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"Latar belakang: Seiring bertambahnya usia, kemungkinan kehilangan gigi juga akan semakin banyak. Kehilangan gigi terutama pada bagian posterior menyebabkan berkurangnya zona dukungan gigi posterior yang akan menyebabkan perubahan fungsi mastikasi (kemampuan mengunyah makanan) dan akan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kesehatan umum sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Hal ini yang pada akhirnya membuat seseorang merasa membutuhkan suatu bentuk perawatan. Permintaan seseorang terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendorong (predisposing) yang meliputi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku. Tujuan:Menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan pada pra-lansia dan lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional pada 82 subjek yang berusia lebih dari 45 tahun yang mengikuti bakti sosial di Puskesmas Pulau Panggang, Kepulauan Seribu. Pada subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis intraoral, pengisian kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dan lembar isian permintaan gigi tiruan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan pada pra-lansia dan lansia, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan.

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Background: As we get older, the possibility of tooth loss will also increase. Missing teeth in the posterior area will reduce the number of occlusal support zones and will cause changes in the masticatory function. These changes may have impact on general health and affect the quality of life. This is what ultimately makes a person need some form of care. A person's demand for health services is influenced by predisposing factors which include knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Obejctives: To analyze the relationship between oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice toward denture demand in the pre- elderly and elderly.

Methods : This research was conducted with a cross sectional design on 82 subjects aged over 45 years old who attended social services at the public health center located on Panggang Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Oral examination were performed, and interview for oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice and denture demand questionnaire were conducted. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test.

Results: Oral health knowledge gave a statistically significant difference towards denture demand (p=0,000).

Conclusion: Oral health knowledge gave a statistically significant difference towards denture demand whilst oral health attitude and practice did not."

"Kehilangan gigi dan pemakaian gigi tiruan dapat mempengaruhi asupan makanan seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan kehilangan gigi dan pemakaian gigi tiruan terhadap status nutrisi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang pada 129 subjek berusia 34-80 tahun. Subjek diperiksa kehilangan giginya kemudian diwawancara menggunakan kuesioner Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Data dianalisis menggunakan piranti lunak statistik. Hasil uji analisis chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kehilangan gigi dan status nutrisi (p=0,712) dan antara pemakaian gigi tiruan dan status nutrisi (p=0,252). Ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara usia dan status nutrisi, tingkat pendidikan dan status nutrisi, serta usia dan pemakaian gigi tiruan.

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Teeth loss and denture wearing can affect a person's food intake. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of tooth loss and denture wearing on nutritional status. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional method on 129 subjects aged 34-80 years. Subjects had their teeth checked and interviewed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Data was analyzed using statistical software. The result of chi-square analysis showed no significant relation between tooth loss and nutritional status (p = 0.712) and between denture wearing and nutritional status (p = 0.252). Relation was found between age and nutritional status, educational level and nutritional status, and the age and denture wearing."

"Latar Belakang: Untuk menilai status kesehatan gigi dan mulut, selama puluhan tahun para ahli studi epidemiologi kesehatan komunitas menggunakan indeks Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T). Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar pada tahun 2018, rerata skor indeks DMF-T penduduk Indonesia sebesar 7,1 yang tergolong tinggi. Kehilangan gigi merupakan kondisi oral ireversibel yang dideskripsikan sebagai indikator final mengenai keparahan kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kehilangan gigi menyebabkan kerusakan fungsional, estetika, dan sosial-psikologis serta berdampak sangat besar terhadap kualitas hidup individu. Kehilangan gigi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Maka dari itu, diperlukan data mengenai pengaruh berbagai faktor risiko terhadap kehilangan gigi pada berbagai kelompok usia.Tujuan: Memperoleh data hubungan faktor risiko dan rerata jumlah kehilangan gigi pada subjek usia 31-75 tahun dari radiograf panoramik digital. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa 375 sampel radiograf panoramik digital subjek usia 31-75 tahun di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indoneisa (RSKGM FKGUI). Subjek dibagi menjadi 3. kategori: 31-45 tahun, 46-60 tahun, dan 61-75 tahun. Untuk mendapatkan jumlah kehilangan gigi dan data mengenai faktor risiko umur, jenis kelamin, karies/jumlah restorasi/lesi periapikal, dan kehilangan tulang/penyakit periodontal, dilakukan interpretasi radiograf panoramik digital. Kemudian dilakukan uji reliabilitas intraobserver dan interobserver dengan t-test dan Bland Altman. Hasil: Median, nilai minimum, dan nilai maksimum jumlah kehilangan gigi pada kelompok usia 31-45 tahun sejumlah 1 (0-5) gigi, usia 46-60 tahun sejumlah 5 (0-19) gigi, dan usia 61-75 tahun sejumlah 10 (2-28) gigi. Jumlah kehilangan gigi antar kelompok usia berbeda bermakna (p<0.05 berdasarkan uji Kruskal Wallis). Jumlah kehilangan gigi bertambah seiring penuaan usia. Analisis korelasi faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kehilangan gigi menunjukkan bahwa usia dan status periodontal berhubungan sangat kuat dengan kehilangan gigi, jumlah karies gigi dan lesi periapikal memiliki hubungan sedang dengan kehilangan gigi, dan jenis kelamin dan jumlah restorasi gigi memiliki hubungan lemah dengan kehilangan gigi. Kesimpulan: Jumlah kehilangan gigi pada usia 31-45 tahun berbeda bermakna dibandingkan pada usia 46-60 dan 61-75 tahun. Kehilangan gigi cenderung bertambah seiring penuaan usia. Faktor risiko yang hubungannya sangat kuat dengan kehilangan gigi adalah usia dan kehilangan tulang.

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Background: To assess community oral health status, for several decades, epidemiologists have always used Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T) index. Based on the 2018 Basic Health Research, the mean of DMF-T index of Indonesia’s population was 7.1, which was considered high. Tooth loss is an irreversible oral condition that is often described as the final indicator of oral health status that causes functional, aesthetics, and social-psychological damage that greatly affects life quality. Tooth loss is a multi-factorial phenomenon. Thus, a concrete data is needed to assess the impact of risk factors on tooth loss in several age categories.

Objective: To obtain the data of tooth loss risk factors and the mean of missing teeth in 31-75-year-old subjects from digital panoramic radiograph.

Methods: This study was completed using secondary data of 375 digital panoramic radiographs in Universitas Indonesia Dental Hospital (RSKGM FKGUI). The subjects were devided into 3 categories: 31-45 years old, 46-60 years old, and 61-75 years old. In order to obtain the data of tooth loss and its risk factors: age, gender, caries/restoration/periapical disease, and periodontitis, the digital panoramic radiographs were interpreted. Then, the reliability test for both intraobserver and interobserver were conducted using t-test and Bland Altman test.

Results: The median, minimum, and maximum of tooth loss in the 31-45 years old group is 1 (0-5) teeth, 46-60 years old group is 5 (0-19) teeth, and 61-75 years old group is 10 (2-28) teeth. The number of tooth loss in all age groups are statistically different (p<0.05 in Kruskal Wallis test). The number of tooth loss increases as aging continues. Correlation analysis of the tooth loss risk factors showed that age and periodontitis have a very strong correlation with tooth loss, the number of tooth caries and periapical disease have a moderate correlation with tooth loss, and gender and restoration have a weak correlation with tooth loss.

Conclusion: The number tooth loss occurred in 31-45 years old group subject is significantly different compared to the number of tooth loss in 46-60 and 61-75 years old group. Tooth loss is strongly correlated with age and bone loss."

"Pada usia 40-75 tahun tulang rahang mengalami pengurangan massa yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan gigi, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai penanda awal risiko osteoporosis. Penelitian cross-sectional deskriptif ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi jumlah kehilangan gigi pada usia yang berisiko osteoporosis dari radiograf panoramik. Penghitungan kehilangan gigi pada 191 sampel di Paviliun Khusus RSGM FKG UI. Penghitungan oleh dua orang pengamat dan masing-masing dua kali penghitungan. Data reliabel dengan uji reliabilitas Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0,999, sedangkan uji korelasi usia dan jumlah kehilangan gigi menggunakan Pearson?s correlation coefficient (r) = 0,318. Database didapatkan dan terdapat korelasi antara usia dengan jumlah kehilangan gigi.

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In the age of 40-75, bone mass reduction occurs and can lead to tooth loss, which is considered as an indicator of osteoporosis. This descriptive cross-sectional study was held to provide database of tooth loss frequency distribution in risk ages of osteoporosis by using panoramic radiograph. Two observers counted the tooth loss in 191 samples from Paviliun Khusus RSGM FKG UI. Data set is reliable with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) 0.999. Pearson Correlation test shows correlation between age and tooth loss (r = 0.318). Frequency distribution of tooth loss database is attained with a correlation between age and tooth loss."

"ABSTRAK Odontocem® dan Biodentine®, berbahan dasar kalsium silikat. Tetapi terdapat kandungan lain yang mungkin memiliki efek pada viabiltas sel. Contohnya penambahan steroid dalam Odontocem®. Belum diketahui apakah penambahan steroid tersebut memiliki efek atau tidak terhadap viabilitas sel. Sel fibroblas yang diambil dari Telur Embrio Tertunas (TET), dipajan dengan Odontocem® dan Biodentine® dengan jumlah masing-masing kelompok sebesar 15 well. Kemudian viabilitas sel diukur selama 24 jam dan 72 jam. Hasil penelitian diuji dengan uji statistik Kruskal Wallis dengan uji post hoc Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa Odontocem® dan Biodentine® memiliki efek menurunkan viabiltas sel fibroblas pada pengukuran 24 jam dan 72 jam. Juga viabilitas sel fibroblas pada kelompok perlakuan Odontocem ® lebih tinggi daripada Biodentine® baik pada pengukuran 24 jam maupun 72 jam. ABSTRACT Odontocem® and Biodentine®, both consist of calcium silicate. But there are other substances which may have an effect on cell viability. For example, addition of steroids in Odontocem®. It is not yet known whether these steroids have an effect or not on the cell viability. Fibroblasts taken from Chicken Embryo, added with Odontocem® and Biodentine® by each group of 15 wells. Then the cell viability was measured for 24 hours and 72 hours. The result were tested by Kruskal Wallis statistical test with post hoc test of Mann-Whitney. Based on this research, it was found that Odontocem® and Biodentine® have a lowering effect on the fibroblast cell viability for 24 hours and 72 hours. Thus, fibroblast cell viability the treatment group Odontocem ® is higher than both the measurement Biodentine® 24 hours or 72 hours.;Odontocem® and Biodentine®, both consist of calcium silicate. But there are other substances which may have an effect on cell viability. For example, addition of steroids in Odontocem®. It is not yet known whether these steroids have an effect or not on the cell viability. Fibroblasts taken from Chicken Embryo, added with Odontocem® and Biodentine® by each group of 15 wells. Then the cell viability was measured for 24 hours and 72 hours. The result were tested by Kruskal Wallis statistical test with post hoc test of Mann-Whitney. Based on this research, it was found that Odontocem® and Biodentine® have a lowering effect on the fibroblast cell viability for 24 hours and 72 hours. Thus, fibroblast cell viability the treatment group Odontocem ® is higher than both the measurement Biodentine® 24 hours or 72 hours."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: siler polidimetilsiloksan merupakan siler baru yang berpotensi menutup saluran akar lebih baik. Tujuan: membandingkan tingkat kerapatanpengisian di sepertiga apeks antara teknik kon tunggal (KT) dan downpackbackfill(DB) menggunakan siler polidimetilsiloksan. Metode: empat puluh gigipremolar bawah dibagi menjadi dua kelompok KT dan DB. Setelah pengisiansaluran akar, sampel diinkubasi, dilapisi cat kuku, direndam dalam tinta India, laludibuat transparan dengan metode Robertson. Kebocoran di sepertiga apeksdievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Hasil: skor kebocoran terendah (0-0,5 mm)dimiliki oleh kelompok KT dan skor kebocoran tertinggi (>1 mm) dimiliki olehkelompok DB. Kesimpulan: teknik kon tunggal memberikan tingkat kerapatanyang lebih baik dibandingkan downpack-backfill, walaupun secara statistik perbedaan antar keduanya tidak signifikan. ABSTRACT Background: polydimethylsiloxane sealer is a brand new sealer that potentiallyhas a better sealing ability to the root canal. Aim: to compare the apical sealingability in one third apex between single cone (SC) and downpack-backfill (DB)technique using polydimethylsiloxane sealer. Methods: fourty extracted humanmanibular premolars devided into two group, SC and DB. After obturated withpolydimethylsiloxane sealer, samples were stored in incubator, coated with nailvarnish, immersed in India ink, and then specimens were cleared usingRobertson?s technique. The apical dye penetration was evaluated using astereomicroscope. Result: the lowest leakage score (0-0,5 mm) was found in SCgroup and the highest score(>1 mm) in DB group. Summary: single conetechnique exibited better sealing ability rather than downpack-backfill technique, although no statistical significant difference between this two techniques. ;Background: polydimethylsiloxane sealer is a brand new sealer that potentiallyhas a better sealing ability to the root canal. Aim: to compare the apical sealingability in one third apex between single cone (SC) and downpack-backfill (DB)technique using polydimethylsiloxane sealer. Methods: fourty extracted humanmanibular premolars devided into two group, SC and DB. After obturated withpolydimethylsiloxane sealer, samples were stored in incubator, coated with nailvarnish, immersed in India ink, and then specimens were cleared usingRobertson?s technique. The apical dye penetration was evaluated using astereomicroscope. Result: the lowest leakage score (0-0,5 mm) was found in SCgroup and the highest score(>1 mm) in DB group. Summary: single conetechnique exibited better sealing ability rather than downpack-backfill technique, although no statistical significant difference between this two techniques. ;Background: polydimethylsiloxane sealer is a brand new sealer that potentiallyhas a better sealing ability to the root canal. Aim: to compare the apical sealingability in one third apex between single cone (SC) and downpack-backfill (DB)technique using polydimethylsiloxane sealer. Methods: fourty extracted humanmanibular premolars devided into two group, SC and DB. After obturated withpolydimethylsiloxane sealer, samples were stored in incubator, coated with nailvarnish, immersed in India ink, and then specimens were cleared usingRobertson?s technique. The apical dye penetration was evaluated using astereomicroscope. Result: the lowest leakage score (0-0,5 mm) was found in SCgroup and the highest score(>1 mm) in DB group. Summary: single conetechnique exibited better sealing ability rather than downpack-backfill technique, although no statistical significant difference between this two techniques. "

"ABSTRAK Saat ini non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) merupakan penyebab terbanyak dari penyakit kronik hati pada anak dan dewasa. Penelitian terbaru memperlihatkan chemerin yang merupakan salah satu zat yang diproduksi oleh jaringan lemak memiliki andil penting pada NAFLD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kadar chemerin dalam darah dibandingkan enzim transaminase dalam mendeteksi secara dini kerusakan sel hati karena non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pada anak dengan obesitas. Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang (n=57) dilakukan pada 2 buah sekolah di Jakarta pada anak usia 9-12 tahun dengan obesitas. Anak yang masuk kriteria penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi hati untuk mendeteksi perlemakan hati. Kedua kelompok tersebut sama sama dilakukan pemeriksan kadar enzim transaminase dan chemerin darah. Hasil dari penelitian ini di dapatkan nilai rerata chemerin pada anak yang menderita NAFLD sebesar 96,71 ng/ml sedangkan yang tidak menderita NAFLD sebesar 92,8 ng/ml dengan P= 0,463. Hal ini menunjukkan nilai rerata anak dengan NAFLD dibandingkan dengan anak tanpa NAFLD tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pula bahwa pemeriksaan chemerin darah memiliki nilai AUC 0,52 dimana nilainya lebih rendah dibandingkan nilai AUC pemeriksaan SGOT dan SGPT yakni 0,81 dan 0,90. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar chemerin darah tidak dapat menjadi prediktor yang lebih baik untuk mendeteksi perlemakan hati dibandingkan pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada penelitian ini. Manfaat chemerin sebagai prediktor kelainan hati pada anak dengan obesitas perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Current studies have shown that chemerin, one of the biologically active substance produced by fat tissue, may have an important role in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this research was to study whether chemerin is able to predict liver abnormalities due to NAFLD in obese children better than serum transaminases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 57 obese subjects 9-12 years of age at 2 elementary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Liver ultrasound was performed in eligible subjects to detect fatty liver, along with serum chemerin and serum transaminase tests. Mean chemerin level in NAFLD and non-NAFLD children were 96.71 ng/mL and 92.8 ng/mL (p=0.463), showing no significant difference between serum chemerin level in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD group. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum chemerin was 0.52, lower than the AUC for AST (0.81) and AST (0.90). This shows that serum chemerin is not superior in predicting fatty liver compared to serum transaminase levels in this study. The role of chemerin as a marker to predict liver abnormalities in obese children still needs to be further investigated.;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Current studies have shown that chemerin, one of the biologically active substance produced by fat tissue, may have an important role in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this research was to study whether chemerin is able to predict liver abnormalities due to NAFLD in obese children better than serum transaminases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 57 obese subjects 9-12 years of age at 2 elementary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Liver ultrasound was performed in eligible subjects to detect fatty liver, along with serum chemerin and serum transaminase tests. Mean chemerin level in NAFLD and non-NAFLD children were 96.71 ng/mL and 92.8 ng/mL (p=0.463), showing no significant difference between serum chemerin level in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD group. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum chemerin was 0.52, lower than the AUC for AST (0.81) and AST (0.90). This shows that serum chemerin is not superior in predicting fatty liver compared to serum transaminase levels in this study. The role of chemerin as a marker to predict liver abnormalities in obese children still needs to be further investigated.;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Current studies have shown that chemerin, one of the biologically active substance produced by fat tissue, may have an important role in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this research was to study whether chemerin is able to predict liver abnormalities due to NAFLD in obese children better than serum transaminases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 57 obese subjects 9-12 years of age at 2 elementary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Liver ultrasound was performed in eligible subjects to detect fatty liver, along with serum chemerin and serum transaminase tests. Mean chemerin level in NAFLD and non-NAFLD children were 96.71 ng/mL and 92.8 ng/mL (p=0.463), showing no significant difference between serum chemerin level in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD group. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum chemerin was 0.52, lower than the AUC for AST (0.81) and AST (0.90). This shows that serum chemerin is not superior in predicting fatty liver compared to serum transaminase levels in this study. The role of chemerin as a marker to predict liver abnormalities in obese children still needs to be further investigated."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar oval memiliki tantangan tersendiri karenabentuknya yang ireguler sehingga file tidak dapat berkontak dengan seluruhdinding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan luas dinding saluran akaroval yang tidak terpreparasi dengan gerakan sirkumferensial filing. Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dipreparasi menjadidua kelompok: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®. Luas sisa tinta cina dianalisisdengan Adobe Photoshop CS6 dan ImageJ. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaanbermakna antara kedua kelompok, namun ProTaper Next® meninggalkan arealebih sedikit dibandingkan Mtwo®. Kesimpulan: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®tetap meninggalkan area yang tidak terpreparasi pada saluran akar oval.ABSTRACT Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Kehilangan gigi masih menjadi masalah dalam kesehatan gigi dan mulut orang dewasa di Indonesia. Namun, karena kurangnya kesadaran dan faktor sodiodemografi lainnya, biasanya pasien tidak langsung mencari perawatan prostodontik setelah mengalami kehilangan gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara status kehilangan gigi berdasarkan jumlah dan lokasinya dengan tingkat kesadaran mengenai perawatan prostodontik. Metode: Studi analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada pasien usia 20 tahun ke atas dengan satu atau lebih gigi yang hilang. Subjek diperiksa untuk mengetahui jumlah dan lokasi gigi hilang dan menjawab kuesioner mengenai kesadaran akan perawatan prostodontik. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis dan uji Mann Whitney ?=5 . Hasil: Jumlah dan posisi kehilangan gigi memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat kesadaran dengan perawatan prostodontik.

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ABSTRACTBackground Edentulism still represents a significant oral health concern among Indonesian adults. Due to lack of awareness, and other sociodemographic factors, mostly patients do not seek prosthetic treatment immediately after tooth loss. Objective This study was analyzed the relationship between number and position of tooth loss with perception of patient rsquo s awareness about prosthodontic treatment. Methods Analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was done using a consecutive sampling on patient age of 20 years and above with one or more missing teeth. Patients were evaluated to determine the number and position of tooth loss and answered questionnaire about awareness of prosthodontic treatment. This research was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test a 5 . Results The number and position of missing tooth had a relationship with patient rsquo s awareness of prosthodontic treatment."

"Latar belakang : Kehilangan gigi merupakan salah satu keadaan yang sering ditemukan pada kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Meskipun memiliki efek yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan secara menyeluruh, masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak mengatasi permasalahan kehilangan gigi dengan gigi tiruan. Contoh faktor yang menimbulkan kurangnya perawatan gigi tiruan, yaitu persepsi masyarakat terhadap perawatan gigi tiruan dan alasan finansial. Persepsi individu terhadap pemilihan rencana perawatan gigi merupakan keputusan yang sangat penting berdasarkan pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan motivasi. Persepsi dapat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, finansial, dan faktor sosiodemografis. Keadaan finansial merupakan salah satu faktor utama di negara berkembang untuk mencari perawatan. Hal ini dikarenakan biaya perawatan gigi tiruan yang cukup mahal sehingga banyak yang memilih perawatan gigi tiruan lepasan dikarenakan biayanya relative murah dibandingkan dengan perawatan gigi tiruan lainnya. Faktor finansial berhubungan erat dengan kesediaan untuk membayar perawatan (willingness to pay/WTP). Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan persepsi masyarakat dengan kesediaan membayar perawatan gigi tiruan lepasan. Selain itu, dilakukan juga analisis deskriptif keadaan sosiodemografis dan keadaan ekonomi masyarakat. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang pada 274 orang yang berusia 18 tahun ke atas yang mengalami kehilangan gigi (bukan karena pencabutan molar 3 ataupun alasan perawatan ortodonti). Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah persepsi masyarakat terhadap perawatan gigi tiruan dan untuk menentukan kesediaan membayar, menggunakan pertanyaan hipotetika, discrete choice, dan open-ended question. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji Chi-Square, Uji Kruskal Wallis, dan Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil Penelitan : Karakteristik demografis pada responden penelitian yang kehilangan gigi adalah perempuan (63,1%), berusia 35-54 tahun (42,7%), berpendidikan terakhir di perguruan tinggi (83,2%), dan memiliki jarak terdekat ke fasilitas kesehatan gigi terdekat dengan jarak 1-5 km (56,6%). Berdasarkan uji Chi-Square, tidak terdapat hubungan persepsi masyarakat dengan keputusan pemakaian gigi tiruan (domain tujuan (p=0,331), domain manfaat (p=0,579), dan domain prosedur (p=0,654), terdapat hubungan pendapatan dengan kesediaan membayar (p=0,014), terdapat hubungan pendidikan dengan kesediaan membayar (p=0,002), dan terdapat hubungan kesediaan membayar dengan keputusan pemakaian gigi tiruan (p=0,000). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan kesediaan membayar dengan perawatan gigi tiruan namun tidak terdapat hubungan persepsi masyarakat dengan perawatan gigi tiruan.

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Background: Tooth loss is a condition that is often found in dental and oral health. Even though it has a significant effect on overall health, there are still many people who do not overcome the problem of tooth loss with dentures. Examples of factors that lead to a lack of use of dentures are people's perceptions of denture treatment and financial reasons. Individual perception of the choice of treatment plan is a very important decision based on knowledge, awareness, and motivation. Perceptions can be influenced by educational level, financial, and sociodemographic factors. Financial situation is one of the main factors in developing countries to seek treatment. This is because the cost of denture treatment is quite expensive. This is because the cost of denture care is quite expensive, so many choose removable denture treatment because the cost is relatively cheap compared to other denture treatments. The financial factor is closely related to the willingness to pay for treatment (willingness to pay/WTP). Objective: To study the relationship between public perception and willingness to pay (WTP) for removable denture treatment. In addition, an analysis of the sociodemographic and economic conditions of the community was also carried out. Methods : This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design on 274 people aged 18 years and over and had missing teeth (not due to third molar extraction or reasons for orthodontic treatment). The questionnaire used is public perception of denture treatment and to determine willingness to pay, using hypothetical questions, discrete choice, and open-ended questions. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-Square Test, the Kruskal Wallis Test, and the Mann Whitney Test. Result: Demographic characteristics of the research respondents who lost their teeth were women (63.1%), aged 35-54 years (42.7%), graduated from university (83.2%), and had the closest distance to the nearest dental health facility with a distance of 1-5 km (56.6%). Based on the Chi-Square test, there is no relationship between public perception and the decision to use dentures (objective domain (p=0.331), benefits domain (p=0.579), and procedure domain (p=0.654), there is a relationship between income and willingness to pay (p =0.014), there is a relationship between education and willingness to pay (p=0.002), and there is a relationship between willingness to pay and the decision to use dentures (p=0.000). Conclusion: There is a relationship between willingness to pay and removable denture treatment but there is no relationship between public perception and denture treatment."