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"This paper presents a general survey of borrowing within the Malayic language family, in which both the source and the recipient languages are either varieties of Malay/Indonesian, or other closely-related Malayic languages. The survey provides empirical evidence for a generalization governing the directionality of borrowing, specifying that the donor variety tends to be higher than the recipient variety on a scale of exotericity, making reference to a set of features of a broadly sociolinguistic nature. In terms of a sociolinguistically-based typology of Malayic varieties, the most frequent instances of borrowing within Malayic are from Standard Malay and Indonesian into koiné varieties and traditional dialects, as well as from koiné varieties into traditional dialects."

"Studi yang dilakukan adalah tentang sikap bahasa di komunitas Suriah. Hal ini dirancang untuk mengeksplorasi sikap yang dimiliki orang Suriah terhadap dialek mereka dan dialek lainnya terkait bahasa yang digunakan dalam memengaruhi penilaian orang lain. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui dialek apa yang dianggap orang Suriah paling bergengsi di antara tujuh dialek yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Hal ini didasarkan pada Lambert’s matched guise technique (1960) untuk menguji sikap yang dimiliki oleh orang Suriah terhadap penutur berbagai dialek di negara tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini diambil dari kuesioner dan skor yang dikumpulkan dari tujuh (7) rekaman dialek di Suriah (Damaskus, Aleppian, Homsi, Hourani, Diriyah, Saheliah/Pesisir, dan As-Suwayda) untuk mengetahui sikap orang Suriah terhadap dialek tersebut. Pembicara yang terekam dalam cerita “Little Red Riding Hood” adalah 3 laki-laki dengan dua puluh delapan (28) pendengar yang terdiri dari perempuan dan laki-laki dalam jumlah sama. Temuan ini mengungkapkan bahwa Suriah didorong oleh stereotip dan ide-ide yang dibangun secara sosial dalam reaksi mereka terhadap dialek Suriah lainnya dan terbukti bahwa dialek yang dianggap prestise (bergengsi) berbeda dari setiap pendengar.

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The study at hand is about language attitudes in the Syrian community. It is designed to explore the attitudes Syrians have to their dialect and other Syrian dialects and whether the language we use affects the judgment people make about us. The study as well aims to know what dialect Syrians consider the prestige one among the seven dialects included in this study. It is based on Lambert’s matched guise technique (1960) to test the attitudes held by Syrians towards speakers of various dialects there. The data in this research are taken from a questionnaire and are scores collected from recordings of seven dialects in Syria (Damascene, Aleppian, Homsi, Hourani, Diriyah, Saheliah/ Coastal, and As-Suwayda) to know the Syrians’ attitudes towards these dialects. Speakers who recorded the text of “Little Red Riding Hood” are 3 males and listeners were 28; both females and males equally. Findings revealed that Syrians are driven by the stereotyped and socially-constructed ideas in their reactions to other Syrian dialects and that the prestige dialect differs according to listeners."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran mediasi pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar psikologis terhadap hubungan antara persepsi dukungan makna belajar dari dosen dan keterlibatan belajar mahasiswa. Jawaban dari hasil penelitian ini penting untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas keterlibatan belajar, yang mampu menjadi intervensi awal dalam menekan angka putus kuliah. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner, dengan partisipan sebanyak 736 mahasiswa tingkat satu. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Engagement Learning Index untuk mengukur keterlibatan belajar, Personal Meaning Profile untuk mengukur persepsi dukungan makna belajar mahasiswa dari dosen dan Basic Psychological Needs Scale untuk mengukur pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar psikologis. Data yang terhimpun dianalisis menggunakan regresi mediasi Hayess. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan kebutuhan psikologis secara signifikan memediasi secara parsial terhadap hubungan antara persepsi dukungan makna belajar dari dosen dan keterlibatan belajar mahasiswa. Temuan dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa dukungan makna belajar dari dosen berperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar psikologis untuk meningkatkan kualitas keterlibatan belajar mahasiswa.

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The study aimed to answer, 'Is the fulfillment of basic psychological needs can be mediator between teacher's meaning support in learning and student engagement'. The answer of this research is important to improve the quality of student engagement, that can be the first intervention in reducing the drop out rate.

This is quantative reasearch with self report quesionnaire. 736 participans on first rate student. The measuring instruments are Engagement Learning Index to measure student engagement, Personal Meaning Profile to measure the perception teacher's meaning support in learning and Basic Psychological Needs Scale to measure the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. The collected data were analyzed using Hayess mediation regression.

The result of this research revealed that fulfillment of psychological needs significantly became a partial mediator between the perception teacher's meaning support in learning and Student Engagement. Finding from this study show that teachers have an important role in meeting basic psychological needs, to improve the quality of student engagement."

"This study examines the effect of homework compliance on treatment outcome in 123 participants receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for cocaine dependence. Regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between homework compliance and cocaine use that was moderated by readiness to change. Homework compliance predicted less cocaine use during treatment but only for participants higher in readiness to change. For those lower in readiness to change, homework compliance was not associated with cocaine use during treatment. Homework compliance early in therapy was associated with better retention in treatment. Homework compliance was not predicted by participants' level of education or readiness to change. These findings support the use of homework during CBT for substance use disorders."

"Relations among parents' psychological difficulties (i.e., depressive symptoms, overt anger), dysfunctional attributions for child misbehavior, and inept discipline were investigated in a representative community sample of 451 mothers and 449 fathers. Depressive symptoms and anger were hypothesized to relate to discipline via their link with parents' attributions. Path analyses revealed that depressive symptoms predicted parent-centered causal attributions (i.e., stable, global, and dispositional), which, in turn, related to laxness. Depressive symptoms also predicted child-centered responsibility attributions (i.e., controllable, intentional, and negative), which, in turn, related to overreactivity. Anger predicted overreactivity directly. The patterns of relations were similar for fathers and mothers. The importance of addressing parents' psychological difficulties and dysfunctional attributions in interventions for families with disruptive children is discussed."

"Toddlers' use of effective attention deployment strategies to cope with separation from the mother and with maternal behavior predicted the use of effective delay-of-gratification strategies at age 5, even though the contexts, measures, and manifest behaviors were different. Toddlers who used distraction strategies during a brief separation from the mother were able, at age 5, to delay immediate gratification longer for more valued rewards. Toddlers who explored at a distance from a controlling mother when she tried to engage the child also delayed longer and used more effective delay strategies at age 5, compared with toddlers who did not distance themselves. Toddlers whose mothers were not controlling showed the opposite pattern: Those who did not distance themselves from the mother's bids had longer preschool delay times and more effective strategies. Strategic attention deployment was shown to be an enduring self-regulatory skill visible in early development across domains, measures, and over time."

"Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan inkonsistensi hasil mengenai pengaruh stres akut terhadap kontrol inhibisi meningkatkan atau menurunkan kontrol inhibisi. Dengan demikian, perlu diketahui faktor lain yang dapat menjelaskan mekanisme pengaruh stres akut terhadap kontrol inhibisi. Penilaian kognitif merupakan faktor yang mungkin dapat menjelaskan mekanisme tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh stres akut terhadap kontrol inhibisi dan peran penilaian kognitif sebagai moderator. Partisipan mengerjakan stop-signal task setelah menerima manipulasi stres, yaitu Computerized version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test dengan evaluasi sosial n=43 atau kontrol n=41. Skor penilaian kognitif membagi partisipan ke dalam kelompok threat atau challenge appraisal. Hasil analisis 2 stres vs kontrol x 2 threat vs challenge between-subject ANOVA dengan status menstruasi sebagai kovariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat efek interaksi antara stres akut dan penilaian kognitif terhadap kontrol inhibisi. Analisis lanjutan dilakukan pada kedua kelompok stres dan kontrol secara terpisah dengan menambahkan jenis kelamin sebagai faktor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peran penilaian kognitif dalam memengaruhi kontrol inhibisi bergantung pada jenis kelamin, hanya pada kelompok stres, F 1,39 = 4,187, p = 0,048, partial ?2=0,099. Penilaian stressor sebagai ancaman memprediksi kontrol inhibisi yang lebih baik pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki.

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Recent studies indicate that acute stress can affect inhibitory control, however, the results have been inconsistent with respect to the direction of effect i.e., impairing or facilitating. Thus, other variables may play a role in explaining the effect of acute stress on inhibitory control. Cognitive appraisal threat or challenge appraisal may be one underlying factor that needs to be taken into account, given the differences of the stress responses by these appraisals. The current study aimed to examine the effect of acute stress on inhibitory control and whether this effect was moderated by cognitive appraisal. Participants performed stop signal task after receiving stress Computerized version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test PASAT C with social evaluation n 43 or control n 41 manipulation. A 2 stress vs control x 2 threat vs challenge between subject ANOVA with menstruation status as covariance showed that there was no interaction effect of acute stress and cognitive appraisal on inhibitory control. Further analysis was conducted in both groups stress vs control saperately, by adding gender as another fixed factor and showed that the role of cognitive appraisal in influencing inhibitory control depended on gender only in stressed participants, F 1,39-4.187, p .048, partial 2 .099. That is, threat appraisal toward the stressor resulted in better inhibitory control for females, than for males."

"Lima tahun pertama pernikahan merupakan periode yang membutuhkan penyesuaian diri.Dalam periode ini individu dan pasangan rentan mengalami konflik karena menghadapi berbagai perbedaan nilai, pandangan, persespi hingga kebiasaan. Kerentanan terhadap konflik berkontribusi menambah tekanan yang dialami oleh individu dalam menyesuaikan diri terhadap kehidupan pernikahan. Dalam periode penyesuaian ini, salah satu faktor protektif individu dalam menghadapi tekanan, yaitu mindfulness. Salah satu mekanisme yang menjembatani hubungan antara mindfulness dan penyesuaian pernikahan diduga melalui penerapan strategi konflik baik secara konstruktif maupun destruktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah strategi konflik konstruktif maupun destruktif memediasi hubungan antara mindfulness trait dengan penyesuaian pernikahan. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 150 orang (74% perempuan; M = 27,49, SD = 2,4). Penyesuaian pernikahan diukur melalui DAS, mindfulness diukur menggunakan MAAS, dan strategi konflik diukur melalui RPCS. Melalui analisis mediasi, ditemukan adanya hubungan mediasi antara mindfulness dan penyesuaian pernikahan secara penuh melalui strategi konflik konstruktif (a1b = 0,334; SE = 0,148; 95%; CI [0,06 , 0,65]) dan strategi konflik destruktif (a2b = 0,137; SE = 0,07; 95%; CI [0,03 , 0,30]). Hal ini menunjukkan  peran strategi konflik berbasis mindfulness khususnya, berkolaborasi dalam pemecahan masalah bersama pasangan dan penurunan reaktivitas emosi, berperan penting terhadap penyesuaian pernikahan di lima tahun pertama.  

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The first-five years of marriage is a period that requires adjustment. In this period, individuals and spouse more likely to argue during this time because of differences  values, opinions, perceptions, and habits. The vulnerability of conflict increased the pressure on individuals attempting to adjust to married life. During the adjustment period with the spouse, one of the individual protective factors in dealing with pressure is mindfulness. One of the mechanisms bridging the relationship between mindfulness and marital adjustment is postulated to be through the application of conflict strategies both constructively and destructively. This study aims to see whether constructive or destructive conflict strategies mediate the relationship between the mindfulness and marital adjustment. There were 150 study participants (74% female; M = 27,49, SD = 2,4). Marital adjustment was measured through DAS, mindfulness was measured using MAAS, and conflict strategies were measured through RPCS. Through mediation analysis, it was found that there was a mediation relationship through a constructive conflict strategy (a1b1 = 0,334; SE = 0,148; 95%; CI [0,06 , 0,65]) and destructive conflict strategy (a2b2 = 0,137; SE = 0,07; 95%; CI [0,03 , 0,30]). This shows that the role of mindfulness-based conflict strategies, particularly collaboration in solving problems with the spouse and the decreasing emotional reactivity, play an important role in the marriage adjustment in the first five-years."

"enelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran Supportive Dyadic Coping sebagai moderator dalam hubungan stres eksternal dan stres internal pada pasangan dengan usia pernikahan 1-5 tahun di Indonesia. Diketahui tingkat perceraian di Indonesia meningkat. Hal ini dikarenakan pasangan mengalami kesulitan untuk menyesuaikan diri terhadap satu sama lain, terutama pasangan dengan usia pernikahan 1-5 tahun yang membutuhkan banyak penyesuaian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 128 partisipan WNI yang berusia minimal 20 tahun yang sudah menikah dengan memiliki usia pernikahan 1-5 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couple Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara stres eksternal dan stres internal serta adanya efek moderasi supportive dyadic coping (SDC) terhadap hubungan stres eksternal dan stres internal. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah dapat menjadi acuan bagi konselor pernikahan/psikolog agar dapat menggunakan strategi supportive dyadic coping (SDC) sebagai strategi dyadic coping yang paling sesuai dengan kriteria partisipan yaitu pasangan yang sudah menikah dengan usia pernikahan 1-5 tahun di Indonesia dalam mengatasi stres eksternal dan stres internal.

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This study aims to examine the role of Supportive Dyadic Coping as a moderator in the relationship between external stress and internal stress in couples with 1-5 years of marriage in Indonesia. It is known that the divorce rate in Indonesia is increasing. This is because couples have difficulty adjusting to each other, especially couples with a marriage age of 1-5 years which requires a lot of adjustment. The study was conducted on 128 Indonesian participants who were at least 20 years old who were married with a marriage age of 1-5 years. The measuring instruments used were the Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples (MSF-P) and the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between external stress and internal stress and the moderating effect of supportive dyadic coping (SDC) on the relationship between external stress and internal stress. The implication of this study is that it can be a reference for marriage counselors/psychologists to be able to use the supportive dyadic coping (SDC) strategy as a dyadic coping strategy that best fits the criteria of participants, namely married couples with a marriage age of 1-5 years in Indonesia in overcoming external stress and internal stress."