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Latar belakang:Penggunaan pipa endotrakeal merupakan tindakan yang dapat menciptakan jalan napas yang aman selama operasi. Nyeri tenggorok pascaoperasi masih menempati rangking ke-8 dari komplikasi pascaoperasi terutama akibat intubasi dan penggunaan pipa endotrakeal.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji klinis prospektif acak tersamar ganda pada 88 pasien yang menjalani operasi dengan anestesi umum dengan pipa endotrakeal. Pasien dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak; Grup A 44 orang dan Grup B 44 pasien. Sebelum induksi, pada grup A diberikan inhalasi NaCl 0,9 10 mL dan injeksi deksametason intravena, grup B diberikan inhalasi lidokain 2 1,5 mg/KgBB dan injeksi NaCl 0,9 2 mL. Penilaian tenggorok menggunakan Numerica Rating Scale dalam 3 waktu yang berbeda, jam ke-0, 2 jam dan 24 jam pascaoperasi. Kekerapan dan derajat nyeri dicatat dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat.Hasil: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan kekerapan nyeri tenggorok pascaoperasi bermakna pada kedua kelompok sesaat setelah operasi selesai 16,3 pada grup A dan 7 pada grup B, p = 0,313 , jam ke-2 dan jam ke-24 pascaoperasi tidak didapatkan nyeri tenggorok pada kedua grup . Derajat nyeri tenggorok pascaoperasi tidak berbeda bermakna di antara kedua kelompok.Simpulan: Inhalasi lidokain sebelum intubasi memiliki efektivits yang sama dengan profilaksis deksametason intravena dalam mencegah nyeri tenggorok pascaoperasi.Kata kunci: Nyeri tenggorok pascaoperasi, intubasi endotrakeal, deksametason, lidokain. ......Background The use of endotracheal tube ETT is securing airway during surgery. Postoperative sore throat still holding the 8th rank of anesthesia complication however because endotracheal tube and intubation.Methods This study is prospective randomized clinical trials double blind in 88 patients undergoing surgery under anesthesia with endotracheal tube ETT . Patients was divided into two groups at random Group A 44 patients and group B 44 patient. Before the induction, patient in group A was given NaCl 0,9 inhalation 10 mL and intravenous dexamethasone injection 10 mg, group B was given lidocaine inhalation 1,5 mg KgBW and intravenous NaCl 0,9 injection 2mL. The evaluation using Numerical Rating Scale in three different times early after extubation, 2 hours and 24 hours postoperative. The frequency and degree of POST were recorded and analyzed using chi square.Result there are no differences in postoperative sore throat between both groups at early after surgery 16,3 in group A and 7 in group B, p 0,313 , 2 hour and 24 hour postoperative there is no POST were found in both group . The degree of POST was not significantly different between two group.Conclusion lidocaine inhalationbefore intubation has the same effectiveness compare to prophylactic intravenous dexamethason injection in reducing POST.

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Risiko perilaku kekerasan merupakan keadaan seseorang atau perilaku yang pernah berperilaku mengikuti emosi dan tindakan yang dapat membahayakan fisik, baik terhadap dirinya sendiri, orang lain di sekitarnya, atau lingkungan. Angka kejadian berisiko terhadap perilaku buruk terhadap tinggi. Penulisan ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk memberikan laporan tentang asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan risiko perilaku kekerasan melalui penerapan terapi relaksasi nafas dalam. Tindakan yang dilakukan kepada klien adalah mengajarkan teknik mengontrol marah secara non-farmakologis yaitu teknik relaksasi tarik napas dalam dengan penetapan durasi waktu 20 menit pada setiap intervensi selama enam hari. Evaluasi tanda dan gejala perilaku kekerasan dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen tanda dan gejala perilaku kekerasan. Selain itu, kemampuan klien dalam mengontrol risiko perilaku kekerasan juga diukur sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi selama 10 hari menggunakan lembar kemampuan mengontrol risiko perilaku kekerasan. Hasil yang didapatkan skor tanda dan gejala perilaku kekerasan cenderung selalu menurun setiap hari. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut penulis merekomendasikan penerapan terapi relaksasi tarik nafas dalam dengan durasi waktu 20 menit dapat diterapkan pada asuhan keperawatan jiwa sebagai terapi harian yang efektif membantu pasien yang mengalami diagnosis keperawatan risiko perilaku kekerasan. Kata kunci : Risiko perilaku kekerasan, Tanda dan gejala, Tarik Napas Dalam ......The risk of violent behavior is a person's condition or behavior that has behaved according to emotions and actions that can harm physically, either to himself, others around him, or the environment. The incidence of risk for bad behavior is high. This writing was made with the aim of providing a report on nursing care in patients at risk of violent behavior through the application of deep breathing relaxation therapy. The action taken to the client is to teach non-pharmacological anger control techniques, namely deep breathing relaxation techniques with a duration of 20 minutes for each intervention for six days. Evaluation of signs and symptoms of violent behavior is carried out using the instrument of signs and symptoms of violent behavior. In addition, the client's ability to control the risk of violent behavior was also measured before and after the intervention for 10 days using the ability to control the risk of violent behavior sheet. The results obtained that the scores for signs and symptoms of violent behavior tend to decrease every day. Based on these results the authors recommend the application of deep breathing relaxation therapy with a duration of 20 minutes can be applied to psychiatric nursing care as an effective daily therapy to help patients who experience a nursing diagnosis of risk of violent behavior. Keywords: Deep Breathing, Risk of violent behvior, Signs and symptoms

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Hospitalisasi mengharuskan anak tinggal di rumah sakit dan menerima prosedur medis seperti terapi inhalasi yang dapat memicu kecemasan anak. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan non farmakologi yang dapat diberikan kepada anak untuk menurunkan bahkan menghilangkan kecemasan adalah bermain terapeutik pop-it. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas bermain terapeutik pop-it terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak yang mendapat terapi inhalasi di ruang rawat inap anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan design randomized control trial yang melibatkan 66 anak (dibagi dalam kelompok intervensi dan kontrol) berusia 1-12 tahun yang mendapat terapi inhalasi dan dirawat di ruang rawat inap anak RSUD Talaud, RSUD Manembo-nembo Bitung dan RSUP Prof Dr. R.D. Kandou Malalayang Manado. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Tingkat kecemasan diukur menggunakan instrumen visual facial anxiety scale (VFAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bermain terapeutik popit efektif menurunkan tingkat kecemasan anak yang mendapat terapi inhalasi dengan nilai p 0,000 (α < 0,05). Dengan demikian bermain terapeutik pop-it tepat diberikan kepada anak yang mendapat terapi inhalasi dan direkomendasikan untuk disediakan di rumah sakit sebagai alternatif permainan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi perawat di rumah sakit saat melakukan asuhan keperawatan pada anak yang mendapat terapi inhalasi. ......Hospitalization requires the child to stay in the hospital and receive medical procedures such as inhalation therapy that can trigger a child's anxiety. One of the nonpharmacological nursing interventions that can be given to children to reduce and even eliminate anxiety is pop-it therapeutic play. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pop-it therapeutic play on the anxiety level of children receiving inhalation therapy in the pediatric inpatient room. This study used a randomized control trial design involving 66 children (divided into intervention and control groups) aged 1-12 years who received inhalation therapy and were treated in the pediatric inpatient room at Talaud Hospital, Manembo-nembo Hospital Bitung and Prof Dr. R.D. Kandou Malalayang Manado. Samples were taken using simple random sampling technique. Anxiety levels were measured using a visual facial anxiety scale (VFAS). The results showed that pop-it therapeutic play was effective in reducing the anxiety level of children receiving inhalation therapy with a p value of 0.000 (α < 0.05). Thus, pop-it therapeutic play is appropriate for children receiving inhalation therapy and is recommended to be provided in the hospital as an alternative game. The results of this study can be used as a reference for nurses in hospitals when providing nursing care to children receiving inhalation therapy

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Keberhasilan pelayanan keperawatan yang bermutu dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat. Kepuasan kerja perawat dapat diupayakan melalui MPKP Jiwa modifikasi pendekatan manajemen fungsi pengarahan, namun kegiatan MPKP dan fungsi pengarahan belum dijalankan secara konsisten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh fungsi pengarahan kepala ruang dan ketua tim terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana di unit rawat inap RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment dengan desain pre-post test with control group, dan pelatihan serta bimbingan fungsi pengarahan (operan, pre conference, post conference, iklim motivasi, supervisi dan delegasi) pada kepala ruang dan ketua tim di kelompok intervensi. Sampel penelitian diperoleh secara purposive sampling, terdiri dari 35 perawat pelaksana RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi sebagai kelompok intervensi dan 40 perawat pelaksana di RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang sebagai kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur kepuasan kerja diambil dari Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana yang mendapat pengarahan dari kepala ruang dan ketua tim yang sudah memperoleh pelatihan, bimbingan dan pendampingan fungsi pengarahan meningkat lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana yang mendapat pengarahan dari kepala ruang dan ketua tim yang tidak dilatih fungsi pengarahan. Fungsi pengarahan bila dilaksanakan secara konsisten oleh kepala ruang dan ketua tim, berpeluang meningkatkan kepuasan kerja sebesar 67,40%. RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi dan RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang dapat mengupayakan dan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana secara berkelanjutan dengan mengimplementasikan fungsi pengarahan dari MPKP Jiwa Modifikasi umum.

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ABSTRACT
Humidifier is a device for delivering oxygen to the patients. Before using it, the humidifier tube should fill with sterile water. There was a recent study that administering oxygen less than five liter per minutes, the tube was not load with the sterile water. Aim: The research aim was to describe the difference between bacterial growth in the humidifier and non humidifier at the patient who got oxygen therapy. Design: The design was the analytic survey with purposive sampling method. The samples were 24 patients. They were divided into two groups. Group one, consisted of 12 patients with humidifier and the others with non humidifier. The instrument was culture equipments diagnostic test and observation guidance. Hypothesis: The hypothesis was there was no difference bacterial growth existence in humidifier and non humidifier at the patient who got oxygen therapy. Results: The results showed that there was no significance difference of bacterial growth at time of zero hour (p= 0.131). Meanwhile, there was significance different of bacterial growth at time of 12 hour (p= 0,046), and time of 24 hour(p= 0,046). There was also significance different between bacterial growth in humidifier and non humidifier at the patient who got oxygen therapy (p= 0.010). Conclusion: The conclusion is a non humidifier device could prevent bacterial and reduce nosocomial infection. Recommends: It was recommended that hospital should use non humidifier and the humidifier had to disinfect and change the water every 12 hours.

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Oksigenasi merupakan suatu proses pertukaran antara O2 dan CO2 sesuai dengan kebutuhan fisiologis tubuh untuk kelangsungan proses metabolisme sel tubuh dan aktivitas sel dan organ, dimana pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigen ini tidak terlepas dari sistem pernapasan. Kondisi kritis pada anak terjadi apabila mengalami kemunduran fungsi organ yang dapat mengganggu proses metabolisme tubuh yang dapat mengancam jiwa. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi teori konservasi Levine dalam asuhan pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigenasi pada anak kritis di ruang intensif. Studi kasus ini menggunakan desain deskriptif pada lima kasus anak kritis. Masalah yang terjadi: gangguan ventilasi spontan, penurunan kapasitas adaptif intrakranial, penurunan curah jantung, risiko perfusi serebral tidak efektif, risiko ketidakseimbangan elektrolit, risiko perdarahan, risiko infeksi dan ansietas. Asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan menggunakan pendekatan Levine dengan intervensi sesuai dengan masalah keperawatan menggunakan Standar Intervensi Keperawatan Indonesia. Hasilanalisis dari lima kasus terpilih di ruang intensif bahwa seluruh pasien memiliki gangguan pada konservasi energi terutama pada masalah oksigenasi dan terjadi penurunan kesadaran pada konservasi integritas struktural dengan respon organismik 2 (40%) pasien mengalami perburukan/meninggal dan 3(60%) pasien mengalami perbaikan yang secara menyeluruh (wholeness) ditandai dengan auskultasi ronchi berkurang, pola napas adekuat, hemodinamik stabil, kesadaran composmentis, pasien ekstubasi dan pindah ruangan/ rawat jalan.   Kesimpulan penerapan teori konservasi pada studi kasus melalui proses perawatan mulai dari pengkajian, trophicognosis, hipotesis intervensi serta evaluasi dengan melihat respon organismik secara satu kesatuan yang utuh (wholenes) sehingga teori ini dapat diterapkan pada anak kritis di ruang intensif. ......Oxygenation is an exchange process between O2 and CO2 in accordance with the body's physiological needs for the continuity of the body's cell metabolism processes and cell and organ activities, where the fulfillment of oxygen needs cannot be separated from the respiratory system. Critical conditions in children occur when there is a decline in organ function that can interfere with the body's metabolic processes which can be life-threatening. The purpose of this case study is to determine the effect of Levine's conservation theory application in the care of oxygenation needs of critically ill children in intensive care. This case study uses a descriptive design in five cases of critically ill children. Problems that occur: impaired spontaneous ventilation, decreased intracranial adaptive capacity, decreased cardiac output, risk of ineffective cerebral perfusion, risk of electrolyte imbalance, risk of bleeding, risk of infection and anxiety. The nursing care provided uses the Levine approach with interventions according to nursing problems using the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards. The results of the analysis of five selected cases in the intensive care unit showed that all patients had disturbances in energy conservation, especially in oxygenation problems and there was a decrease in awareness of the conservation of structural integrity with an organismic response. overall improvement (wholeness) is characterized by reduced auscultation crackles, adequate breathing pattern, stable hemodynamics, composmentis consciousness, extubated patients and moved rooms/outpatient. The conclusion is the application of conservation theory to the case study through the treatment process starting from assessment, trophicognosis, intervention hypotheses and evaluation by looking at the organismic response as a whole so that this theory can be applied to critical children in the intensive room.

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Gejala asma pada anak membuktikan ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan anak, sehingga terapi musik merupakan sebuah pendekatan pengobatan yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhanan kenyamanan anak dengan asma yang mendapatkan terapi inhalasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak terapi musik terhadap respon fisiologis tubuh pada anak usia pra sekolah dan usia sekolah pengidap asma yang mendapatkan terapi inhalasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment jenis non equivalent control group, pre test- post test design yang melibatkan 44 responden anak usia pra sekolah dan usia sekolah yang terbagi kedalam kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna selisih rerata saturasi oksigen, frekuensi denyut jantung dan frekuensi pernapasan sebelum dan setelah intervensi pada kelompok kontrol dan intervensi p. ...... Symptoms of asthma in children prove the inconvenience felt by children, so music therapy is a treatment approach that can be used to meet the needs of child comfort with asthma who get inhalation therapy. This study aims to determine the impact of music therapy on the physiological response of the body in pre school age children and school age of asthma who get inhalation therapy. This research uses quasi experimental design of non equivalent control group type, pre test post test design involving 44 respondents of pre school age and school age consisting of intervention group and control group. The results showed that there was a significant difference in mean oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory frequency before and after intervention in control and intervention group p

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Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) usually represents the final step in the management of severe chronic respiratory diseases. The focus of this volume is on new insights and novel perspectives of LTOT. Starting from consolidated experiences, it's aim is also to emphasize the strategic value of developing technologies and innovative organizational models uniquely to find out even more opportunities and advantages for the management of chronic respiratory patients needing long-term oxygen treatment.

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Inadequate humidification of inspired gases can cause a variety of serious problems, and humidification has accordingly become an important aspect of modern intensive care medicine. This book is designed to serve as a practical guide for clinicians, providing information on the theoretical background of humidification, the equipment, and its optimal use. The book starts by examining the physiological basis of humidification. Current devices are then discussed, with careful attention to factors influencing their performance and methods to evaluate their effectiveness. The two scenarios of mechanical and non-mechanical ventilation are considered, and the issue of ventilator-associated pneumonia is addressed in detail. Further chapters focus on such topics as humidification following tracheostomy, humidification of the artificial airway during secretion management, measurement of inspired gas temperature in the ventilated neonate, and humidification in the home care setting.