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Abstrak :

Tesis ini membahas mengenai pelaksanaan transaksi backdoor listing sebagai alternatif pencatatan di bursa tanpa melalui penawaran umum perdana. Dalam penulisan ini, backdoor listing yang dilakukan melalui akuisisi perusahaan terbuka dan penawaran umum terbatas merupakan alternatif yang tepat bagi perusahaan tertutup untuk mencatatkan perusahaannya di bursa. Penulisan ini juga melakukan peninjauan yuridis terhadap transaksi backdoor listing yang dilakukan melalui penawaran umum terbatas dengan HMETD, dimana perusahaan tertutup menjadi pembeli siaga terhadap saham yang ditawarkan oleh perusahaan terbuka. Hal demikian akan menyebabkan perusahaan tertutup bertindak sebagai pemegang saham pengendali pada perusahaan terbuka. Prosedur transaksi backdoor listing dalam penulisan ini telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, yaitu Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal, Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, serta Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 32/POJK/04/2015 tentang Penambahan Modal Perusahaan Terbuka dengan Memberikan Hak Memesan Efek Terlebih Dahulu dan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 8/POJK.04/2017 tentang Bentuk dan Isi Prospektus Ringkas Dalam Rangka Penawaran Umum Efek Bersifat Ekuitas. Meskipun pada backdoor listing yang dilakukan oleh Indo Air Asia terhadap RMPP Tbk telah berhasil menyebabkan tercatatnya Indo Air Asia di bursa, namun pencatatan tersebut belum memenuhi ketentuan pencatatan di bursa sebagaimana ditentukan berdasarkan Peraturan Bursa Efek Indonesia. Dalam penulisan ini juga dibahas mengenai peran dan tanggung jawab Notaris sebagai profesi penunjang pasar modal dalam pelaksanaan transaksi backdoor listing, yaitu dalam pembuatan akta perjanjian pembeli siaga dengan persyaratan, akta perjanjian pembeli siaga, dan pelaksanaan rapat umum pemegang saham sebelum dan setelah periode perdagangan HMETD, serta akibat hukum terhadap akta perjanjian pembeli siaga yang tidak memenuhi kondisi persyaratan dalam perjanjian pembeli siaga dengan persyaratan.

 

Kata kunci:

Penawaran umum terbatas, backdoor listing, pengambilalihan

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This thesis discusses the implementation of backdoor listing transaction as an alternative way for private company to be a listing company. In this thesis, such transaction is conducted through right issue, where private company become the stand by buyer for the shares offered by public company. Such transaction will cause the private company become the controlling shareholder of the public company. In this thesis, backdoor listing transaction had been performed in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, which are Indonesian Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1995 on Capital Market, Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability, and also Indonesia Financial Service Authority Regulation Number 32/POJK/04/2015 on Increasing Capital of Public Company by Right Issue and Indonesia Financial Service Authority Regulation Number 8/POJK.04/2017 on The Form and Contents of Prospectus In Regard To The Public Offering Implementation. Backdoor listing which performed by Indo Air Asia to RMPP Tbk has caused Indo Air Asia, a private company, become a listed public company. However, the listing of Indo Air Asia has still not met the requirements as a  listing company based on Indonesia Stock Exchange Regulation. Furthermore, this thesis also discusses the duty and responsibility of a Public Notary as one of Capital Market Supporting Professional in backdor listing transaction, which comprises of drafting the deed of stand by buyer agreement with conditions, deed of stand by buyer agreement and the general meeting of shareholders before and after the trading period of right issue.

 

Key word:

Right issue, backdoor listing, acquisition

Abstrak :
Penipuan adalah bentuk tindak kejahatan pasar modal yang sulit dalam pembuktian dan pertanggungjawaban hukumnya. Terlebih apabila faktor penyebabnya adalah praktik backdoor listing yang belum ada dasar hukumnya secara khusus di Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan pihak otoritas sebagian besar gagal dalam mengumpulkan bukti indikasi penipuan. Sehingga diperlukan mekanisme alternatif dalam pembuktian hukum tindak pidana penipuan di ranah pasar modal seperti whistleblowing system. Penelitian ini mencoba menjawab permasalahan bagaimana pengaturan hukum praktik backdoor listing di Indonesia, bagaimana bentuk pelanggaran hukum tindak pidana penipuan yang disebabkan oleh aksi backdoor listing, dan ketiga bagaimana penerapan mekanisme whistleblowing system sebagai alternatif pembuktian hukum tindak pidana penipuan dalam pasar modal. Penelitian ini merupakan bentuk penelitian hukum normatif menggunakan data sekunder yang dianalisis secara metode eksplanatori. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan dan perbandingan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah; pertama, belum adanya regulasi khusus terkait backdoor listing sebagai mekanisme alternatif untuk go public sehingga sangat rentan akan penyalahgunaan dan penipuan; kedua, bentuk pelanggaran hukum tindak pidana penipuan yang disebabkan oleh praktik backdoor listing adalah adanya indikasi fraudulent financial statements, misleading information hingga laporan keuangan ganda. Sehingga sebagian besar otoritas gagal dalam membuktikkan indikasi fraud membawa kerugian mengingat sifat kejahatannya yang tersembunyi dan sulit diketahui; ketiga, pembuktian hukum penipuan di ranah pasar modal dinilai efektif menggunakan mekanisme whistleblowing system mengingat sebagian besar bukti yang menunjukkan adanya indikasi penipuan berasal dari data internal perusahaan yang hanya bisa diakses oleh pihak internal perusahaan saja. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan terutama pihak otoritas pasar modal seperti Otoritas Jasa Keuangan maupun Bursa Efek Indonesia menciptakan kebijakan- kebijakan yang mutakhir, inovatif dan solutif serta diperlukan optimalisasi terkait public awareness terhadap tindak kejahatan fraud di ranah pasar modal. ......Fraud is a difficult to prove and legally punishable type of capital market crime. Especially when caused by the practice of backdoor listings, which has no legal basis in Indonesia. Authorities have failed to collect evidence showing fraud, according to several studies. As a result, an alternative mechanism, such as a whistleblowing system, is required for legal proof of fraud in the financial market. This research attempts to address the issues of how to regulate the legal practice of backdoor listings in Indonesia, what types of legal violations of criminal acts of fraud are caused by backdoor listings, and how to use the whistleblowing system as an alternative legal proof of fraud in the capital market. This study is a type of normative legal research in which secondary data is studied using an explanatory method. This research takes a conceptual, legislative, and comparative approach. The findings of this study show that: first, there is no special regulation related to backdoor listing as an alternative mechanism for going public, making it extremely vulnerable to abuse and fraud; second, the violation of the law on fraudulent acts caused by the practice of backdoor listings indicates fraudulent financial statements, misleading information, and double financial statements. Because of the nature of the crime, which is hidden and difficult to detect, the majority of authorities fail to provide signs of fraud causing losses; third, the legal proof of fraud in the capital market is considered effective using the whistleblowing system mechanism considering that most of the evidence that indicates an indication of fraud comes from the company's internal data which can only be accessed by the company's internal parties.This study recommends especially the capital market authorities such as the Financial Services Authority and the Indonesia Stock Exchange to create up-to-date, innovative, and solution-based policies and optimize public awareness of fraud in the capital market.

Abstrak :
[Pendanaan perusahaan merupakan hal yang esensial dan krusial dari berjalannya suatu kegiatan perusahaan, baik sebagai bentuk dari upaya perusahaan untuk menjalankan atau bahkan memperluas kegiatan usahanya. Selain melalui pinjaman, perusahaan dapat mewujudkan usahanya untuk menghimpun modal melalui Pasar Modal. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan penjualan kepemilikan atas perusahaan berupa saham yang dikeluarkan perusahaan dalam bentuk efek kepada masyarakat yang selanjutnya akan bertindak sebagai pemodal/investor melalui Penawaran Umum yang didahului dengan penjualan saham yang dilakukan pertama kali, disebut sebagai Penawaran Umum Perdana atau Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) dan berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 8 tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal, perusahaan yang melakukan Penawaran itu disebut dengan Emiten. Dengan statusnya yang terdaftar sebagai Perusahaan Terbuka, perusahaan tersebut mendapatkan keuntungan-keuntungan yang hanya dapat didapat oleh Perusahaan Terbuka, salah satunya adalah kesempatan untuk menghimpun dana dari masyarakat melalui penjualan Efek lewat Pasar Modal. Namun selain keuntungan, terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu dijadikan pertimbangan antara lain proses yang cukup kompleks, biaya yang besar, dan keterbukaan informasi mengenai perusahaan yang harus dipenuhi oleh Emiten baik sebelum maupun sesudah dilakukannya IPO. Dalam menyiasati hal tersebut, para pelaku usaha berusaha agar Perusahaan Tertutup dapat menikmati keadaaan selayaknya Perusahaan Terbuka tanpa melakukan IPO dimana hal tersebut dikenal dengan istilah backdoor listing. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai terjadinya transaksi backdoor listing di Pasar Modal Indonesia, dimana hingga saat ini belum ada definisi, pengaturan, maupun penegakan hukum secara spesifik ditujukan terhadap backdoor listing. Selanjutnya guna menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode pedekatan hukum normatif yang dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada data-data sekunder.Berdasarkan pemaparan dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan melalui contoh kasus PT BW Plantation Tbk. bahwa suatu backdoor listing dapat dilakukan salah satunya melalui cararights issue yang dilanjutkan dengan proses akuisisi dari Perusahaan Terbuka. Hal ini dapat berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, mengingat tidak ada kewajiban-kewajiban tertentu dari calon Emiten yang terlibat dalam suatu backdoor listing, mengingat hingga saat ini belum terdapat peraturan tersendiri yang mengatur tentang itu dan hingga saat ini, pelaksanaan backdoor listing dijalankan berdasarkan pengambilalihan dalam Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal serta Peraturan Bapepam-LK (OJK) sebagai peraturan pelaksanaannya. ......Company’s financing is essential and crucial from the passage of a company's activities, both as a form of the company's efforts to run or even expand their business activities. Other than through loans, the company can realize its efforts to raise capital through the capital market. This can be done by selling the ownership of the company in the form of shares issued by the company in the form of securities to the public who will then act as financiers / investors through a Public Offering which was preceded by the sale of shares is done first, referred to as IPO or Initial Public Offering ("IPO") and based on Law No. 8 of 1995 on the Capital Market, companies that do offer it is called by the Issuer. With its status as a listed public company, the company is getting the benefits that can only be obtained by a public company, one of which is the opportunity to raise funds from the public through the sale of securities through the capital market. However, there are benefits, there are some things that need to be taken into consideration, among others, the process is quite complex, huge costs, and disclosure of information about the company that must be fulfilled by the Issuer either before or after doing an IPO. In around this, entrepreneurs trying to make the Company closed the circumstances should be able to enjoy public company without doing an IPO where it is known as a backdoor listing. This study discusses about the backdoor listing transaction in Indonesian Capital Market, where until now there is no definition, regulation, and law enforcement is specifically directed against the backdoor listing. Furthermore, in order to address these problems, the authors use the method of normative approach which can be interpreted as a legal research literature conducted based on secondary data. Based on the presentation of this study, it can be concluded that based on case study PT BW Plantation Tbk, a backdoor listings can be done through a rights issue, followed by the acquisition of a public company. This could potentially lead to legal uncertainty, since there is no certain obligations of the Issuer candidate signaled in a separate regulation and to date, the implementation of backdoor listing is run by the takeover of the Act No. 40 Year 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and Bapepam-LK (now known as Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as its implementing regulations., Company’s financing is essential and crucial from the passage of a company's activities, both as a form of the company's efforts to run or even expand their business activities. Other than through loans, the company can realize its efforts to raise capital through the capital market. This can be done by selling the ownership of the company in the form of shares issued by the company in the form of securities to the public who will then act as financiers / investors through a Public Offering which was preceded by the sale of shares is done first, referred to as IPO or Initial Public Offering ("IPO") and based on Law No. 8 of 1995 on the Capital Market, companies that do offer it is called by the Issuer. With its status as a listed public company, the company is getting the benefits that can only be obtained by a public company, one of which is the opportunity to raise funds from the public through the sale of securities through the capital market. However, there are benefits, there are some things that need to be taken into consideration, among others, the process is quite complex, huge costs, and disclosure of information about the company that must be fulfilled by the Issuer either before or after doing an IPO. In around this, entrepreneurs trying to make the Company closed the circumstances should be able to enjoy public company without doing an IPO where it is known as a backdoor listing. This study discusses about the backdoor listing transaction in Indonesian Capital Market, where until now there is no definition, regulation, and law enforcement is specifically directed against the backdoor listing. Furthermore, in order to address these problems, the authors use the method of normative approach which can be interpreted as a legal research literature conducted based on secondary data. Based on the presentation of this study, it can be concluded that based on case study PT BW Plantation Tbk, a backdoor listings can be done through a rights issue, followed by the acquisition of a public company. This could potentially lead to legal uncertainty, since there is no certain obligations of the Issuer candidate signaled in a separate regulation and to date, the implementation of backdoor listing is run by the takeover of the Act No. 40 Year 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and Bapepam-LK (now known as Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as its implementing regulations.]

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai aksi backdoor listing untuk mendapatkan akses menuju pasar modal di Indonesia. Dari sekian banyak pilihan pendanaan yang ada, salah satu yang paling efektif adalah dengan melakukan initial public offering (IPO) atau Penawaran Umum Perdana. Dengan melakukan Penawaran Umum emiten akan mendapatkan kemudahan dalam bidang pendanaan dan publikasi. Di sisi lain, proses IPO juga memiliki kekurangan, seperti berkurangnya porsi kepemilikan saham dan kewajiban memenuhi dokumen keterbukaan sebagai konsekuensi sebagai perusahaan terbuka. Cara lain untuk masuk ke pasarmodal selain IPO, yaitu dengan mengakuisisi perusahaan terbuka dan selanjutnya melakukan restrukturisasi perusahaan, tindakan ini diistilahkan sebagai backdoor listing. ......This thesis concerning in backdoor listing action to obtain access into capital market in Indonesia. From many option to finance a business, issuing company shares to public could be effective way in an Initial Public Offering (IPO). With IPO, company will obtain advantages in capital raise and publication. On the other hand, an IPO process has risk, such as reduction of company ownership and full disclosure as the consequences of becoming public company. Another way to obtain access to capital market beside of an IPO, that is to acquire a listed company and restructure the company named backdoor listing.

Abstrak :
This paper discusses about the backdoor listing as an attempt of a PT in order to be listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) without going through the process of an initial public offering in the Indonesian capital market regulations and how it impacts the ratification of the Indonesia Stock Exchange Regulation No. I-A.1. on Registration of Shares and Equity In addition Shares Issued by the Company in the Field of Mineral and Coal Mining, which is intended to facilitate the endorsement of mining companies to be listed on the Stock Exchange. By using normative juridical research method, this study shows that implementation of backdoor listing rules associated with the passing of the BEI No. I-A.1 regulation by mining companies is still regarded as a compelling alternative to be listed because backdoor listing has certain advantages compared to the initial public offering (IPO). Besides superior in terms of cost, time, as well as no dependency on market conditions, also because there has been no special regulations associated with backdoor listing in Indonesia that lead to the absence of apparent restrictions and sanctions that can be applied when there are irregularities in connection with doing backdoor listing. It can then be considered as a loophole for mining companies to be listed on the stock exchange without having to pass through the same level of scrutiny like doing an IPO. Consequently, there is urgency for Indonesian capital market regulators to pass specific rules or regulations or guidelines that specifically apply to backdoor listing in order to enhance legal certainty surrounding the implementation of backdoor listing in Indonesia’s capital market.

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Skripsi ini membahas mengenai backdoor listing sebagai upaya suatu PT agar menjadi tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tanpa melalui proses penawaran umum perdana dalam ketentuan pasar modal Indonesia dan bagaimana dampaknya terhadap pengesahan Peraturan Bursa Efek Indonesia Nomor I-A.1. tentang Pencatatan Saham dan Efek Bersifat Ekuitas Selain Saham yang Diterbitkan oleh Perusahaan di Bidang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, yang mana pengesahannya tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah perusahaan pertambangan agar dapat tercatat di bursa. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan backdoor listing terkait dengan disahkannya peraturan BEI Nomor I-A.1. tersebut oleh perusahaan pertambangan tetap dianggap sebagai alternatif listing yang memikat dikarenakan backdoor listing mempunyai keunggulan-keunggulan tertentu apabila dibandingkan dengan penawaran umum perdana (IPO). Selain unggul dalam hal biaya, waktu, serta tidak ada ketergantungan terhadap kondisi pasar, juga dikarenakan belum terdapat pengaturan khusus terkait backdoor listing di Indonesia yang mengakibatkan tidak adanya pembatasan yang jelas maupun sanksi yang dapat diterapkan ketika terjadinya penyimpangan sehubungan dengan dilakukannya backdoor listing. Hal ini kemudian dapat dianggap sebagai celah bagi perusahaan pertambangan untuk dapat tercatat di bursa tanpa harus melewati tingkat pengawasan yang sama ketatnya layaknya hendak melakukan IPO. Konsekuensinya, terdapat urgensi bagi regulator pasar modal Indonesia untuk mengesahkan suatu peraturan yang secara khusus ataupun pedoman yang mengatur mengenai backdoor listing agar terciptanya suatu kepastian hukum dalam pelaksanaannya di pasar modal Indonesia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas masalah aksi go public melalui backdoor listing. Go Public merupakan keinginan hampir seluruh perusahaan privat karena perusahaan membutuhkan modal untuk memperluas usahanya dengan tujuan meningkatkan keuntungan. Opsi pendanaan perusahaan, salah satunya adalah melalui listing di Pasar Modal karena jauh lebih menguntungkan dari pada mengajukan kredit perbankan atau alternatif pembaiayaan lain. Status listed di bursa memberikan banyak kelebihan, diantaranya (1) akses ke pasar modal dan biaya yang lebih sedkiti; (2) meningkatkan reputasi dan profil perusahaan; (3) likuiditas perusahaan terjamin; dan (4) penggunaan saham untuk membayar akuisisi dan ativitasaktivitas lain. Akan tetapi Initial Public Offering (IPO) sebagai syarat menjadi perusahaan public merupakan proses yang membutuhkan banyak biaya. Ternyata terdapat alternatif cara menjadi perusahaan terbuka tanpa melalui IPO, yaitu perusahaan yang sudah listed diakuisisi oleh perusahaan privat. Setelah akuisisi, perusahana privat akan menjadi pengendali perusahaan publik dan secara tidak langsung menjadi perusahaan publik. Go public dengan cara ini dikenal dengan istilah backdoor listing. Di dalam Pasar Modal Indonesia, belum ada pengaturan yang spesifik mengatur backdoor listing sekalipun praktek ini sudah sering dilakukan melalui akuisi dan tunduk pada ketentuan akuisisi perusahaan. Namun, pemotongan prosedur IPO tetap membutuhkan pengaturan lebih lanjut lagi terutama pengaturan yang mengatur keterbukaan informasi untuk melindungi investor.

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Abstract
This thesis concerning on going public by backdoor listing. Going Public is the dream of many private companies because they need to raise capital to expand their business for raising much profit. Fundind options to company for raising capitals, one of many options is by listed in capital market because it is more profitable for gaining investors than propose credit to the bank for financing, or others alternative funding. The listing status brings a lot of advantages to the company. Some of the advanteges include (1) access to capital markets and lower cost of capital; (2) enhanced company reputation and profile; (3) providing liquidity for owners to cash out; and (4) use of stock to pay for acquisitions, and etc. However going public by Initial Public Offering (IPO) is also costly process and alternative routes for going public are also available. It is called backdoor listing. Backdoor listing is a technique in which public company is acquired by privat company as the public company is the shell or defunct company. As a result, the private company becomes public by obtaining control of the public company. In Indonesian capital market, there are no specific regulation concerning on backdoor listing activity even though this practice is often done through the acquisition and subject to the provisions of company acquisition. However, it cuts IPO procedures and still requires further regulation, especially regulation concerning on disclosure information to protect investors.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat signifikansi dampak backdoor listing terhadap kondisi keuangan perusahaan setelah aksi korporasi tersebut dijalankan. Kondisi keuangan diukur dengan analisis rasio diantaranya rasio likuiditas (current ratio), leverage (debt to equity ratio), profitabilitas (profit margin, return on asset, dan return on equity), dan nilai pasar (price to earning ratio dan price to book value ratio) serta dengan perhitungan economic value added (EVA). Masing-masing rasio dan perhitungan EVA dibandingkan apakah ada perbedaan signifikan antara setahun sebelum backdoor listing dengan setahun hingga lima tahun sesudah backdoor listing. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan metode perbandingan statistik non-parametrik Wilcoxon signed rank test dengan sampel 15 observasi dari perusahaan di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang terlibat backdoor listing pada periode 2004-2009. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bukti empiris bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kondisi keuangan 1 tahun sebelum backdoor listing dengan 1 tahun hingga 5 tahun sesudah backdoor listing. Hal ini membuktikan secara statistik backdoor listing tidak berdampak terhadap kondisi keuangan perusahaan. ......The objective of this research is to analyze impact of backdoor listing action on company financial condition after backdoor listing process. Company financial condition is measured for its liquidity (current ratio), leverage (debt to equity ratio), profitability (profit margin, return on asset, and return on equity), its market value (price to earning ratio and price to book value ratio) and its economic value added (EVA). Each measurement then compared whether it?s significantly different between one year pre-backdoor listing with one year until five year post-backdoor listing. Testing hypotheses are conducted using comparative statistic non-parameteric Wilcoxon signed rank test from 15 samples of listed companies in Bursa Efek Indonesia that did backdoor listing action during the year 2004-2009. The result provide empirical evidence that there?s no significant change between pre and post backdoor listing until fifth year for all measurement, meaning that backdoor listing statistically didn?t impact on company?s financial condition.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas mengenai salah satu modus operandi kecurangan dalam pasar modal yang dilakukan pemegang saham pengendali suatu perusahaan terbuka, yakni modus operandi pengeluaran kas fiktif atas dana hasil penerbitan saham baru right issue kepada kontraktor-kontraktor fiktif fraudulent disbursement yang kemudian dialirkan kepada pemegang saham pengendali untuk mendanai pembelian saham perusahaan terbuka yang sebelumnya telah dibeli oleh penjamin emisi underwriter pada penerbitan saham baru. Sehingga dengan demikian pemegang saham pengendali dapat memperoleh saham perusahaan terbuka dengan tanpa melakukan kontribusi modal dalam bentuk apapun. Berdasarkan analisis manajemen risiko dan analisis yuridis normatif penyebab utama kecurangan yang dialami perusahaan faktor kesempatan karena terbatasnya jurisdiksi hukum negara Republik Indonesia, longgarnya ketentuan serta pelaksanaan hukum dan peraturan pasar modal negara Republik Indonesia; serta faktor niat, faktor keserakahan, faktor pengungkapan, faktor kebutuhan, faktor tekanan. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif yang dijabarkan secara deskriptif, dengan menggunakan data-data primer yang diperoleh dari perusahaanterkait dalam rentang waktu tahun 2007 - 2009.

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This thesis discusses a form of modus operandi of capital market fraud conducted by a controlling shareholder of a listed company, i.e., the modus operandi of fraudulent cash disbursement of right issue proceeds to fictious contractors which then distributed to the controlling shareholder to fund the purchase the listed company rsquo s shares that were previously purchased by an underwriter upon the right issue. As a result the controlling shareholder were able to acquire the listed company rsquo s shares without making any kind of capital contribution. Based on risk management analysis and normative legal analysis the fraud suffered by the company was mainly caused by the opportunity factor due to the limited jurisdiction of the Republic of Indonesia, relaxed provisions and implementation of capital market laws and regulations in Indonesia, as well as intention factor, greed factor, disclosure factor, need factor, pressure factor. This is a qualitative descriptive research, based on primary data obtained from the relevant company within the timeframe of 2007 - 2009.

Abstrak :
[Skripsi ini membahas mengenai ketentuan pelaksanaan backdoor listing sebagai upaya suatu PT untuk menjadi tercatat di bursa tanpa melakukan penawaran umum perdana melainkan melalui tindakan hukum penawaran umum terbatas oleh PT yang telah tercatat Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun saat ini tidak terdapat peraturan mengenai backdoor listing di Indonesia backdoor listing melalui penawaran umum terbatas terkadang dilakukan dan tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan pasar modal Indonesia Pada prinsipnya backdoor listing melalui penawaran umum terbatas merupakan bentuk perjanjian pembelian saham sehingga dengan mengacu pada Undang Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal dan prinsip prinsip hukum perjanjian backdoor listing melalui penawaran umum terbatas adalah sah dan dapat dilakukan di Indonesia Adapun pelaksanaan backdoor listing PT Permata Prima Energi melalui PUT I PT Toko Gunung Agung Tbk telah sesuai dengan peraturan pasar modal yang berlaku di Indonesia karena telah memenuhi antara lain Undang Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal dan Peraturan BAPEPAM Nomor IX D 1 tentang HMETD. ......This study discussed on the regulation of backdoor listing as a way to become a listed company without going through initial public offering but through a right issue action by another listed company By using legal normative method this study concluded even though there is no specific regulation on backdoor listing in Indonesia the backdoor listing through right issue action is not illegal. Principally backdoor listing through right issue action is a form of shares purchase agreement thus by referring to Law No 40 of 2007 on Company Law No 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and principles of contract law backdoor listing through right issue action is legal in Indonesia In this case the backdoor listing transaction of PT Permata Prima Sakti through Right Issue I of PT Toko Gunung Agung Tbk is accordant with the law and regulation in Indonesia because it has complied Law No 40 of 2007 on Company Law No 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and BAPEPAM Regulation No IX D 1 on Right Issue., This study discussed on the regulation of backdoor listing as a way to become a listed company without going through initial public offering but through a right issue action by another listed company By using legal normative method this study concluded even though there is no specific regulation on backdoor listing in Indonesia the backdoor listing through right issue action is not illegal Principally backdoor listing through right issue action is a form of shares purchase agreement thus by referring to Law No 40 of 2007 on Company Law No 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and principles of contract law backdoor listing through right issue action is legal in Indonesia In this case the backdoor listing transaction of PT Permata Prima Sakti through Right Issue I of PT Toko Gunung Agung Tbk is accordant with the law and regulation in Indonesia because it has complied Law No 40 of 2007 on Company Law No 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets and BAPEPAM Regulation No IX D 1 on Right Issue ]

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai backdoor listing di mata hukum Indonesia, dan bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pemegang saham minoritas di pasar modal dalam hal dilakukannya backdoor listing terhadap emiten dan juga mengkaji lebih mendalam terkait aksi korporasi yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindakan backdoor listing, menganalisis terkait kemungkinan pelanggaran prinsip good corporate governance atas proses backdoor listing suatu perusahaan. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang saham minoritas dalam praktik backdoor listing di Indonesia dapat terlihat dalam beberapa bentuk, seperti Penerapan Prinsip Keterbukaan oleh Perusahaan Terbuka, penerapan pre-emptive right, dilarangnya benturan kepentingan pada pemegang saham mayoritas, penerapan prinsip Good Corporate Governance oleh perusahaan jika hendak melakukan praktik backdoor listing. Akan tetapi, di Indonesia secara regulasi jelas memberi ruang untuk tidak memenuhi penarapan prinsip- prinsip tersebut, terutama penarapan prinsip Good Corporate Governance. Hal ini dikarenakan berdasarkan regulasi yang ada tidak terdapat sanksi tegas apabila prinsip- prinsip tersebut tidak diterapkan. Situasi ini juga akan berdampak pada pemenuhan perlindungan hukum kepada investor khususnya pemegang saham minoritas. Dengan demikian, dalam pelaksanaan praktik backdoor listing di Indonesia menimbulkan tidak adanya kepastian hukum bagi perlindungan hak- hak pemegang saham minoritas. ......This thesis discusses about backdoor listing in Indonesian Law, and its law protection to minority shareholders on capital market if there’s a backdoor listing towards issuer, and also examines more deeply related corporate actions that can be categorized as backdoor listing actions, analyzing the possibility of violations of the principle of good corporate governance in the process of backdoor listings. Law protection for minority shareholders in backdoor listing practices in Indonesia can be seen in several forms, such as the application of the principle of transparancy by a public company, the application of pre-emptive rights, the prohibition of conflicts of interest in the majority shareholder, the application of the principles of Good Corporate Governance by the company if it wants to do backdoor listing practices. However, in Indonesia, regulations clearly provide room for not complying with the application of these principles, especially the application of the principles of Good Corporate Governance. This is because based on existing regulations there are no strict sanctions if these principles are not applied. This situation will also have an impact on the fulfillment of law protection for investors, especially minority shareholders. Thus, in the implementation of backdoor listing practices in Indonesia, there is no legal certainty for the protection of the rights of minority shareholders.