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"Komplikasi kronik diabetes, seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, ulkus diabetikum, penyakit ginjal, dan kerusakan mata dapat disebabkan oleh merokok. Akhir-akhir ini dikatakan bahwa merokok dapat meningkatkan resiko terjadinya diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Meskipun mekanisme pastinya belum dipahami sepenuhnya, diduga bahwa resistensi insulin yang disebabkan oleh nikotin, pada orang yang merokok tembakau berhubungan dengan peningkatan jumlah orang yang menderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk meneliti beda kadar glukosa darah pada pria perokok dan bukan perokok tembakau usia 20-60 tahun di Salemba tahun 2009-2010. Data dari 32 orang pria perokok dan 32 orang pria bukan perokok yang diambil secara consecutive sampling diperoleh dari pengisian angket dan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan teknik tindik jari . Hasilnya adalah nilai rerata kadar glukosa darah puasa pada kelompok bukan perokok adalah 102,0 (86-150) mg/dL, sedangkan rerata kadar glukosa darah puasa pada kelompok perokok adalah 118,6 (SD 25,2) mg/dL. Dengan uji Mann-Whitney, didapatkan nilai p=0,002. Dengan demikian, terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar glukosa darah kelompok perokok dan bukan perokok tembakau.

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Chronic complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic ulcers, kidney disease, and retinopathy can be caused by smoking. Recently, it has been said that smoking can increase the risk of diabetes type 2. Although the mechanism has been not clear, it has been suspected that insulin resistance caused by nicotine in tobacco smokers is related with increasing number of people who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research was designed to investigate the difference of blood glucose level in 20-60 years old male tobacco smokers and non-smokers in Salemba in 2009-2010.

The data from 32 male smokers and 32 male non-smokers taken by consecutive sampling was collected from questionnaire and measuring fasting blood glucose level by finger prick technique. The average value of fasting blood glucose in non-smokers group was 102,0 (86-150) mg/dL and in smokers group was 118,6 (SD 25,2) mg/dL. With Mann-Whitney test, it was known that p=0,002. So, there was a significant difference of blood glucose level in male tobacco smokers and non-smokers."

"Pendahuluan. Stress pembedahan merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keluaran pasca pembedahan ortopedi, khususnya pada populasi diabetes mellitus tipe dua dimana regulasi glukosa sangat penting baik sebelum maupun pasca bedah. Kadar glukosa dan C-reactive protein merupakan biomarker yang akan meningkat bila terjadi stress pembedahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar rerata glukosa dan C-reactive protein pada subjek penelitian dengan diberikan lidokain intravena dan kontrol pada operasi ortopedi.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar yang mengikutsertakan 42 pasien yang menjalani pembedahan ortopedi. Sampel dilakukan pengelompokan dengan metode randomisasi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah pasien yang diberikan lidokain intravena selama pembedahan dalam anestesia umum. Kelompok kedua adalah pasien dalam anestesia umum tanpa lidokain. Pada kedua kelompok dilakukan dua kali pemeriksaan sampel glukosa dan C-reactive protein pada sebelum operasi dan sesudah operasi. Kedua kelompok dilakukan uji hipotesis untuk melihat perbedaan rerata glukosa dan C-reactive protein dengan analisa statistik menggunakan software SPSS.Hasil. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata kadar glukosa dan C-reactive protein antara kelompok pasien dengan lidokain intravena dan kontrol. Rerata kadar glukosa pasca pembedahan lebih rendah pada kelompok lidokain dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, namun tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata C-reactive protein pada kelompok lidokain dan kelompok kontrol (p>0.05).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar glukosa dan C-reactive protein yang bermakna antara kelompok lidokain dan kelompok kontrol pada operasi ortopedi dalam anestesia umum pada populasi dengan diabetes mellitus tipe dua.

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Introduction. Surgical stress is a factor that can influence orthopaedic postoperative outcomes, particularly in the type two diabetes mellitus population where blood sugar regulation is critical both before and after surgery. Blood sugar levels and C-reactive protein are biomarkers that will increase in the event of surgical stress. This study aimed to compare the average levels of blood sugar and C-reactive protein in study subjects with intravenous lidocaine and control in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods. The study was a randomized clinical trial that included 42 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Samples were grouped by randomization method into two groups. The first group were patients who were given lidocaine intravenously during surgery under general anaesthesia. The second group is patients under general anaesthesia without lidocaine. In both groups, two blood sugar and c-reactive protein samples were examined before surgery and after surgery. Both groups tested the hypothesis to see the difference in average blood sugar and C-reactive protein with statistical analysis using SPSS software.

Results. There were no significant differences between mean blood sugar levels and C-reactive protein between the intravenous and control lidocaine groups. Average postoperative blood sugar levels were lower in the lidocaine group than in the control group, but not significantly different (p>0.05). There was no difference in mean C-reactive protein in the lidocaine group and the control group (p>0.05).

Conclusions. There were no significant differences in blood sugar and C-reactive protein levels between the lidocaine group and the control group in orthopaedic surgery under general anaesthesia in the population with type two diabetes mellitus."

"Hiperglikemia merupakan gejala metabolik berupa peningkatan glukosa darah melebihi batas normal, yang dikaitkan dengan diabetes melitus (DM). Modifikasi gaya hidup yang lebih sehat, seperti dilakukannya restriksi kalori dengan metode fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) dapat dilakukan sebagai alternatif pendekatan untuk pengendalian DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh FMD berbahan nabati yang tersedia di Indonesia, terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan resistensi insulin. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap tikus jantan galur Sprague-Dawley model hiperglikemia yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan (n=16), yakni kelompok hiperglikemia (high fat diet[HFD]-streptozotosin[STZ] 35 mg/kgBB dan CMC Na 0,5%), kelompok metformin (HFD-STZ 35 mg/kgBB dan metformin 250 mg/kgBB), kelompok FMD (HFD-STZ 35 mg/kgBB dan FMD), dan kelompok normal diet (ND) (CMC Na 0,5%). Pemberian perlakuan dilakukan selama 28 hari. Tikus dilakukan pengecekan glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan berat badan setiap minggu perlakuan dan dikorbankan untuk diambil sampel darahnya setelah perlakuan berakhir. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) digunakan untuk mengukur resistensi insulin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar GDP dengan adanya pemberian FMD, walaupun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara GDP pra-perlakuan dengan GDP minggu ke-4 perlakuan (p>0,05). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan nilai HOMA-IR kelompok FMD mendekati nilai HOMA-IR kelompok ND dan lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan nilai HOMA-IR kelompok hiperglikemia (p<0,05), yang berarti pemberian FMD pada tikus hiperglikemia menghasilkan tingkat resistensi insulin yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tikus hiperglikemia yang tidak diberikan FMD. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian FMD dapat menurunkan GDP dan menghasilkan tingkat resistensi insulin yang lebih rendah pada tikus model hiperglikemia.

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Hyperglycemia is a metabolic symptom in the form of an increase in blood glucose exceeding normal limits, which is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Healthy lifestyle modifications, such as calorie restriction with the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) method, can be used as an alternative approach to controlling type 2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the effect of FMD using plant-based ingredients available in Indonesia on blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. The study was conducted on male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain model of hyperglycemia, which were divided into 4 treatment groups (n = 16), namely the hyperglycemic group (high fat diet [HFD]-streptozotocin [STZ] 35 mg/kgBW and CMC Na 0.5%), the metformin group (HFD-STZ 35 mg/kgBW and metformin 250 mg/kgBW), the FMD group (HFD-STZ 35 mg/kgBW and FMD), and the normal diet (ND) group (CMC Na 0.5%). The treatment was carried out for 28 days. Rats were checked for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight every week of treatment and sacrificed for blood samples after the treatment ended. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to measure insulin resistance. The results showed a decrease in FBG levels with the administration of FMD, although there was no significant difference between pre-treatment FBG and FBG at the 4th week of treatment (p>0,05). The results also showed that the HOMA-IR value of the FMD group was close to the HOMA-IR value of the ND group and was significantly lower than the HOMA-IR value of the hyperglycemic group (p<0,05), which means that administering FMD to hyperglycemic rats resulted in lower levels of insulin resistance than the hyperglycemic rats that were not given FMD. In conclusion, administration of FMD can reduce FBG and result in lower levels of insulin resistance in hyperglycemic rats."

"Improve all areas of your health from your weight, sleep, cravings, mood, energy, skin, and even slow down aging, with easy-to-implement, science-based hacks to manage your blood sugar levels while still eating the foods you love. Glucose, or blood sugar, is a tiny molecule in our body that has a huge impact on our health. It enters our bloodstream through the starchy or sweet foods we eat. Ninety percent of us suffer from too much glucose in our system--and most of us don't know it. The symptoms? Cravings, fatigue, infertility, hormonal issues, acne, wrinkles... And over time, the development of conditions like type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, cancer, dementia, and heart disease. Drawing on cutting-edge science and her own pioneering research, biochemist Jessie Inchauspé offers ten simple, surprising hacks to help you balance your glucose levels and reverse your symptoms--without going on a diet or giving up the foods you love... Both entertaining, informative, and packed with the latest scientific data, this book presents a new way to think about better health. Glucose Revolution is chock-full of tips that can drastically and immediately improve your life, whatever your dietary preferences""

"Prevalensi hipertensi dan diabtes saat kehamilan meningkat setiap tahunnya. Diet adalah salah satu factor resiko yang dapat dirubah dapat berpengaruh terhadap komplikasi saat kehamilan, tetapi data terkait kualitas diet dan pengarunya terhadap tekanan dan gula darah dianatara ibu hamil masih sedikit. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas diet dengan tekanan darah dan gula darah pada ibu hamil di Jakarta. Studi potong lintang ini adalah bagian dari projek Brain Probiotic and LC-PUFA Intervention for Optimum Early Life (BRAVE) yang melibatkan 174 ibu hamil yang direkrut secara consecutive sampling berlokasi di tiga area di Jakarta. Kualitas diet di tentukan dengan menggunakan skor Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy diperoleh dari 2 hari 24-hour recall. Gula darah kapiler puasa digunakan untuk mengukur konsentrasi gula darah pada responden, sedangkan tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sphygmomanometer otomatis. Karakteristik subjek dinilai menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hubungan antara kualitas diet dengan tekanan darah dan gula darah dianalisis menggunakan multiple linear regression. Mayoritas subjek berada pada rentang usia 20 dan 34 tahun (75.9%), multiparitas (61.5%), tidak memiliki riwayat gestational diabetes (97.1%) dan hipertensi (93.1%). Nilai median dari skor kualitas diet sebesar 47.44 (19.18-76.6). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang ditemukan antara kualitas diet dengan gula darah (β 1.02, p=0.36) setalah dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap edukasi, riwayat diabetes mellitus dan riwayat gestational diabetes mellitus. Selanjutnya, hubungan total skor dari kualitas diet dengan tekanan darah sistolik tidak ditemukan (β-0.16, p=0.87), namun terdapat hubungan yang hampir signifikan dengan tekanan darah diastolik β-1.23, p=0.09) setalah dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap merokok, riwayat hipertensi dan riwayat keluarga hipertensi. Kesimpulannya kualitas diet memiliki hubangan yang hampir signifikan dengan kualitas diet.Kualitas diet menjadi salah satu faktor resiko dari pola hidup yang dapat dimodifikasi untuk mepertahakan kesahatan ibu hamil. Selama hamil dan sebelum melahirkan, ibu perlu menjada kualitas dietnya.

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Prevalence of gestational hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy are increasing over the years. Diet is modifiable risk factor that may influence these problems, but data regarding diet quality affecting blood pressure and glucose profile-among pregnant women remain scarce. We assessed associations of diet quality with blood pressure and glucose level among pregnant women in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study was part of preliminary study of Brain Probiotic and LC-PUFA Intervention for Optimum Early Life (BRAVE) project, which recruited 176 pregnant women by using consecutive sampling in three districts of Jakarta. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants were identified by trained field-enumerators using a structured questionnaire. Diet quality indicated by Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) score was obtained from the calculation of multiple 24-hour recalls. Blood pressure was measured using automated sphygmomanometer, while fasting capillary glucose was performed to assess blood glucose level. The associations between diet quality with blood pressure and glucose levels were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Most of women were between 20 and 34 years old (76%), do not have history of gestational diabetes (97%) and hypertension (93%). The median score of dietary quality was 47.4 (19.1-76.6). There was no association between AHEI-P score with blood glucose (β 1.02, p=0.36) after adjustment for education, history of diabetes mellitus and history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, association between total score of diet quality and systolic blood pressure was not found (β-0.16, p=0.87), however there was a borderline significant association with diastolic blood pressure β-1.23, p=0.09) after adjustment for smoking, education, history of hypertension and family history hypertension. In conclusion, diet quality had borderline significant association with blood pressure among pregnant women, whereas diet quality was not significantly associate with blood glucose among pregnant women in Jakarta, even though after adjustment for confounding factors. Diet quality is one of lifestyle risk factor that can be modified during pregnancy in order to maintain optimal health of the mother. Pregnant women should maintain quality of the diet, as well as prior pregnancy. "