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"Pemanfaatan rugae palatal sebagai salah satu metode identifikasi merupakan metode yang menjanjikan karena morfologi yang unik pada setiap individu. Analisis rugae palatal dapat diterapkan secara efektif dalam forensik selama bencana massal, aksi teroris, kecelakaan lalu lintas, dan korban terbakar, dimana metode identifikasi primer sulit untuk dilakukan atau tidak memungkinkan. Keunikan rugae palatal, stabilitas, ketahanan terhadap perubahan PM dan biaya pemanfaatan rugae palatal yang rendah, menjadikan rugae palatal sebagai salah satu parameter yang ideal untuk identifikasi forensik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Barat dan Timur guna membantu kepentingan identifikasi khususnya pada populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Total sampel penelitian adalah 120 model studi rahang atas yang terdiri dari 60 model studi rahang atas populasi Indonesia Barat dan 60 model studi rahang atas populasi Indonesia Timur. Analisis perbedaan rugae palatal menggunakan klasifikasi Thomas dan Kotze dengan menghitung jumlah setiap sisi kanan dan sisi kiri, bentuk, dan panjang rugae palatal dari setiap populasi. Hasil uji Mann Whitney U didapatkan hasil perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada jumlah rugae palatal di sisi kiri, bentuk, dan panjang rugae palatal antara populasi Indonesia Barat dan Timur dengan nilai p<0.05. Jumlah rugae palatal di sisi kiri pada populasi Indonesia Timur lebih banyak dibandingkan jumlah rugae palatal di sisi kiri pada populasi Indonesia Barat (p<0.05). Hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan hasil perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0.05) pada bentuk dan panjang rugae palatal antara populasi Indonesia Barat dan Timur. Bentuk rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Barat didominasi bentuk konvergen, gelombang, dan lurus, sedangkan bentuk rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Timur didominasi bentuk sirkular, divergen, dan kurva (p<0.05). Panjang rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Barat didominasi secondary rugae, dan primary rugae mendominasi panjang rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Timur (p<0.05).......Utilization of palatal rugae as an identification method is a promising method because of the unique morphology of each individual. Palatal rugae analysis can be applied effectively in forensics during mass disasters, terrorist acts, traffic accidents, and burn victims, where primary identification methods are difficult or impossible. The uniqueness of the palatal rugae, its stability, resistance to changes in PM and the low utilization cost of the palatal rugae make it an ideal parameter for forensic identification. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of palatal rugae in the population of West and East Indonesia in order to assist identification purposes, especially in the Indonesian population. This research is a quantitative research with an observational analytic research design with a cross sectional approach. The total study sample was 120 maxillary study models consisting of 60 maxillary study models from the West Indonesian population and 60 maxillary study models from the Eastern Indonesian population. Analysis of differences in palatal rugae used Thomas and Kotze's classification by calculating the number of each right and left side, shape, and length of palatal rugae from each population. The results of the Mann Whitney U test showed statistically significant differences in the number of palatal rugae on the left side, the shape, and the length of the palatal rugae between the populations of West and East Indonesia with a p<0.05. The number of palatal rugae on the left side of the Eastern Indonesian population was greater than the number of palatal rugae on the left side of the Western Indonesian population (p<0.05). The results of the Chi-Square test showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the shape and length of the palatal rugae between the populations of West and East Indonesia. The shape of the palatal rugae in the population of West Indonesia is dominated by convergent, wavy, and straight shapes, while the shape of the palatal rugae in the population of East Indonesia is dominated by circular, divergent, and curved shapes (p<0.05). The length of the palatal rugae in the population of West Indonesia was dominated by the secondary rugae, and the primary rugae dominated the length of the palatal rugae in the population of East Indonesia (p<0.05)."

"Latar belakang : Estimasi usia merupakan salah satu upaya yang penting dilakukan dalam identifikasi individu hidup maupun individu mati. Usia 8-16 tahun merupakan usia kritis yang sering berkaitan dengan masalah hukum di Indonesia yang memerlukan pembuktian usia sehingga diperlukan metode yang akurat untuk mengestimasi usia tersebut. Rumus TCI-Khoman merupakan salah satu metode estimasi usia berdasarkandi Indonesia namun belum pernah diuji keakuratannya. Untuk itu dilakukan uji perbandingan estimasi usia dengan metode Demirjian berdasarkan tahapan kalsifikasi gigi geligi karena metode ini telah dibuktikan dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menganalisis ketepatan metode estimasi usia menggunakan rumus TCI-Khoman pada gigi insisivus, kaninus, premolar, dan molar dibandingkan dengan metode Demirjian dalam rentang usia 8-16 tahun di Indonesia. Metode penelitian: Estimasi usia 8-16 tahun dilakukan menggunakan rumus TCIKhoman pada gigi insisivus, kaninus, premolar, dan molar kemudian dibandingkan dengan estimasi usia menggunakan metode Demirjian. Hasil: Hasil estimasi usia menggunakan rumus TCI-Khoman pada gigi insisivus, premolar, dan molar tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan metode Demirjian (p>0.05), namun hasil estimasi usia menggunakan rumus TCI-Khoman pada gigi kaninus memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan metode Demirjian (p<0.05). Hasil estimasi usia rentang 8-16 tahun menggunakan metode Demirjian cenderung mendekati usia kronologis dengan SE 0,658, diikuti metode TCI-Khoman pada gigi premolar dengan SEE 0,893, metode TCIKhoman pada gigi insisivus dengan SEE 1,117, metode TCI-Khoman pada gigi molar dengan SEE 1,579, dan metode TCI-Khoman pada gigi kaninus sebesar 1,707. Kesimpulan : Hasil estimasi usia 8-16 tahun menggunakan metode TCI-Khoman tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan metode Demirjian, kecuali pada gigi kaninus. Hasil estimasi usia 8-16 tahun menggunakan rumus TCI-Khoman mendekati usia kronologis dengan SEE terbesar terdapat pada gigi kaninus dan SEE terkecil terdapat pada gigi premolar. ......Background : Age 8-16 is a critical age that often related with legal issues in Indonesia, so that an accurate method is needed to estimate the age in order to help legal process can run as fairly as possible according to their age group. Khoman (2015) found an age estimation formula for Indonesian population based on the analysis of Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) using radiographic of the teeth. The accuracy of TCI-Khoman formula need to be test with other age estimation methods. The Demirjians method is used as a comparison method because in previous studies it has been proven to be the one of age eestimation methods that can be used in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze the accuracy of the age estimation method using the TCI-Khoman formula in incisors, canines, premolars, and molar teeth compared to the Demirjian method in the 8-16 years age range in Indonesia. Methodology: Age estimation age 8-16 years were performed using the Tooth Coronal Index (TCI)-Khoman formula in incisors, canines, premolars, and molar teeth and then compared with age estimates using the Demirjians method. Results: Age estimation using TCI-Khomans formula on incisors, premolars, and molar teeth did not have a significant difference with the result of Demirjians method canine teeth had significan differences with the result of Demirjians method (p< 0.05). Age estimastion 8-16 years using the Demirjians method gives results that are close to the chronological age with SEE 0,658, followed by the TCI-Khomans formula on the premolar teeth with SEE 0,893, insisivus teeth with SEE 1,117, molar teeth with SEE 1,579, and caninus teeth with SEE 1,707. Conclusion: Age estimation 8-16 years old using TCI-Khomans formula did not have a significant difference with the result of Demirjians method except on canine teeth. Age estimation 8-16 years old using the TCI-Khomans formula gives results that are close to chronological age with the biggest SEE found in canine teeth and the smallest SEE is found in premolar teeth."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pola ruga palatal suku Jawa dan Tionghoa di Indonesia. Seratus cetakan rahang atas berusia rata-rata 16 sampai 27 tahun, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 50 orang dengan jumlah jenis kelamin setiap kelompok yang seimbang. Metode yang digunakan berdasarkan klasifikasi Thomas (1983) terdiri dari panjang, bentuk, unifikasi dan arah ruga. Ruga bentuk curved dan straight merupakan bentuk ruga yang umum pada kedua kelompok, diikuti wavy dan circular. Analisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) pada ruga primary,curved dan wavy pada kedua kelompok suku. Pola ruga palatal sangat unik dan memiliki pola yang berbeda pada setiap individu. ......This study aims to compare the palatal rugae pattern between ethnic Java and Chinese in Indonesia. Hundreds maxillary cast, ages-range 16 to 27 years, consisting of fifty people each group with equally number of sexes. Method based on classifications Thomas (1983) categorized as length, form, unification and direction. Curved and straight pattern are the most common in both etnics, followed by wavy and circular pattern. Comparation was analized with non-parametry mann-whitney test. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between the two etnics for primary, curved and wavy rugae. Palatal rugae are very unique and have a different pattern in each individual."

"Forensic odontology (FO) has played an important role in the process of identification of unknown victims. This has help doctor, dentist and forensic expert to a great extents. The process of identification of 2 plane crash victims of Garuda DC 10 in 1987 and Garuda Air-Bus in 1995, and 41 murder victims executed by Dukun AS after exhumationed are discussed here. The need of a well trained dentists in the field of FO is imperative as a companion of doctors and forensic experts in the process of examining cases of unknown origin, criminal cases and mass disasters victims. It is expected in the future that the demand of Forensic Odontologist is a must in several health service centers in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Odontologi forensik telah banyak dikembangkan untuk mengidentifikasi korban bencana maupun korban kekerasan. Dengan odontologi forensik, tim Investigasi Korban Bencana (DVI) dapat menentukan jenis kelamin manusia. Terdapat beberapa metode untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin, salah satunya dengan metode palatoscopy dan metode cheiloscopy yang sering digunakan. Namun, perbandingan akurasi kedua metode ini pada populasi Asia masih kontroversial. Tujuan: mengetahui perbedaan akurasi antara metode palatoscopy dan cheiloscopy untuk identifikasi jenis kelamin pada populasi Asia. Metode: Penelusuran literatur menggunakan pedoman alur Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) pada lima electronic database yaitu PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, dan Wiley Online Library. Literatur harus memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi berupa artikel harus berbahasa Inggris, diterbitkan dalam 5 tahun terakhir, tersedia dalam full-text, merupakan research article, serta menggunakan klasifikasi Thomas dan Kotze untuk penelitian palatoscopy dan klasifikasi Tsuchihashi dan Suzuki untuk penelitian cheiloscopy.Hasil: Didapatkan 33 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada tahapan sintesis kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis menggunakan random effects model, diperoleh metode cheiloscopy lebih dapat mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin pada populasi Asia. Kesimpulan: Metode cheiloscopy dapat mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin secara lebih akurat daripada metode palatoscopy.......Background: Forensic odontology have been developed for victim identification. With forensic odontology, Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) team may determine human’s sex. There are a few methods for sex determination including human soft tissue methods. Human soft tissues such as palatoscopy method and cheiloscopy method can be utilized for sex determination. Nevertheless, the accuracy comparation of these methods in Asian population is still controversial. Aim: To compare the accuracy between palatoscopy method and cheiloscopy method for sex identification in Asian population. Methods: The literature is searched using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline on five electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. The literature should have to require the inclusion criteria such as an English article, published in the last 5 years, available in full-text, a research article, using Thomas and Kotze’s classification for palatoscopy studies and using Tsuchihashi and Suzuki’s classification for cheiloscopy studies.Results: 33 studies which qualify the inclusion criteria on qualitative synthesis phase. From the analyzes with random effects model, cheiloscopy method is significantly reliable for sex identification in Asia population.Conclusion: Cheiloscopy method is more accurate for sex determination as compared to palatoscopy method."

"Tesis ini membahas pemeriksaan biomolekuler berbasis epigenetik berupa pemeriksaan metilasi DNA pada gen ELOVL2 dan NPTX2 yang diduga memiliki keterkaitan dengan usia seseorang. Informasi tentang usia seseorang menjadi suatu hal yang krusial dalam bidang forensik karena usia dapat digunakan dalam proses identifikasi forensik ketika terjadi bencana massal, maupun ketika seseorang menjadi korban kejahatan dalam kasus kriminal. Selain itu, usia memiliki manfaat dalam menentukan status seseorang di mata hukum ketika terjadi sengketa pemalsuan usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah prakiraan usia kelompok anak-anak dan dewasa pada populasi Indonesia dapat ditentukan melalui pemeriksaan metilasi DNA pada gen target ELOVL2 dan NPTX2 yang diduga memiliki keterkaitan dengan usia. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross sectional yang dilakukan dengan langkah pengambilan sampel DNA dari darah tepi responden yang melakukan medical check up pada sarana kesehatan di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta dan RSGMP Unsoed Purwokerto. Darah responden disimpan dalam tabung EDTA kemudian dilakukan sub sampling berupa pemisahan sel darah merah dan sel darah putih dengan metode sentrifugasi agar sampel menjadi lebih stabil dan tidak rusak untuk kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi DNA. Pemeriksaan metilasi DNA dilakukan dengan metode MSP (Methylation Specific PCR) yang didahului dengan konversi bisulfit. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil penelitian yang bermakna antara kelompok usia yang diteliti dengan adanya metilasi gen ELOVL2 dan NPTX2. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari tesis ini adalah prakiraan pada kelompok usia anak-anak pada populasi Indonesia tidak dapat dilakukan menggunakan pemeriksaan metilasi DNA pada gen NPTX2 dan ELOVL2 sedangkan prakiraan usia pada kelompok usia dewasa pada populasi Indonesia dapat ditentukan melalui pemeriksaan metilasi DNA pada gen ELOVL2 dan NPTX2.......This thesis discusses epigenetic-based biomolecular examinations in the form of DNA methylation tests on the ELOVL2 and NPTX2 genes that are thought to have a relationship with a person's age. Information about a person's age becomes crucial in the field of forensics because age can be used in the process of forensic identification when a mass disaster occurs, or when a person becomes a crime victim in a criminal case. In addition, age estimation has benefits in determining someone’s legal status when a case of age falsification was found. This study aims to determine whether the age estimates of groups of children and adults in the Indonesian population can be determined by examining DNA methylation in the ELOVL2 and NPTX2 target genes that are thought to have a relationship with age. This research is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted by taking DNA samples from the peripheral blood of respondents who do medical checkups at health facilities in the Gatot Soebroto Central Jakarta Hospital and Unsoed Purwokerto General Hospital. The respondent's blood is stored in an EDTA tube then subsampling in the form of separation of red blood cells and white blood cells by centrifugation method so that the sample becomes more stable and undamaged for DNA extraction. DNA methylation examination was carried out using the MSP (Methylation Specific PCR) method, which was preceded by bisulfite conversion. In this study, significant research results were obtained between the age groups studied in the presence of ELOVL2 and NPTX2 gene methylation The conclusion obtained from this thesis is that the estimates in the age group of children in the Indonesian population cannot be carried out using DNA methylation tests on NPTX2 and ELOVL2 genes while the age estimates in the adult age group in the Indonesian population can be determined through DNA methylation examination on the ELOVL2 and NPTX2 genes."

"Historical dental investigations -- Dental detectives -- The next level in victim identification : materials properties as an aid in victim identification -- Forensic dentistry investigation protocols -- Recognition, documentation, evidence collection, and interpretation of bitemark evidence -- Bitemarks in England and Wales -- Legal issues concerning bitemark evidence in the United States -- DNA for first responders : recognizing, collecting, and analyzing biological evidence related to dentistry -- Missing and unidentified persons : The National Crime Information Center Dental Enhancements -- The Disaster Victim Identification System : its general structure and the Swiss involvement -- Recognizing, documenting, and analyzing physical evidence in abuse cases -- Managing a mass fatality incident -- Identifying victims of 9/11 at the Office of Chief Medical Examiner City of New York -- Australasian and multinational disaster victim identification -- Photography and forensic dental evidence -- The use of digital imaging in human identification and crime scene analysis."

"There is an increasing need for legal knowledge in the relationship between dentist and patient, as more and more often the dentist and the patient are meeting again in court. It is therefore advisable for the dentist to be familiar with the basics of law as it relates to dentistry, and especially the law of tort (including negligence and breach of duty of care). In addition, of course, dentists may be called upon to give evidence as impartial experts in legal cases. This book both explains in detail diverse aspects of the law relating to dentistry and examines key issues in forensic odontostomatology. A central aim is to enable the dentist to achieve a realistic assessment of the legal situation and to reduce uncertainties and liability risk. To this end, experts from across the world discuss the dental law in their own countries, covering both civil and criminal law and highlighting key aspects such as patient rights, insurance, and compensation. In the section on forensic odontostomatology, extensive guidance is provided on development of the dentition, clinical findings and documentation, personal identification, age estimation, and the nature and significance of bite, tooth, and lip marks. This book will be an interesting and helpful source of information for all who practice in the field of dentistry as well as forensic scientists, lawyers, investigative a330nd identification authorities, criminologists, prosecutors, insurance agents, and students."