Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tesis ini membahas menganai Analisa Terhadap Jasa e-commerce atau Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia dan Ketentuan General Agreement on Trade in Services. Pada saat ini WTO belum mengatur e-commerce, namun beberapa investor asing telah berinvestasi dalam industri e-commerce di Indonesia. Tesis ini menggunakan kajian hukum normatif dengan tipologi penelitian presktiptif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan telah terjadi liberalisasi jasa e-commerce di Indonesia, walaupun adanya persyaratan pendaftaran perusahan asing dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan dan pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 44 Tahun 2016 tentang Daftar Bidang Usaha Yang Tertutup Dan Bidang Usaha Yang Terbuka Dengan Persyaratan Di Bidang Penanaman Modal.Saran untuk penelitian ini adalah apabila WTO akan mengatur e-commerce sebaiknya tetap menerapkan ketentuan yang berlaku dalam GATS dan menerapkan pengaturan e-commerce dari FTA negara-negara yang telah berkomitmen dalam sektor e-commerce. Pemerintah Indonesia dapat membuat pembatasan-pembatasan mengenai kepemilikan modal asing di dalam SoC yang terdapat dalam ketentuan GATS.

---

The Focus of this thesis is about analysis of e-commerce base on Indonesia Act and Provision of General Agreement on Trade on Services. At this time the WTO has not been set up e-commerce, but some foreign investors have invested in e-commerce industry in Indonesia. This thesis uses a typology of normative legal analysis prescriptive research.

The results of this study indicate there has been a liberalization of services of e-commerce in Indonesia, although the requirements for registration of foreign companies in Act No. 7 of 2014 on Trade and the restrictions on foreign equity ownership in Presidential Regulation No. 44 Year 2016 concerning List of Closed and Opened Business Field with Requirement in the Field of Investment.

Suggestions for this research is that if the WTO will set up e-commerce should continue to implement the applicable provisions of GATS and implementing e-commerce arrangements of FTA countries that have been committed in the e-commerce sector. Indonesian Government can make borders for foreign investment on SoC in Provision of GATS."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai Implementasi Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Pada Ekspor Perdagangan Rumput Laut Dan Ganggang Di Indonesia, kemudian penelitian ini juga bersifat yuridis normatif. Selanjutnya, penulisan ini juga didapati bahwa hasilnya ialah Ekspor Perdagangan Rumput Laut dan Ganggang di Indonesia setelah Indonesia meratifikasi RCEP dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 24 tahun 2022 Tentang Pengesahan Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement “RCEP” (Persetujuan Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Regional) meningkat karena manfaat dari RCEP itu sendiri ialah dengan memberikan suatu keuntungan yang nyata bagi negara-negara RCEP melalui peningkatan akses pasar, fasilitasi perdagangan yang lebih koheren dan menggagas adanya peraturan-peraturan yang saling menguntungkan yang selanjutnya dapat diharapkan untuk mampu memberikan suatu kepastian dan keseragaman dari aturan perdagangan serta dapat meningkatkan ekspor barang terutama dalam rumput laut dan juga ganggang yang memiliki berbagai manfaat untuk bahan pangan, kosmetik, obat-obatan dan rumput laut dan ganggang juga merupakan komoditi yang unggul di dalam perdagangan dunia terutama ekspor dari indonesia terhadap negara-negara ASEAN dan mitra RCEP, peluang bagi Indonesia dalam memanfaatkan RCEP ini ialah dengan memudahkan bagi suatu negara anggotanya untuk mendapatkan suatu bahan baku industri yang lebih efesien serta dalam hal ini liberalisasi perdagangan barang dalam lingkup ASEAN juga akan menjamin adanya kelancaran suatu arus barang untuk pasokan bahan baku maupun bahan jadi di kawasan ASEAN karena hambatan tarif dan non tarif sudah tidak ada. Dalam hal ini akses pasar pada RCEP mengenai ekspor perdagangan Rumput laut dan ganggang ialah RCEP dapat bertambah peluang dan kesempatan pada akses pasar produk-produk Indonesia, maka akan bertambah peluang dan kesempatan akses pasar produk-produk Indonesia salah satu negara di Asia yaitu Tiongkok merupakan negara paling banyak menerima ekspor Rumput laut dan ganggang dari Indonesia.

---

This thesis discusses the Implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on the Export Trade of Seaweed and Algae in Indonesia, then this research is also normative juridical in nature. Furthermore, this writing also found that the result was that the Export Trade of Seaweed and Algae in Indonesia after Indonesia ratified the RCEP in Law Number 24 of 2022 Concerning Ratification of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement "RCEP" (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) increased due to the benefits of RCEP itself is to provide a real advantage for RCEP countries through increasing market access, facilitating trade that is more coherent and initiating mutually beneficial regulations which can then be expected to be able to provide certainty and uniformity of trade rules and can increase exports of goods, especially in seaweed and algae which have various benefits for food, cosmetics, medicines and seaweed and algae are also superior commodities in world trade, especially exports from Indonesia to ASEAN countries and RCEP partners, the opportunity for Indonesia to take advantage of this RCEP is to make it easier for a member country to obtain a more efficient industrial raw material and in this case the liberalization of trade in goods within the scope of ASEAN will also ensure a smooth flow of goods for the supply of raw materials and finished materials in the region ASEAN because tariff and non- tariff barriers no longer exist. In this case, market access to RCEP regarding the export trade of seaweed and algae is that RCEP can increase opportunities and opportunities for market access for Indonesian products, so there will be increased opportunities and opportunities for market access for Indonesian products, one of the countries in Asia, namely China is a country Indonesia receives the most exports of seaweed and algae."

"Penelitian ini merupakan studi implikasi hukum komitmen GATS terhadap otonomi pengaturan jasa arsitektur nasional Indonesia. Jasa arsitektur merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam bidang ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam pengembangan infrastruktur, peningkatan alih teknologi serta dalam menunjang terwujudnya tujuan pembangunan nasional.Pada umumnya, jasa arsitektur sesuai dengan karakteristiknya, merupakan industri berbasis lokal yang sangat teregulasi. Karena itu komitmen liberalisasi perdagangan jasa dalam kerangka GATS suatu negara dapat mengurangi otonomi negara tersebut dalam meregulasi sektor jasa arsitektur nasionalnya. Dalam penelitian ini ketentuan-ketentuan GATS akan dianalisa untuk melihat dampak obligasi tersebut terhadap pengaturan jasa arsitektur transnasional dan otonomi pengaturan jasa arsitektur nasional.Penelitian diawali dengan tinjauan umum tentang globalisasi jasa arsitektur. Kemajuan teknologi telah mengubah jasa arsitektur yang berbasis lokal menjadi suatu industri global. Namun, perdagangan transnasional jasa arsitektur dipenuhi oleh berbagai hambatan-hambatan domestik maupun eksternal. GATS merupakan perjanjian multilateral pertama untuk mengurangi hambatan-hambatan tersebut.Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan tinjauan umum GATS dan aplikasinya dalam perdagangan jasa arsitektur transnasional untuk mempelajari pengaruh GATS terhadap liberalisasi jasa arsitektur. Analisa ketentuan-ketentuan GATS dan komitmen-komitmen negara-negara berkaitan dengan jasa arsitektur menunjukkan peningkatan liberalisasi perdagangan transnasional jasa arsitektur. Namun, fleksibilitas GATS dalam hal pembatasan-pembatasan aplikasinya, pada akhirnya mengurangi tingkat liberalisasi tersebut.Hal yang sama ditemukan dalam pembahasan implikasi GATS terhadap otonomi pengaturan jasa arsitektur nasional Indonesia. Ketentuan-ketentuan GATS berpontensi untuk mempengaruhi dan mengurangi otonomi Pemerintah dalam meregulasi sektor jasa arsitektur nasional. Tapi, berdasarkan komitmen GATS Indonesia saat ini, dampak obligasi GATS terhadap pengaturan jasa arsitektur nasional tersebut adalah minimal.Terakhir, sebagai pemikiran ke depan, harus diusahakan peningkatan kompetensi profesi arsitek maupun profesi hukum Indonesia, untuk dapat menghadapi dan mengambil manfaat sebaik-baiknya dari perundingan-perundingan lanjutan GATS yang bertujuan untuk mengadakan liberalisasi progresif di sektor jasa arsitektur."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai liberalisasi sektor telekomunikasi di Indonesia sebagai bentuk komitmen Indonesia di WTO, khususnya ketentuan General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) dengan melihat pada Schedule of Commitment dan regulasi domestik Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode normatif preskriptif untuk melihat sejauhmana perkembangan liberalisasi sektor telekomunikasi di Indonesia serta kesiapan Indonesia dalam menghadapi liberalisasi agar dapat memanfaatkan peluang sekaligus melindungi kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa liberalisasi sektor telekomunikasi di Indonesia telah dimulai dengan pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 1999 Tentang Telekomunikasi serta berakhirnya konsep monopoli di sektor telekomunikasi Indonesia. Dalam perkembangannya pemerintah telah melakukan upaya yang cukup menunjang dalam rangka menghadapi liberalisasi agar dapat efektif memanfaatkan hasil liberalisasi.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis is concerning about liberalization of telecommunication sector in Indonesia as Indonesian’s commitment in WTO, especially stipulation in General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) by refers on Schedule of Commitment and domestic regulation in Indonesia. This research is conducted using normative prescriptive methods to discover how far are the liberalizations of telecommunication sector development in Indonesia and the preparation of the country in dealing with liberalization so it will be able to take advantage of opportunities and also to protect Indonesia’s interests. The result of the research shows that the liberalizations of telecommunication sector in Indonesia has initiated by the Act no 36, 1999 About Telecommunication and the end of monopoly concept in Telecommunication sector of Indonesia. Within the development, the government has conducted moderate value of supporting effort in order to deal with liberalization to be effective in utilize liberalization output."

"General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has made significant impact on telecommunication industry in Indonesia. It ended the monopoly of telecommunication services provided for decades by two of State Owned Enterprises (SOE), PT Telkom and PT Indosat. After the GATS agreement, anyone can be a telecommunication services provider in Indonesia. Furthermore, the GATS agreement also describe that the protection toward domestic provider must be ended and gradual liberation must be accomplish in certain reasonable period reflected to the schedule of commitments in WTO. Due to this condition, Indosat must anticipate by re-planning, repositioning and reform its core business and organization in order to survive and gain some advantage from this new telecommunication platform policy that strongly support free competition. And so, the purposes of this paper are to examine and describe the anticipation of Indosat toward the new telecommunication platform and the Indosat participation toward the obligation to provide universal services.By using the description method with qualitative approach and back up fundamentally by service trade theories and GATS General principles along with obligation in telecommunication industry sets by WTO, this research is to find out how far that Indosat used its potentiality such as human resources, infrastructures, financial power, and its clusters to deaf with the trade liberation drive by GATS and to gain some advantage from the four Mode of Supply.The anticipation of Indosat toward the impact of GATS is done by focusing in wireless telecommunication business and by convergent the telecommunication sector with multimedia sector particularly in the advanced of Internet technology. Furthermore, Indosat is also gain some fundamental benefit from Mode of Supply and from lndosat cooperation along with other subsidiary of STT Telemedia Group. While in the obligation to provide universal services, Indosat have a quite limited participation by providing telecommunication infrastructures in several Java regions and rely heavily on government initiative. Indosat also less satisfactory to community due to the case that it only heavily provide personal services through its wireless technology rather than providing services for community or group. The Indosat's wireless technology on communal based is not affordable because it's costly. Actually Indosat can and should participated more than what it has been done by developed a co-partnership with people to provide a win-win solution in expanding the universal service obligation and by built affordable services for community (communal based).A thorough and integrated understanding of telecommunication industry and services in Indonesia is very important due to benefit that society will gain from it. The telecommunication industry will open many new opportunities and create information society, which is a pra-requirement for advanced, and knowledge based society."

"banking liberalization process has begun since retification of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) Possibly access for foreign investor into Indonesia banking open through such ways as: establishing a new bank, purchasing of bank's share and erecting of bank's branch and representative. According to current regulation foreigners who want to open a new bank should not be in form of bank as formerly regulated, but it can be as individual and as foreign non-bank entity. No more restriction regarding foreign ownership of mayority bank's shareholder. Through Government Regulation No. 29 year of 1999 concerning of purchasing general bank's share and Bank of Indonesia regulation No.2/27/PBI/2000 regarding general bank have arranged that maximum foreign ownership over general bank is 99% of the capital paid by general bank. The foreign ownership of bank is not only open through stock market but also by direct purchasing of share. Foreign domination on national bank is now rampant through such ways as acquisition, merger and or consolidation. The question is what's the relevancy amongst banking consolidation policy, single presence policy and foreign domination on Indonesia national bank?"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas menganai Analisa Terhadap Jasa Audio Visual (Televisi)berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia dan Ketentuan GeneralAgreement on Trade in Services. Pada saat ini Indonesia belum memilikikomitmen dengan GATS dalam sektor audio visual (televisi), namun beberpainvestor asing telah berinvestasi di industri televisi nasional. Tesis inimenggunakan kajian hukum normatif dengan tipologi penelitian presktiptif. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan telah terjadi liberalisasi di industri audio visual(televisi) di Indonesia, namun investor asing di sektor audio visual (televisi) tidakmelanggar ketentuan yang terdapat di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun2002 Tetang Penyiaran. Saran untuk penelitian ini adalah apabila Indonesia akanberkomitmen dengan GATS dalam sektor audio visual sebaiknya belajar darinegara-negara yang telah berkomitmen dengan GATS dalam sektor jasa televisi.Pemerintah Indonesia dapat membuat pembatasan-pembatasan mengenaikepemilikan modal asing di dalam SoC yang diterdapat dalam ketentuan GATS

---

Abstract The Focus of this thesis is about Analysis of Audio Visual Services (Television)based on Indonesia Act and Provision of General Agreement on Trade inServices. At present Indonesia has not committed to the GATS in the audiovisualsector (television), but some foreign investors have invested in the nationaltelevision industry. This thesis uses a typology of normative legal analysisprescriptive research. These results indicate there has been a liberalization in theaudiovisual industry (television) in Indonesia, but foreign investors in the sectorsof audio-visual (television) does not violate the provisions contained on the ActNumber 32 Year 2002 about Broadcasting. Suggestions for this study is theGovernment of Indonesia should learn from countries that have been committedwith the GATS in the service sector television. Indonesian Government can makeborders for foreign investment on SoC in Provision of GATS"