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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Cedera kranioserebral ada 2, yaitu cedera primer dan sekunder. PatofisioIogi cedera sekunder yang kompleks menyebabkan perlunya parameter tambahan untuk menilai perburukan klinis penderita cedera kranioserebral. Pada penelitian terdahulu didapat suatu hubungan antara kadar interleukin 6 serum dengan keluaran cedera kranioserebral. Dimana semakin tinggi kadar 11-6 akan semakin buruk keluaran cedera kranioserebral. Dengan melihat hal ini kami melakukan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara kadar M-6 dengan penderita ceders kranioserebral. Objektif : Mengetahui peranan IL-6 pada kondisi klinis penderita cedera kranioserebral 5KG 6-12 Desain dan Metode: Observasional dengan repeated measurement design sesuai dengan kriteria seleksi dan dieksplorasi apakah terdapat hubungan IL-6 dengan SKG hari 1,3,7 atau mortalitas. Hasil : 63 penderita cedera kranioserebral SKG 6-12 dalarn 24 jam dari onset. Semua pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan IL-6 serum dan DPL rutin, Nilai rerata IL-6 tertinggi adalah pada SKG 6 508,938 ± 98,125 dan nilai rerata terendah adalah 11,725 ± 8,441. Dengan uji kai kuadarat didapati hubungan semakin tinggi nilai IL-6 semakin rendah nilai SKG (p<0,0001). Dengan uji kai kuadrat juga didapati semakin tinggi kadar M-6 semakin tinggi mortalitas (p<0,002). Kesimpulan : IL-6 dapat dijadikan salah satu prediktor keluaran penderita cedera kranioserebral.

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Background : Traumatic brain Injury (TBI) is divided in to primary and secondary injury. Complexities of the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury made additional parameters in to evaluation for observed the worsening effect of those mechanisms. In the current study there is a correlation between IL 6 serum concentration and the outcome of TBI. The higher 1L6 would be markedly worsening outcome. Based on this concept, we make the research to explore the correlation between IL 6 concentration and TBI patient. Objective: To explore the rule of IL 6 on the worsening clinical condition of the TBI patient GCS 6-8 and GCS 9-12. Design and methods: Observational study with repeated measurement design due to selection criteria and being explored whether any correlation between IL 6 and GCS on day 1,3,7 or mortality. Results: 63 TBI patients with GCS 6-12 and the onset are 24 hours enrolled to this study. All the patient had IL 6 serum and routine blood test. The highest mean of IL 6 is 508,938 + on GCS 6 and the lowest mean is 11,725 + 8,441 on GCS 12. Result of the chi square test showed there was correlation the higher IL 6 and the lower GCS (p<0,0001). The other analyzed the chi square test showed there were also correlation between the higher IL 6 and mortality (p<0,002). Conclusion : IL- 6 could be used as one of TBI outcome predictor.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berusaha mengetahui peran faktor keluarga, melalui tingkat family functioning dan family hardiness terhadap keterkaitan antara paparan kejadian traumatik (traumatic exposure) dengan posttraumatic growth melalui analisis moderated-mediation pada penyintas bencana alam gempa bumi dan likuifaksi di PASIGALA. Partisipan yang didapatkan adalah 122 orang penyintas berusia 17-35 tahun (M = 21.541, SD = 4.936) yang merupakan penyintas likuifaksi PASIGALA secara primer atau langsung. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat family hardiness sedang hingga tinggi memberikan efek positif terhadap keberfungsian keluarga sehingga menjadi fungsional meskipun mengalami beberapa paparan kejadian traumatik. Namun, keberfungsian keluarga yang diperkuat oleh family hardiness tidak menjadikan individu dapat mencapai posttraumatic growth yang lebih tinggi meskipun family hardiness berperan penting dalam menjadikan keluarga berfungsi dengan baik. Secara praktis, hasil mengarahkan agar program trauma healing yang mendukung tercapainya posttraumatic growth sebaiknya berfokus pada aspek personal penyintas, seperti perbedaan paparan kejadian yang dialami. Tetapi, program untuk membantu keluarga dapat berfungsi dengan baik kembali (healthy) setelah melalui krisis kebencanaan dapat dilakukan dengan berfokus pada membantu keluarga membentuk karakter yang hardy.

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ABSTRACT
This study discusses the role of the family, through family functioning and family hardiness on the relationship between the reporting of traumatic events (traumatic exposure) with posttraumatic growth through moderated-mediation analysis in survivors of Earthquake and Liquefaction disaster in PASIGALA. Participants obtained were 122 individuals (17-35 years old, M = 21.541, SD = 4.936) who were primary survivors of PASIGALA liquefaction. The results obtained indicate that the mean and higher level of family hardiness have a positive effect on moderating the negative effect of traumatic exposure to the family functioning. However, family functioning supported by family hardiness does not make individuals able to achieve higher post-traumatic growth indirectly although it is an important factor for helping family to function well. These lead to encouraging social workers in helping survivors, to focus on their personal aspect, such as degree of traumatic exposures. However, helping family as a whole to be well-functioning after disaster also could be conducted, by focusing on building characteristics of hardy family.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Sindrom mata kering atau dry eye sebagai suatu penyakit multifaktor yang ditandai dengan hilangnya homeostasis lapisan air mata diikuti dengan keluhan akibat instabilitas lapisan air mata, keadaan hiperosmolaritas, inflamasi dan kerusakan permukaan okular dimana abnormalitas neurosensori berperan penting. Keluhan subjektif dry eye disertai faktor resiko dapat menjadi suatu skala terukur melalui suatu kuesioner yang tervalidasi untuk menunjang penegakan diagnosis serta terapi pasien. Hingga saat ini belum terdapat suatu kuesioner dry eye spesifik yang terintegrasi mulai dari skrining, diagnosis hingga follow up untuk populasi Indonesia yang berbahasa Indonesia. Tujuan: Menghasilkan kuesioner untuk menyaring, mendiagnosis dan menilai hasil terapi dry eyes menggunakan metode modifikasi Delphi pada populasi di Indonesia. Metode: Menggunakan metode modifikasi Delphi yaitu metode dengan mengembangkan suatu studi literatur sistematis membentuk draft awal kuesioner dry eye yang kemudian ditanyakan kepada partisipan dokter spesialis mata ahli Infeksi dan Imunologi yang tergabung dalam Indonesian Ocular Infection and Immunology Society (INOIIS). Metode ini terdiri dari tiga ronde dan focus group discussion (tentatif). Hasil: Dua puluh tujuh partisipan dokter spesialis mata Infeksi dan Imunologi mengikuti 3 ronde metode modifikasi Delphi hingga akhir. Telaah sistematik dilakukan dan mendapatkan kuesioner dengan validitas dan reliabilitas baik yang dijadikan bahan pertimbangan item pertanyaan awal pada ronde 1. Didapatkan 22 item pertanyaan pada kategori pertanyaan skrining, 6 item pertanyaan pada kategori diagnosis dan 9 item pertanyaan pada kategori follow up. Kesimpulan: Seluruh pertanyaan pada item pertanyaan skrining, diagnosis dan follow up pada kuesioner sindrom mata kering merupakan hasil kesepakan yang didapatkan melalui tiga ronde metode modifikasi Delphi. ......Background: Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disease characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis followed by complaints of tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation and damage to the ocular surface in which neurosensory abnormalities play an important role. Subjective complaints of dry eye with risk factors can be a measurable scale through a validated questionnaire to support diagnosis and patient therapy. There is no specific and comprehensive dry eye questionnaire for screening, diagnose and follow up dry eye patient for the Indonesian population. Objective: Produced a questionnaire to screen, diagnose and assess the results of dry eyes therapy using the modified Delphi method in Indonesia. Method: Using the modified Delphi method, which is a method by developing a systematic literature study to form an initial draft of a dry eye questionnaire which then asked to participants the subspecialist ophthalmologists in Infection and Immunology who are member of the Indonesian Ocular Infection and Immunology Society (INOIIS). This method consists of three rounds and a focus group discussion (tentative). Result: Twenty-seven participants, ophthalmologists of the infection and immunology subspecialists, followed 3 rounds of the modified Delphi method until the end. A systematic review was carried out and obtained a questionnaire with good validity and reliability which was used as the draft of the initial question items in round 1. There were 22 question items in the screening question category, 6 question items in the diagnosis category and 9 question items in the follow-up category. Conclusion: All questions on the screening, diagnosis and follow-up questions on the dry eye syndrome questionnaire were the result of agreement obtained through three rounds of the modified Delphi method.