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Hasil Pencarian

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Singh, H.
"Klorokuin masih merupakan obat anti malaria yang terbanyak digunakan sampai saat ini. Retinopati akibat akumulasi obat telah pernah dilaporkan, terutama pada para pasien gangguan rematologik yang menjalani pengobatan jangka panjang. Sebuah laporan kasus yang langka mengenai retinopati idiosinkratik yang dicetuskan oleh klorokuin pada terapi malaria Falciparum, disajikan di sini. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 176-8)

Chloroquine still remains the most widely used antimalarial of present time. Cumulative dose retinopathy has been reported with the use of chloroquine therapy, especially seen in patients on its chronic therapy in rheumatological disorders. A rare case report on chloroquine induced idiosyncratic retinopathy while being used in treatment of Falciparum malaria is being presented. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 176-8)"
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2002
MJIN-11-3-JulSep2002-176
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Siagian, Joyce Novelyn
"ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Kusta merupakan penyakit menular yang belum sepenuhnya dapat
dikendalikan, dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena cacat yang ditimbulkan,
salah satunya akibat reaksi kusta. Terapi utama untuk reaksi kusta adalah kortikosteroid,
dalam dosis standar 12 minggu sesuai rekomendasi WHO dan Kemenkes RI. Dengan
terapi standar ini, kesembuhan dapat tidak tercapai dan sering terjadi rekurensi, sementara
durasi pemberian yang lama diduga dapat memberikan perbaikan klinis lebih baik serta
bertahan lebih lama. Bukti efikasi kortikosteroid pada reaksi kusta masih kurang, dan
dosis optimal serta lama terapi yang dibutuhkan sangat bervariasi. Di sisi lain, kebutuhan
akan kortikosteroid dosis tinggi jangka panjang menimbulkan kesulitan menghindari efek
samping, mencakup hampir semua sistem organ. Dengan adanya perbedaan penetapan
durasi pemberian kortikosteroid pada reaksi kusta, sementara penggunaan jangka panjang
cenderung meningkatkan efek samping, maka diperlukan analisis perbedaan efektivitas
terapi dan efek samping antara kortikosteroid 12 minggu dengan >12 minggu.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain kohort
retrospektif yang membandingkan efektivitas terapi dan kejadian efek samping antara
penggunaan kortikosteroid 12 minggu dengan >12 minggu pada pasien kusta dengan
reaksi, melibatkan seluruh pasien baru kusta dengan reaksi tanpa batasan usia, yang
berobat ke RSCM dan Puskesmas Cakung selama periode 1 Januari 2015 sampai 31
Desember 2017. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari rekam medik, dan pengamatan
dilakukan sampai Desember 2018. Efektivitas terapi dinilai dari perbaikan klinis hingga
kortikosteroid dapat diturunkan bertahap dan dihentikan, tanpa ada rekurensi dalam 3
bulan setelah siklus pertama selesai. Efek samping dinilai dari seluruh efek samping
terkait kortikosteroid yang tercatat pada rekam medik.
Hasil: Dari 195 subjek, 57 (29.2%) menggunakan kortikosteroid selama 12 minggu, dan
138 (70.8%) menggunakannya selama >12 minggu. Efektivitas terapi berupa perbaikan
klinis tanpa rekurensi selama 3 bulan terjadi pada 38 (66.7%) pasien kelompok 12 minggu
dan 106 (76.8%) pasien kelompok >12 minggu (RR 0.604 dengan IK 95% 0.307 1.189,
p 0.143). Dari 145 subjek, efek samping kortikosteroid terjadi pada 12 (31.6%) pasien
kelompok 12 minggu dan 70 (65.4%) pasien kelompok >12 minggu (RR 0.244 dengan
IK 95% 0.111 0.538, p<0.001). Dari total 171 kejadian efek samping yang timbul,
37.4% adalah efek samping ringan berupa dispepsia, kelainan kulit dan lipodistrofi,
sementara 62.6% adalah efek samping berat berupa gangguan neuropsikiatrik, kelainan
mata, penyakit kardiovaskular, perdarahan saluran cerna, kelainan metabolik-hormonal,
serta reaktivasi infeksi.
Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan efektivitas berupa perbaikan klinis tanpa rekurensi
selama 3 bulan, antara penggunaan kortikosteroid 12 minggu dengan >12 minggu,
sementara efek samping yang timbul berbeda signifikan, yakni durasi pemberian yang
lebih panjang menimbulkan kejadian efek samping 4 kali lebih banyak.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Leprosy is an infectious disease that has not been fully controlled, and has
become a public health problem because of the defects caused, one of which is a leprosy
reactions. The main therapy for leprosy reactions is corticosteroids, in a standard 12
weeks dose according to WHO recommendations and the Indonesian Ministry of Health.
Through this standard, therapy healing can not be achieved and recurrence often occurs,
while long duration of administration thought to provide better clinical improvement and
last longer. Evidence related to the efficacy of corticosteroids in the leprosy reactions is
still lacking, and the optimal dose and duration of therapy needed varies greatly. On the
other hand, the need for long-term high-dose corticosteroids makes it difficult to avoid
adverse effects, covering almost all organ systems. With the differences in the duration
of corticosteroid administration in leprosy reactions, while long-term use tends to increase
adverse effects, an analysis of the differences in therapeutic effectiveness and adverse
effects between corticosteroid use for 12 weeks and >12 weeks is needed.
Method: This study is an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design
that compares the effectiveness of therapy and the incidence of adverse effects between
corticosteroid use for 12 weeks and >12 weeks in leprosy patients with reactions,
involving all new leprosy patients without age restriction, who seek treatment at RSCM
and Puskesmas Cakung during the period of January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.
Secondary data was collected from medical records, and observations were carried out
until December 2018. Effectiveness of therapy was assessed from clinical improvement
to corticosteroids can be gradually reduced and stopped, without recurrence within 3
months after the first cycle was completed. Adverse effects were assessed from all
corticosteroid-related side effects recorded in the medical record.
Result: Of 195 subjects, 57 (29.2%) used corticosteroids for 12 weeks, and 138 (70.8%)
used it for >12 weeks. The effectiveness of therapy in the form of clinical improvement
without recurrence for 3 months occurred in 38 (66.7%) patients in the 12 weeks group
and 106 (76.8%) patients in the >12 weeks group (RR 0.604 with 95% CI 0.307 - 1.189,
p 0.143). Of 145 subjects, corticosteroids adverse effects occurred in 12 (31.6%) patients
in the 12 weeks group and 70 (65.4%) patients in the >12 weeks group (RR 0.244 with
95% CI 0.111-0.538, p <0.001). Of the total 171 occurrences of adverse effects, 37.4%
were mild such as dyspepsia, skin disorders and lipodystrophy, while 62.6% were severe
in the form of neuropsychiatric disorders, eye disorders, cardiovascular disease,
gastrointestinal bleeding, metabolic-hormonal disorders, and reactivation of infection.
Conclusion: There is no difference in effectiveness in the form of clinical improvement
without recurrence for 3 months, between corticosteroid use for 12 weeks compared with
>12 weeks, while the adverse effects that arise differ significantly, namely the longer
duration of administration causes 4 times more events."
2019
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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William
"Background a meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) on category I pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) treatments showed that either part-daily (2RHZE/4R3H3) or daily dose (2RHZE/4RH) had the same failure and recurrence rates. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that the part-daily dose had higher failure and recurrence rates. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the treatment outcomes between both regimens, whether daily dose regimen has a better treatment outcome than part-daily dose regimen, and the adverse effects between both regimens. Methods this was an analytic cross-sectional study of patients at the Persahabatan General Hospital, over the period of January 2015-June 2018. Data were taken from medical records and supported by telephone interviews, each regimen group had 175 patients.
Results there were no significant differences for success rates (p=0.470), lost to follow up rates (p=0.659), failure rates (p=1.000), death rates (p=1.000), and adverse effects in the continuation phase (p=0.324) between the groups. There were, however, significant differences in cure rates (p < 0.001) and complete treatment rates (p<0.001) between the groups. Conclusion the cure rate and complete treatment rate were found to be better for the part-daily than the daily doses. The success rate of both regimens were the same as Indonesia's target (90%). In the continuation phase, there were no significant difference of adverse effects between both regimens."
Jakarta: University of Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, 2021
610 UI-IJIM 53:1 (2021)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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William
"Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyebab utama kematian akibat infeksi di dunia. Sejak tahun 2008 - 2017 terdapat penurunan angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB di Indonesia (< 90%). Rekomendasi pengobatan TB di Indonesia adalah paduan obat antituberkulosis (OAT) dosis berselang sebagian (2RHZE/4R3H3) atau harian (2RHZE/4RH). Menurut WHO, paduan OAT RHZE/R3H3 mempunyai angka kegagalan dan kekambuhan yang lebih tinggi. Namun, penelitian meta-analisis RCT menyatakan bahwa kedua paduan OAT mempunyai angka kegagalan dan kekambuhan yang sama. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk membandingkan hasil pengobatan dan efek samping antara paduan OAT 2RHZE/2RH dengan 2RHZE/4R3H3.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang membandingkan hasil pengobatan dan efek samping antara paduan OAT 2RHZE/4RH dengan 2RHZE/4R3H3 pada pasien TB paru kategori I di RSUP Persahabatan periode Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2018. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik. Hasil pengobatan dinilai sesuai definisi dalam pedoman nasional penanggulangan TB di Indonesia dan WHO. Efek samping dinilai dari seluruh efek samping terkait OAT yang tercatat dalam rekam medik.
Hasil: Terdapat 175 pasien pada masing-masing kelompok. Pada kelompok paduan OAT 2RHZE/4RH terdapat 89.1% pasien berhasil, 13.1% sembuh,76.0% pengobatan lengkap, 10.6% putus berobat, 0.6% gagal, dan tidak ada yang meninggal. Pada kelompok paduan OAT 2RHZE/4R3H3 terdapat 91.4% pasien berhasil, 39.4% sembuh, 52.0% lengkap, 8% putus berobat, tidak ada yang gagal, dan 0.6% meninggal. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna untuk keberhasilan pengobatan (p=0.470, OR=1.299, IK95%;0.637-2.648), putus berobat (p=0.659 ,OR=0.758, IK95%;0.365-1.577), gagal (p=1.000), dan meninggal (p=1.000) di antara kedua kelompok. Namun, terdapat perbedaan bermakna untuk kesembuhan (p=0.003, OR=2.358, IK95%;1.375-5.206) dan pengobatan lengkap (p=<0.001, OR=0.342, IK95%;0.217-0.540). Sebagian besar pasien mengalami efek samping pengobatan (51.1%) terutama di tahap intensif (73.2%). Pada tahap lanjutan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna kejadian efek samping antara kedua kelompok (p= 0.324, OR=1.386, IK95%; 0.723-2.657).
Kesimpulan: Kesembuhan kelompok paduan OAT 2RHZE/4R3H3 lebih baik daripada 2RHZE/4RH, sedangkan pengobatan lengkap sebaliknya. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna untuk keberhasilan pengobatan, putus berobat, kegagalan, meninggal, dan kejadian efek samping pada tahap lanjutan di antara kedua kelompok.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the main cause of death for infectious disease in the world. Since 2008 - 2017, there was a decline of TB success rate (< 90%) in Indonesia. Treatment of TB in Indonesia are using antituberculosis drugs with part daily dose combination (2RHZE/4R3H3) or daily dose combination (2RHZE/4RH). WHO concluded that 2RHZE/4R3H3 combination had higher failure and recurrence rate. However, a meta-analysis study showed that both combinations had same failure and recurrence rate. Therefore, this study is conducted to compare treatment outcomes and adverse effects between 2RHZE/4RH combination and 2RHZE/4R3H3 combination.
Method: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design which compared treatment outcomes and adverse effects between 2RHZE/4RH combination and 2RHZE/4R3H3 combination in pulmonary tuberculosis patient at RSUP Persahabatan period January 2015 until June 2018. Secondary data was taken from medical record. Treatment outcomes were assessed using definition in Indonesia National Guideline of TB and WHO. Adverse effects were assessed from all adverse effects that written in medical record.
Result: There are 175 patients in each group. In 2RHZE/4RH combination group, there were 89.1% patients succeed, 13.1% cured, 76.0% completed treatment, 10.6% lost to follow up, 0.6% failed and no one died. In 2RHZE/4R3H3 combination group, there were 91.4% patients succeed, 39.4% cured, 52.0% completed treatment, 8% lost to follow up, no one failed, and 0.6% died. There was no significant difference for success (p=0.470, OR=1.299, IK95%;0.637-2.648), loss to follow up (p=0.659, OR=0.758, IK95%;0.365-1.577), failure (p=1.000), and death rate (p=1.000) between two groups. However, there was a significant difference for cure (p=0.003, OR=2.358, IK95%;1.375-5.206) and complete treatment rate (p=<0.001, OR=0.342, IK95%;0.217-0.540) between two groups. Most patients had adverse effects (51,5%), especially in intensive phase (73,2%). In continuation phase, there was no significant difference of adverse effects event between two groups (p = 0.324, OR= 1.386, IK95%; 0.723-2.657).
Conclusion: Cure rate was better in 2RHZE/4R3H3 group than 2RHZE/4RH group, for completed treatment on the contrary. There was no significant difference for success rate, loss to follow up rate, failure rate, death rate, and adverse effects event in continuation phase between two groups.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T59177
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Vera Rakhmawati Nugraheni
"Radioterapi memiliki kesan yang negatif bagi para pasien karena proses pengobatannya yang tidak terlihat dan efek samping yang dikhawatirkan. Kurangnya informasi terkait radioterapi dan efek sampingnya menimbulkan ketakutan, kecemasan, atau depresi pada pasien. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis praktik klinik peran perawat sebagai edukator dalam mengatasi kecemasan pada pasien tumor otak yang menjalani radioterapi. Edukasi yang diberikan kepada klien mengenai manajemen efek samping terbukti membuat pasien merasa lebih tenang. Rekomendasi penulisan ini ialah agar perawat melakukan peran edukator pada pasien yang menjalani radioterapi melalui pendekatan psikososial demi mengurangi dan mencegah kecemasan pasien.

Radiotherapy has its negative impression for patients because the treatment can't be seen and the adverse effects they are afraid of. The lack of informatios regarding the side effects and how to manage them causes anxiety and depression in patients. This report purposed to analyze clinical practice of nurse's role as an educator focused to anxiety management in brain tumor patient receiving radiotherapy. Education about the adverse effects of radiotherapy and its’s management was given. The result showed it can relieve patient's anxiety. The recommendation for nurse is optimize nurse’s role as an educator in patient receiving radiotherapy with adding psychosocial approach in order to prevent anxiety in patients.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2014
PR-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library