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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Penyakit thalassemia tinggi prevalensinya di Indonesia. Modalitas MRI digunakan pasien transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) yang menjalani transfusi darah berkesinambungan untuk menilai tingkat zat besi di organ hati. Pemeriksan ini memerlukan biaya tinggi dan hanya tersedia di dua kota besar di Indonesia. Kandungan zat besi yang tinggi dalam waktu yang lama di hati dapat berakibat pada kerusakan hati. Modalitas yang lebih terjangkau dari segi lokasi dan biaya diperlukan dalam menilai tingkat zat besi di organ hati pada kelompok pasien ini. Tujuan : Mengetahui kekuatan korelasi antara nilai shear wave velocity (SWV) acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) dengan nilai T2* MRI dalam menilai zat besi organ hati. Metode : Data primer SWV ARFI dan nilai T2* MRI dari 29 pasien TDT dikumpulkan lalu dianalisis dengan SPSS untuk mengukur korelasi. Hasil : Penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan yang moderat antara nilai SWV ARFI dan nilai T2* MRI hati (R = -0,383) yang bermakna secara statistik (Spearman P = 0,040). Kesimpulan : ARFI merupakan pemeriksaan yang memiliki korelasi dengan pemeriksaan MRI dalam menilai kandungan zat besi organ hati pasien TDT. Namun demikian, penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat, dan oleh sebab itu mungkin dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut. ......Background : Thalassemia has a high prevalence in Indonesia. MRI modalities used by patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) who undergo continuous blood transfusions to assess iron levels in the liver. This examination require high cost and is only available in two major cities in Indonesia. High iron content over a long time in the liver can result in liver damage. More affordable modalities in terms of location and cost are needed to assess iron levels in the liver in this group of patients. Objective: Determine the correlation strength between acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) shear wave velocity and T2* MRI values in assessing liver iron. Methods: ARFI SWV primary data and T2* MRI values of 29 TDT patients were collected and then analyzed with SPSS to measure correlation. Results: This study showed negative correlation with moderate strength between ARFI SWV values and liver T2* MRI values (R = -0,383) which was statistically significant (Spearman P = 0.040). Conclusion: ARFI has a correlation with MRI examination in assessing the iron content of TDT patients liver organs. However, the correlation is not strong and further studies might be needed.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Atresia bilier merupakan penyebab paling umum fibrosis hati pada anak, dan menjadi indikasi terbanyak transplantasi hati. Fibrosis hati dapat dinilai dengan pemeriksaan histopatologis dan kuantifikasi skor Laennec. Pemeriksaan biomarker dari darah dan metode pencitraan radiologis merupakan upaya lain untuk menilai derajat fibrosis hati. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meneliti perbandingan biomarker penanda fibrosis transforming growth factor (TFG-β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, dan ultrasonografi (USG) Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) dengan derajat fibrosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian desain cross sectional pada pasien anak dengan kolestasis yang dicurigai akibat atresia bilier di ruang rawat anak RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data penelitian ini adalah data primer dari anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, serta data sekunder dari rekam medis untuk melihat riwayat penyakit pasien. Dilakukan pemeriksan serum biomarker TGF-β dan MMP-7, dan USG ARFI oleh operator yang telah ditentukan. Dibandingkan hasil pemeriksaan TGF-β, MMP-7, USG ARFI dengan hasil skoring fibrosis biopsi hati. Hasil penelitian: Dari total 15 pasien dengan AB, terdapat 6 pasien F2-F3, dan 9 pasien F4 berdasarkan derajat fibrosis biopsi hati. Terdapat peningkatan kadar TGF-β dengan adanya peningkatan derajat fibrosis biopsi hati, namun tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara derajat fibrosis hati dengan kadar TGF-β (uji Mann-Whitney, p=0.768). Pada penelitian ini, rerata kadar MMP-7 pada kelompok F2-3 dan F4 menunjukan peningkatan, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (Uji Mann-Whitney, p=0.409). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara derajat fibrosis hati F2-F3 dengan derajat F4 yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil USG ARFI dan hasil biopsi hati (p<0,01). Kesimpulan: TGF-β dan MMP-7 merupakan biomarker yang cukup efektif namun memiliki keterbatasan tidak spesifik untuk AB. USG ARFI merupakan pemeriksaan minimal invasive yang efektif untuk menentukan derajat fibrosis. ......Background: Biliary atresia is the most common cause of liver fibrosis and the highest indication for liver transplantation in pediatrics. Liver fibrosis is quantified through Laennec score based on histopathology of liver biopsy. Blood serum biomarkers and radiological examinations are alternative methods that could determine liver fibrosis. This study aimed to compare the significance of serum biomarkers transforming growth factor (TFG-β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasonography (USG) in determining the degree of liver fibrosis compared to histopathology score from liver biopsy. Method: This was a cross-sectional study, on patients in the pediatric ward at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, that were admitted with cholestasis with biliary atresia as the suspected etiology. Primary data was obtained through anamnesis, and physical examination, and secondary data was obtained through patients’ medical records. Serum biomarkers TGF-β and MMP-7, and USG ARFI were examined by related experts and results were obtained through medical records. Results of TGF-β, MMP-7, and USG ARFI were compared with fibrosis scores based on liver biopsy. Result: From a total of 15 patients with AB, there were 6 F2-F3 patients, and 9 F4 patients according to the biopsy results. TGF-β levels showed and increasing trend alongside increase in liver biopsy fibrosis score, however it was not statistically significant (Mann- Whitney test, p=0.768). In this study, there was an increase in MMP-7 levels in F2-3 group compared to f4 group, however there was no statically significant difference (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.409). The ARFI USG results showed significant difference between F2-F3 group and F4 group based on ARFI USG compared to liver biopsy (p<0.01). Conclusion: TGF-β and MMP-7 are effective serum biomarkers, however, lacked specificity to determine fibrosis levels in biliary atresia. A minimally invasive test that is effective in determining the degree of fibrosis can be done through ARFI USG.

Abstrak :
Background: acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is a new proposed noninvasive method for liver fibrosis staging. Integrated with B mode ultrasonography, ARFI can be used to assess liver tissue condition. However its diagnostic accuracy is still being continuously evaluated. Also, there is lack of data regarding the utilization of ARFI in our population. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ARFI as an alternative noninvasive modality for fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C patients in our population. Methods: we conducted cross sectional comparison of ARFI imaging and transient elastography on patients who underwent liver biopsy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Fibrosis staging using METAVIR scoring system presented as standard reference. A total of 43 patients underwent liver biopsy was evaluated by ARFI imaging and transient elastography. Cut off values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Results: both liver stiffness determined by ARFI and transient elastography (TE) were moderately correlated with METAVIR score with value of 0.581 and 0.613, respectively (both P<0.01). Diagnostic accuracy of ARFI predicted significant fibrosis (F>2) with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.773 (95% CI 0.616-0.930) and even better for cirrhosis (F4 fibrosis), expressed as AUROC of 0.856 (95% CI 0.736-0.975). Transient elastography was better for significant fibrosis with AUROC of 0.761 (95% CI 0.601-0.920) and was best for prediction of cirrhosis, expressed as AUROC of 0.845 (95% CI 0.722-0.968). Conclusion: ARFI is provided with more convenient evaluation of liver tissue condition, and its diagnostic accuracy is not significantly different from TE for staging liver fibrosis.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang dan tujuan: Penyakit hati kronik pada pasien pediatrik merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan pada populasi anak-anak dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Penilaian derajat fibrosis hati diperlukan untuk menentukan tatalaksana yang sesuai, menentukan prognosis, dan tindak lanjut pasca pengobatan. Pemeriksaan USG elastografi acoustic radiation force impulse ARFI merupakan metode penilaian derajat fibrosis hati yang bersifat tidak invasif, mudah dan cepat dikerjakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai titik potong derajat fibrosis USG elastografi ARFI pada pasien pediatrik dengan penyakit hati kronik. Metode: Pasien pediatrik dengan penyakit hati kronik menjalani pemeriksaan USG elastografi ARFI. Didapatkan nilai shear wave velocity SWV dari pemeriksaan ARFI yang menunjukkan elastisitas jaringan hati pada 18 subjek dan dihubungkan dengan hasil biopsi hati METAVIR . Kurva receiver-operating characteristic ROC dilakukan untuk menentukan titik potong derajat fibrosis hati. Hasil: Rerata nilai median ARFI pada pasien pediatrik dengan penyakit hati kronik tanpa fibrosis hati 1,21 m/s; fibrosis ringan F1 1,13 m/s; fibrosis signifikan F2 ; fibrosis berat F3 2,76 m/s; dan sirosis F4 3,84 m/s. Kurva ROC menunjukkan titik potong ARFI pada 1,98 m/s memiliki sensitivitas 100 untuk mendeteksi derajat fibrosis ge;F3. Kesimpulan: USG elastografi ARFI merupakan metode yang dapat diandalkan, cepat, dan non invasif untuk menentukan derajat fibrosis berat dan sirosis pada pasien pediatrik. Hasil pemeriksaan ARFI dapat membantu klinisi dalam tindak lanjut pengobatan dan alternatif biopsi hati pada kondisi tertentu. ......Background and objectives: Chronic liver disease in pediatric patients is one of the major health problems with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis is needed to determine appropriate management, determine prognosis, and post treatment follow up. Ultrasound acoustic radiation force impulse ARFI elastography examination is a non invasive, easily and rapidly performed liver fibrosis assessment method. The objective of this study was to obtain the cut off value of fibrosis degree with ARFI examination in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: Pediatric patients with chronic liver disease underwent ARFI ultrasound measurements. Shear wave velocity SWV value obtained from ARFI examination showing elasticity of liver tissue in 18 subjects and associated with liver biopsy results METAVIR . The receiver operating characteristic ROC curve is performed to determine cut off value of degree of liver fibrosis. Results Mean of SWV value in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease without liver fibrosis 1.21 m s mild fibrosis F1 1.13 m s significant fibrosis F2 severe fibrosis F3 2.76 m s and cirrhosis F4 3.84 m s. The ROC curve shows the cut off at 1.98 m s yielded a 100 sensitivity to detect the degree of fibrosis ge F3. Conclusions USG elastographic ARFI is a reliable, rapid, and non invasive method for determining the degree of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis in pediatric patients. The results of the ARFI examination may assist the clinician in the follow up of treatment and alternatives of liver biopsy in certain condition.