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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan salah satu bentuk dari malnutrisi dengan prevalensi paling tinggi. Kondisi ini terjadi di berbagai negara salah satunya di Indonesia dengan prevalensi terbesar berada di NTT. Dampak dari stunting bermacam-macam seperti meningkatkan resiko penyakit non-communicable pada saat dewasa, serta meningkatkan resiko obesitas pada saat dewasa. Pertumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hormon, salah satunya adalah leptin. Leptin dapat diproduksi dalam jumlah sedikit pada kelenjar saliva mayor. Namun, penelitian yang menunjukan hubungan stunting dengan kadar leptin masih terbatas khususnya dalam penelitian yang menggunakan saliva sebagai sampel. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar leptin pada saliva anak usia 6-8 tahun pada anak-anak berkategori stunting dan non-stunting serta menganalisis korelasinya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 84 sampel saliva anak usia 6-8 tahun di NTT yang dikategorikan menjadi stunting dan non-stunting. Saliva diteliti menggunakan BioEnzy© ELISA kit untuk melihat kadar leptin lalu dilakukan kuantifikasi menggunakan ELISA reader dengan panjang gelombang 450 nm. Dari pembacaan tersebut didapatkan nilai absorbance dan konsenterasi sampel saliva. Selanjutnya konsenterasi leptin sampel saliva dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS untuk mengetahui nilai komparasi dan korelasi dengan status stunting dan non-stunting. Hasil: Rata-rata kadar leptin saliva anak-anak 6-8 tahun stunting ditemukan lebih tinggi daripada anak-anak non-stunting. Terdapat hubungan linear negatif sedang yang bermakna antara kadar leptin saliva anak 6-8 tahun dengan status stunting (r = -0,287, p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan dan hubungan antara kadar leptin pada saliva anak usia 6-8 tahun dengan status stunting dan non-stunting. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari rata-rata kadar leptin pada saliva yang lebih tinggi pada anak-anak berstatus stunting daripada non-stunting. ......Background: Stunting is a form of malnutrition with the highest prevalence. This condition occurs in various countries, one of which is Indonesia, with the greatest prevalence in NTT. The impact of stunting varies, such as increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases as adults and increasing the risk of obesity as adults. Growth is influenced by various hormones, one of which is leptin. Leptin can be produced in small amounts in the major salivary glands. However, research showing the relationship between stunting and leptin levels is still limited, especially in studies using saliva as a sample. Objectives: Analyzing the differences between salivary leptin levels in children aged 6-8 years in the stunting and non-stunting groups and analyzing the correlation between salivary leptin levels in children aged 6-8 years with stunting. Method: This study used 84 saliva samples of children aged 6-8 years in NTT who were categorized as stunting and non-stunting. Saliva was examined using the BioEnzy© ELISA kit to see leptin levels and then quantified using an ELISA reader with a wavelength of 450 nm. From the readings, the absorbance and concentration values of the saliva samples were obtained. Furthermore, the leptin concentration of saliva samples was analyzed statistically using SPSS. Results: The average salivary leptin level of stunted children aged 6-8 years was found to be higher than the non-stunted children. There was a significant negative linear correlation between salivary leptin levels in children aged 6-8 years and stunting status (r = -0.287, p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between leptin levels in the saliva of children aged 6-8 years with stunting and non-stunting status. There is also a significant correlation between leptin levels in the saliva of children aged 6-8 years with stunting and non-stunting status. This can be seen from the average leptin level in saliva which is higher in stunted children than non-stunted children.

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[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi pola polimorfisme gen LEP G-2548A pada pasien dengan dan tanpa osteoporosis. Seratus sampel terdiri dari pasien dengan osteoporosis (50 sampel) dan pasien tanpa osteoporosis (50 sampel). Polimorfisme gen LEP G-2548A dianalisis menggunakan metode PCRRFLP. Perhitungan distribusi genotip dan alel pada kedua kelompok menggunakan uji Fisher. Frekuensi alel A dan genotip AA gen LEP G-2548A pada pasien osteoporosis berisiko meningkat dibandingkan pada pasien tanpa osteoporosis. Genotip LEP G-2548A pada pasien dengan dan tanpa osteoporosis memiliki hubungan tidak berbeda bermakna (p = 0,191). Distribusi pola polimorfisme gen LEP G-2548A berisiko meningkat pada pasien dengan osteoporosis ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyzed pattern distribution polymorphism LEP G- 2548A in patient with and without osteoporosis.One hundred samples consist of patient with and without osteoporosis.Genetic polymorhism LEP G-2548A were analyzed by PCR-RFLP methods.The calculation of the distribution of genotypes and alleles in both groups using Fisher test.The frequency of A allele and AA genotype LEP G-2548A gene presented increased risk in patient with osteoporosis.Statistical analysis of LEP G-2548A gene using fisher test between patient with and without osteoporosis showed no significant differences (p=0,191).Distribution of leptin gene G-2548A polymorphism pattern presented increased risk in patient with osteoporosis;The aim of this study was to analyzed pattern distribution polymorphism LEP G- 2548A in patient with and without osteoporosis.One hundred samples consist of patient with and without osteoporosis.Genetic polymorhism LEP G-2548A were analyzed by PCR-RFLP methods.The calculation of the distribution of genotypes and alleles in both groups using Fisher test.The frequency of A allele and AA genotype LEP G-2548A gene presented increased risk in patient with osteoporosis.Statistical analysis of LEP G-2548A gene using fisher test between patient with and without osteoporosis showed no significant differences (p=0,191).Distribution of leptin gene G-2548A polymorphism pattern presented increased risk in patient with osteoporosis, The aim of this study was to analyzed pattern distribution polymorphism LEP G- 2548A in patient with and without osteoporosis.One hundred samples consist of patient with and without osteoporosis.Genetic polymorhism LEP G-2548A were analyzed by PCR-RFLP methods.The calculation of the distribution of genotypes and alleles in both groups using Fisher test.The frequency of A allele and AA genotype LEP G-2548A gene presented increased risk in patient with osteoporosis.Statistical analysis of LEP G-2548A gene using fisher test between patient with and without osteoporosis showed no significant differences (p=0,191).Distribution of leptin gene G-2548A polymorphism pattern presented increased risk in patient with osteoporosis]

Abstrak :
Osteoporosis dapat disebabkan oleh faktor genetik, salah satunya yaitu gen LEPR. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis polimorfisme gen leptin reseptor (LEPR) Q223R pada pasien dengan dan tanpa osteoporosis. Sampel dibagi dua kelompok yaitu pasien dengan osteoporosis dan tanpa osteoporosis. Polimorfisme genotip di analisis menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP). Distribusi pola genotip AA dan alel A LEPR Q223R menunjukkan peningkatan risiko osteoporosis. Analisis statistik dengan uji fisher exact antara pasien dengan osteoporosis dan tanpa osteoporosis menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada genotip (p=0.044) dan alel (p<0.05). Distribusi pola polimorfisme gen LEPR Q223R berisiko meningkat pada pasien dengan osteoporosis.

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Osteoporosis caused by genetic factor, one of which is LEPR gene. This study analyzed polymorphism leptin receptor (LEPR) Q223R in patient with and without osteoporosis. Samples were divided into two group, with osteoporosis and without osteoporosis. The polymorphism were genotyped using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ? Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis. Mapping distribution of AA genotype and A Allele for LEPR Q223R presented an increased risk of osteoporosis. Statistic analysis of fisher exact test between patient with and without osteoporosis showed significant differences of genotype (p=0,044) and allele (p<0,05). Mapping distribution of polymorphism LEPR Q223R an increased risk of osteoporosis.

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Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara ekspresi reseptor leptin endometrium dengan ekspresi reseptor αvβ3 integrin endometrium pada fase luteal madya pasien infertilitas, untuk mencari tahu salah satu penyebab kegagalan implantasi. Nilai leptin lokal endometrium dinilai melalui ekspresi leptin endometrium dan daya terima endometrium dinilai melalui ekspresi reseptor αvβ3 integrin endometrium. Penelitian ini dengan desain potong lintang di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Ekspresi reseptor dinilai dari H-score pada pewarnaan imunohistokimia yang diambil dengan cara biopsi endometrium sebagai baku emas. Dari 30 sampel didapatkan ekspresi reseptor leptin endometrium baik pada 23 sampel (76,7%), ekspresi reseptor leptin endometrium buruk pada 7 sampel (23,3%), sedangkan hasil daya terima endometrium baik pada 24 sampel (80%), dan daya terima endometrium buruk pada 6 sampel (20%). Uji analisis membuktikkan kadar leptin serum berkorelasi kuat dengan ekspresi leptin endometrium (r=0,67;p<0,01) dengan ekspresi leptin endometrium, dan ekspresi leptin endometrium berkorelasi dengan daya terima endometrium (r=0,72;p<0,01). Analisis multivariat menyebutkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap daya terima endometrium secara berurutan adalah progesteron, ekspresi leptin endometrium, dan kadar leptin serum. ;The aim of this study is to correlate between endometrial leptin receptor expression with endometrial integrin αvβ3 expression on mid luteal phase of infertility patients to know one of the cause of implantation failure. Leptin played important role in female neuroendocrine and endometrial implantation. Local leptin value were assessed through the expression of leptin endometrial receptor and endometrial receptivity assessed through the expression of integrin αvβ3 endometrial. This study was crosssectional design in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. The expression of the receptor rated of H-score on immunohistochemical staining were taken by endometrial biopsy as the gold standard. From 30 samples obtained, good endometrial leptin receptor expression were found in 23 samples (76.7%), poor endometrial leptin receptor expression in were found 7 samples (23.3% ), good endometrial receptivity were found in 24 samples (80%) and poor endometrial receptivity in 6 samples (20%). Result of this study show leptin serum was strongly correlated (r=0,67;p<0,01) with leptin endometrial receptor expression and endometrial leptin receptor expression was strongly correlated with endometrial integrin αvβ3 expression (r=0,72;p<0,01). Multivariate analysis show factors that correlate to endometrial receptivity sequentially are progesterone, endometrial leptin receptor, and leptin serum.

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TB is still major problem even though number of TB cases had been decline steadily due to discovery and continuing research of TB drugs since 1940 and also increasing of funding and attention to global TB problem. Indonesia is the third country in descending order of TB case numbers. It is considered as the third main cause of death after cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this country. Several years ago, East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest incidence of sputum smear positive compared with other provinces in Indonesia. TB creates certain burdens in the community, initially in health and nutrition aspect, and then followed by other human aspects including economy and social. It is, therefore, eradicating TB in an effective and efficient way becomes a very emerging issue on TB treatment strategy. Since TB is an immune-related disease, hence, enhancing the immune system might be considered as an important strategy to be considered on TB treatment. Zinc, vitamin A and a new discovered protein, leptin, take a part on that issue. A cross sectional study was conducted with a main objective of investigating the relationship between nutritional and leptin status of new diagnosed pulmonary TB disease with the disease severity in selected districts of East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, literature review, problem statement and rationale, objective, hypotheses, conceptual framework and variable indicator matrix. Part 2 wraps up the manuscript for publication, entitled "Micronutrients and Leptin status Are Associated with the Radiological Features Among New Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." It is written and formatted based on author's guideline of the Journal of Nutrition. Part 3 covers the supporting documents including detailed methodology and other result, author's guideline of the journal, questionnaire, ethical approval, informed consent, official permit letter, references and curriculum vitae. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge about the severity of TB that reflects the specific profile of nutritional status (body fat, BMI, MUAC and micronutrient status) and plasma leptin. Furthermore, it will serve as reference data for further investigations, better interventions and treatments on active pulmonary TB patients.

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ABSTRAK
Leptin merupakan polipeptida dari sebuah gen obese,dan disintesis terutama oleh sel adiposa. Obesitas merupakan penyakit multifaktoral yang disebabkan interaksi antara faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Leptin merupakan indikator biologis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat obesitas. Anak obesitas mempunyai indeks karies yang rendah. Mikroorganisme utama penyebab karies adalah Streptococcus mutans. Tujuan penelitian melihat perbedaan kadar leptin saliva dan jumlah koloni S. mutans pada anak obesitas dan anak normal. Kadar leptin dinilai menggunakan ELISA dan jumlah koloni menggunakan pembiakan bakteri di TYS20B. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kadar leptin dan jumlah koloni S. mutans pada anak obesitas dan anak normal

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ABSTRACT
Leptin, product of the ob gene, is a peptide hormone and synthesized mainly by adipose cells Obesity is a multifactoral disease caused by genetic factors and environmental factors. Leptin as one of biological indicators which can used to measure the level of obesity. Children with obesity has low caries index. The main microorganisms that cause caries is Streptococcus mutans. This study aimed to see differences in salivary leptin levels and the number of S. mutans colonies in obese children and normal children. Leptin levels assessed using ELISA and total of colonies using bacterial cultures in TYS20B. The results showed significant differences between leptin levels and total of colonies of S. mutans in obese children and normal children.

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Latar Belakang: Obesitas merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya osteoartritis (OA). Penelitian terdahulu bahwa faktor mekanik belum cukup untuk menjelaskan hubungan OA dengan obesitas. Faktor resiko ini dapat menurunkan fungsi dan aktifitas fisik pasien OA. Lemak viseral tempat ditemukan White Adipose Tissue (WAT), dapat mengeluarkan hormon leptin, dan leptin dapat mensekresi sitokin proinflamasi yang berdampak pada degradasi kartilago sendi, yang diduga berhubungan dengan kejadian OA Tujuan: Mendapatkan gambaran leptin serum dan kadar IL-1β cairan sendi pasien OA lutut wanita dengan obesitas sentral. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada pasien OA lutut wanita yang berobat di poliklinik Rheumatologi RSCM dalam kurun waktu Maret–Juli 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara berturutan. Diagnosis OA lutut berdasarkan kriteria ACR 1986. Dilakukan pemeriksaan lemak viseral dengan menggunakan alat BIA Karada Scan .HBF 375. Pemeriksaan leptin serum dan IL-1ß cairan sendi dengan metode ELISA. Hasil: Didapatkan 22 subjek wanita yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Nilai median lemak viseral 12,5 (5 – 27,5 ) %, nilai median leptin serum 19735,5 (2998–81782) pg/ml, dan nilai median IL-1ß 1,23 (0,76 – 6,11). Simpulan: Didapatkan kadar rerata leptin serum 19735,5 (2998-81782) pg/ml dan rerata kadar IL-1β cairan sendi 1,23 ( 0,76 – 6,11). ......Background: Obesity is a well recognized risk faktor for osteoarthritis. However, the relationship between obesity and OA may not simply due to mechanical factor, may be a risk factor for declining function and physical activity. Viseral fat is that founded white adipocite tissue is product quantities of leptin. It's to secrete higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine and implicated in cartilage degradation. The aim: of this study was to examine Profile of serum leptin and IL-1β synovial fluid in central obecity with knee osteoarthritis woman patients Methods: This study was cross sectional study in OA patients visiting Rheumatology outpatients clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during March – July 2017. Sample were collcted using consecutive sampling methood. Knee OA diagnosed according to the 1986 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Viseral fat were measred by BIA Karada Scan HBF 375. Blood serum and synovial fluid was collected from 22 knee OA patients, serum leptin and synovial fluid were measured by ELISA, Results : Of twenty two subjects met the inclution criteria, median of viseral fat was 12,5 (5 – 27,5) % and median of serum leptin was 19735,5 ( 2998 – 81782) pg/ml and median of IL-1 β was 1,23 ( 0,76 - 6,11) pg/ml. Conclusion: :Serum leptin was 19735,5 (2998 – 81782) pg/ml and median of IL-1 β was 1,23 ( 0,76 - 6,11) pg/ml.

Abstrak :
Salah satu mekanisme terjadinya resistensi leptin pada obesitas adalah kelainan reseptor leptin (Ob-R).

Abstrak :
Salah satu mekanisme terjadinya resistemi leptin pada obesitas adalah kelainan reseptor leptin (Ob-R). Beberapa penelitian membuklikan bahwa aktifitas ikatan leptin di serum manusia berhubungan dengan reseptor leptin terlarut (soluble leptin receptor) dan restriksi asupan energi menyebabkan penurunan kadar leptin darah. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beda kadar reseptor leptin terlarut serum dan densitas reseptor leptin dijaringan lemak adventitial aorta setelah dilakukan restriksi diet selama 4 minggu. Kadar reseptor leptin terlarut diukur dengan ELISA dan densitas reseptor leptin di jaringan lemak dengan irnunohistokimia. Kadar reseptor leptin terlarut pada kelompok perlakuan 40% diet normal lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (p=0,02). Tidak didapaikan perbedaan reseptor leptin terlarut yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan 40% diet normal, 1 hari puasa-1 hari makan normal dan 1 hari pitasa-2 hari makan normal. Di sisi lain, densitas reseplor leptin dijaringan lemak advenlitia aorta justru lebih tinggi pada kelompok restriksi 40% daripada kontrol. Restriksi diet 40% kalori normal harian menurunkan kadar reseptor leptin terlarut di serum, tetapi meningkatkan densitas reseptor leptin dijaringan lemak advential aorta tikus. Perubahan ini mungkin merupakan akibat mekanisme up regulation dalani mempertahankan homeostasis. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:145-50)

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One of the five possible mechanisms of leptin resistance in human obesity is the defect in the leptin receptor (Ob-R). Evidence has accumulated that leptin-binding activity in human serum is related to a soluble form of the leptin receptor, and restriction of energy intake resulted a decrease in circulating leptin levels. Aim of this study is to examine the difference of serum soluble leptin receptor level and ieplin receptor density in rat adipose tissue of adventitial aorta after four weeks treated with different restricted diets. Soluble leptin receptor level was measured by ELISA and leptin receptor density by using immuno-hisfochemistry. The soluble leptin receptor in group treated with 40% of normal daily calori diet was found significantly lower than control (p = 0.02). There were no any significant differences among group treated with 40 % of normal daily calori diet, "I day fast-] day eat", and "ldayfaxt-2 days eat" groups, and among I day fast-1 day eat", "day fast - 2 days eat" and control groups as well. On the other hand, leptin receptor density in adipose tissues was higher in restricted diet group than control. Diet of 40 % normal daily calorie for 4 weeks decreased soluble leptin receptor level, but increased adipocyte leptin receptor density of the adipose tissue of rat adventitial aorta. These changes may be resulted from an up regulation mechanism in relation with homeostatic maintenance. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:145-50)