression in young adults. Participants of this study are young adults who live in Jabodetabek (N=482), who were given BDI-II questionnaire to measure depression, ACE-Q to measure adverse childhood experiences, and MLQ to measure meaning in life. The results of this study, using multiple linear regression, showed that adverse childhood experiences predicted depression positively, meaning in life in Presence Of Meaning dimension predicted depression negatively, and meaning in life in Search For Meaning dimension predicted depression positively Compared to adverse childhood experiences, meaning in life is the stronger predictor in depression, especially, in the dimension of presence of meaning. According to the results of this study, public awareness of meaning in life as a risk factor for depression needs to be raised and health practitioners should not just focus on the environmental risk factors that might cause depression, but also on personal risk factors."

"Kualitas hidup merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam kehidupan seseorang. Adverse childhood experiences yang dialami individu selama masa perkembangan dapat mengganggu tingkat kualitas hidup. Peneliti mendapatkan 181 partisipan berusia 18-25 tahun yang berasal dari 30 provinsi di Indonesia. Psychological flexibility diukur dengan Comp-ACT (Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Treatment Processes), kualitas hidup diukur dengan WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version), dan adverse childhood experiences diukur menggunakan WHO ACE-IQ (World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire). Hasil analisis regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan bahwa psychological flexibility berperan signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup individu dewasa muda yang mengalami adverse childhood experiences. Dalam penelitian ini, psychological flexibility, beserta dimensi-dimensinya, mampu memprediksi kualitas hidup individu dewasa muda yang mengalami adverse childhood experiences. Psychological flexibility secara signifikan berhubungan positif dengan kualitas hidup individu dewasa muda yang mengalami adverse childhood experiences.

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Quality of life is one of the important aspects of an individual's life. Adverse childhood experiences encountered during developmental stages can disrupt the level of quality of life. Researchers obtained 181 participants aged 18-25 years from 30 provinces in Indonesia. Psychological flexibility was measured using the Comp-ACT (Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Treatment Processes), quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version), and adverse childhood experiences were measured using the WHO ACE-IQ (World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire). The results of a simple linear regression analysis showed that psychological flexibility plays a significant role in the quality of life of young adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences. In this study, psychological flexibility and its dimensions were proven to predict the quality of life of young adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences. Psychological flexibility is significantly positively related to the quality of life of young adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences."

"Literatur menunjukkan bahwa kedua bentuk kekerasan hubungan intim, yakni secara langsung yang disebut sebagai in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) dan secara siber yang disebut sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), kerap kali terjadi pada populasi dewasa muda. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, IPA dan CIPA dapat diprediksi oleh adverse childhood experience (ACE) melalui proses belajar sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peran ACE dalam memprediksi IPA dan CIPA, serta menguji hubungan antara kedua bentuk kekerasan tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 945 individu dewasa muda di Indonesia yang pernah atau sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Instrumen-instrumen yang digunakan adalah Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) untuk mengukur tindakan IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins dkk., 2018) untuk mengukur tindakan CIPA; dan (3) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ- SF; Bernstein dkk., 2003) untuk mengukur ACE. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa dimensi physical assault, psychological aggression, dan sexual coercion dari IPA dan perilaku CIPA secara keseluruhan dapat diprediksi secara signifikan dan positif oleh ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.016, SE=0.002, p>0.001; β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). Seluruh dimensi IPA ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan CIPA (p<0.001). Implikasi hasil penelitian serta saran metodologis dan praktis dibahas lebih lanjut.

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The literature shows that both direct and online forms of intimate partner aggression, known as in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) and cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), are common in the young adult population. Based on earlier studies, IPA and CIPA can be predicted by adverse childhood experience (ACE) through social learning processes. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of ACE in predicting IPA and CIPA, as well as the relationship between the two forms of intimate partner aggression. This study involved 945 young adults in Indonesia who were or are currently in a romantic relationship. The instruments used were Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) to measure IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) to measure CIPA; and (3) the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to measure ACE. The results of the regression analysis showed that the dimensions of IPA (physical assault, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion) and CIPA can be predicted significantly and positively by ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.016, SE=0.002 , p>0.001; =0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). All dimensions of IPA were also found to have a positive and significant relationship with CIPA (p<0.001). The implications of the research as well as methodological and practical suggestions are discussed further."

"Beberapa tahun terakhir, terdapat peningkatan isu perceraian dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Indonesia, termasuk pada pasangan dewasa muda. Tingginya isu rumah tangga dapat menjadi indikasi bahwa pasangan dewasa muda kurang mampu mengatasi ketegangan yang terjadi sehingga memengaruhi relationship satisfaction. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa adverse childhood experience (ACE) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terhadap ketidakmampuan pasangan dalam mengatasi konflik pada masa dewasanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran kemampuan self-compassion sebagai moderator dalam hubungan ACE dan relationship satisfaction pada kelompok dewasa muda dalam hubungan pernikahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire untuk mengukur jumlah pengalaman sulit yang dialami pada masa kanak-kanak, Relationship Assessment Scale untuk mengukur kepuasan hubungan romantis, dan Self-Compassion Scale untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan self-compassion. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 258 dewasa muda (20 – 40 tahun) di Jabodetabek dengan mayoritas adalah partisipan wanita (78.7%). Multiple regression analysis menunjukkan bahwa self-compassion (β=-1.48, p<.05) beserta dengan ketiga dimensinya, mampu memoderatori dengan melemahkan hubungan negatif ACE dan relationship satisfaction. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa self-compassion mampu meningkatkan relationship satisfaction meskipun pasangan pernah mengalami ACE. Limitasi dari penelitian ini adalah teknik sampling yang digunakan merupakan convenience sampling sehingga tidak semua partisipan memiliki ACE dan tidak meratanya proporsi sampel.

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the issues of divorce and domestic violence in Indonesia, including among young adult couples. This rise may indicate that young adult couples struggle to manage tension, affecting their relationship satisfaction. Studies have identified adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as a risk factor for adult couples' inability to resolve conflicts. This study aims to investigate the role of self-compassion as a moderator in the relationship between ACE and relationship satisfaction among young married adults. The study utilized the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire to assess the number of adverse childhood experiences, the Relationship Assessment Scale to measure romantic relationship satisfaction, and the Self-Compassion Scale to assess self-compassion levels. Participants included 258 young adults (aged 20 – 40) in the Jabodetabek, with a majority being female (78.7%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that self-compassion (β=-1.48, p<.05) and its three dimensions moderated the negative relationship between ACE and relationship satisfaction. It can be concluded that self-compassion can enhance relationship satisfaction despite partners having experienced ACE. A limitation of this study is the use of convenience sampling, leading to not all participants having ACE and an uneven sample proportion."

"Penelitian kuantitatif ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan trait kepribadian dengan gejala depresi pada individu yang mengalami adverse childhood experience dan berdomisili di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek) dan berusia 18-29 tahun. Pengukuran terhadap trait kepribadian menggunakan instrumen Mini-IPIP, sedangkan ACEs diukur dengan ACE-Q, dan gejala depresi diukur dengan BDI-II. Penelitian melibatkan 250 partisipan dengan rata-rata skor ACEs 2, rata-rata gejala depresi minimal, dan kecenderungan memiliki trait kepribadian yang sedang. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan trait extraversion (b = -0.14, p < 0.05) dan trait conscientiousness (b = -0.25, p < 0.05) memiliki pengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatifdalam hubungan ACEs dan gejala depresi. Sedangkan trait neuroticism berpengaruh signifikan secara positif (b = 0.49, p < 0.01).

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This quantitative research is aimed to look at the relationship between personality traits

and symptom of depression in individuals who experienced adverse childhood

experiences and live in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) and

aged 18-29 years. The personality traits was measured using the Mini-IPIP as the instrument, while ACEs was measured by ACE-Q, and depression tendency was

measured by BDI-II. The research involved 250 participants with an average ACEs score of two, an average of minimal symptom of depression, and a tendency to have moderate personality traits. The regression analysis showed that extraversion (b = -0.14, p <0.05) and conscientiousness (b = -0.25, p <0.05) had a significant effect in a negative direction on the relationship between ACEs and depression tendency. Meanwhile, neuroticism had

a significant positive effect on the relationship (b = 0.49, p < 0.01)."

"Isu kesehatan jiwa dan mental terus menunjukkan prevalensi yang signifikan dalam masyarakat saat ini. Hal ini dapat disebabkan salah-satunya dari kurangnya kemampuan individu dalam regulasi emosi. Emosi merupakan aspek psikologis yang perannya sangat penting dalam menentukan kualitas perilaku manusia. Kemampuan regulasi emosi seseorang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu masa kecil kurang menyenangkan atau Adverse Childhood Experiences. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Adverse Childhood Experiences dengan regulasi emosi pada individu dewasa muda. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan instrumen penelitian Adverse Childhood Experiences 10 Questionnaire dan Emotion Regulation Questionnaire yang diberikan kepada responden sebanyak 100 orang dewasa muda yang berdomisili di kecamatan Kiaracondong, kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Adverse Childhood Experiences dengan regulasi emosi pada responden (p=0.503>0,05). Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang variabel lain seperti tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, dan dukungan sosial yang dapat mempengaruhi regulasi emosi.

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Mental health issues continue to show significant prevalence in today's society. This can be caused by a lack of individual ability in emotional regulation. Emotion is a psychological aspect that plays a very important role in determining the quality of human behavior. A person's ability to regulate emotions is influenced by several factors, one of which is an unpleasant childhood or Adverse Childhood Experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and emotional regulation in young adults. The research design used was cross-sectional with the research instruments Adverse Childhood Experiences 10 Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire given to 100 young adults domiciled in Kiaracondong District, Bandung City. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and emotional regulation in respondents (p = 0.503> 0.05). Further research is needed on other variables such as level of knowledge, level of education, and social support that may influence emotion regulation."

"Jumlah warga Negara Indonesia yang melakukan bunuh diri adalah sebesar 11 juta orang dengan memiliki latar belakang depresi. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 50% orang yang mengalami adverse childhood experience akan berakhir memiliki gejala depresi di masa dewasa. Jenis attachment style di masa dewasa juga berhubungan dengan adverse childhood experience dan berkontribusi dalam memunculkan gejala depresi. Penelitian kali ini mencoba melihat hubungan antara adverse childhood experience, jenis attachment style di masa dewasa, dan gejala depresi. Gejala depresi diukur menggunakan Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), adverse childhood experience diukur dengan menggunakan Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE), dan attachment style di masa dewasa diukur dengan menggunakan Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). Penelitian kali ini dilakukan terhadap 482 orang dewasa muda di jabodetabek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara adverse childhood experience (r = 0,388, n = 482, p < 0,01). Adverse childhood experience memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan paling besar dengan anxious attachment style di masa dewasa dibandingkan dengan jenis attachment lain (r = 0,271, n = 482, p < 0,01). Anxious attachment style di masa dewasa juga memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan paling tinggi dengan gejala depresi dibandingkan dengan jenis attachment lainnya (r = 0,486, n = 482, p < 0,01). Penelitian ini memiliki limitasi yakni kriteria partisipan yang kurang terfokus terhadap orang-orang yang pernah mengalami adverse childhood experience dan proporsi sampel yang kurang merata.

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The number of Indonesian citizens who commit suicide is 11 million people with a background of depression. Previous research has shown that as many as 50% of people who experience bad childhood experiences end up with depressive symptoms in adulthood. This type of stylistic attachment in adulthood is also associated with adverse childhood experiences and contributes to depressive symptoms. The current study looks at the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, types of attachment styles in adulthood, and symptoms of depression. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), adverse childhood experiences as measured using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE), and attachment style in adulthood measured using the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). The current research was conducted on 482 young adults in Jabodetabek. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between bad experiences during childhood (r = 0.388, n = 482, p <0.01). Adverse childhood experiences had a significant and greatest association with anxious attachment style in adulthood compared with other attachment types (r = 0.271, n = 482, p <0.01). Anxious attachment style in adulthood also had a significant and highest association with depressive symptoms compared to other types of attachments (r = 0.486, n = 482, p <0.01). The limitations of this study are, the criteria of participants are less focused on people who have experienced adverse childhood experience and the proportion of the sample is not evenly distributed."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana individu dewasa muda yang pernah mengalami Adverse Childhood Experience memaknai hubungan romantis dengan memahami pengalaman masa kecil yang menyakitkan, pola asuh, dan proses sosialisasi gender yang dialami oleh masing-masing partisipan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe fenomenologi. Peneliti mewawancarai 4 partisipan perempuan dan 2 partisipan laki-laki di rentang usia 19-24 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa pengalaman masa kecil yang menyakitkan, pola asuh, dan proses sosialisasi gender yang dialami berpengaruh pada bagaimana partisipan memandang diri dan pasangan, konflik serta kekerasan dalam hubungan romantis, serta bagaimana mereka mendefinisikan hubungan romantis yang sehat. Pengaruh tersebut menghambat partisipan dalam membangun kompetensi romantis yang baik sehingga mempersulit partisipan untuk membangun hubungan romantis yang sehat. Kesulitan yang dialami partisipan berbeda-beda. Ada yang mengalami kesulitan untuk keluar dari hubungan romantis yang berkekerasan, ada partisipan yang memutuskan hubungan romantis karena takut untuk merasakan emosi positif, dan ada partisipan yang melakukan kekerasan kepada pasangan. Walaupun begitu, lebih dari separuhnya menunjukkan peningkatan kompetensi romantis, belajar dari pengalaman menjalin hubungan romantis sebelumnya

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This study aims to find out how young adults who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experience interpret romantic relationships by understanding painful childhood experiences, parenting patterns, and the process of gender socialization experienced by each participant. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological type. Researcher interviewed 4 female participants and 2 male participants in the age range of 19-24 years. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that painful childhood experiences, parenting, and the process of gender socialization experienced affect how participants view themselves and their partners, conflict, and violence in romantic relationships, and how they define healthy romantic relationships. This influence inhibits participants from building good romantic competence, making it difficult for them to build healthy romantic relationships. The difficulties experienced by the participants varied. There are those who have difficulty getting out of violent romantic relationships, there are participants who break off romantic relationships because they are afraid to feel positive emotions, and there are participants who commit violence to their partners. Even so, more than half showed increased romantic competence by learning from experiences in previous romantic relationships."