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"Latar Belakang: Jumlah kasus HIV yang dilaporkan hingga Juni 2019 terdapat 349.882 kasus, sedangkan untuk laporan kasus AIDS sebesar 116.977 kasus. Stigma dan diskriminasi menjadi penghambat ODHA dalam mencari pengobatan khususnya di kalangan dokter gigi. Dengan demikian, peneliti ingin mengetahui berbagai hambatan yang dialami Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) untuk mendapatkan perawatan gigi dan mulut.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hambatan yang dialami Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) untuk mendapatkan perawatan gigi dan mulut.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang pada 106 ODHA di sekitar Depok yang menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah diadaptasi lintas budaya dan diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnyaHasil Penelitian: Didapatkan jumlah responden laki-laki sebesar 61% dengan kelompok usia dewasa awal (26-35 tahun) sebesar 40%. Hambatan internal ODHA mendapatkan perawatan gigi dan mulut ialah ketakutan yang dipikirkan oleh dokter gigi tentang status HIV mereka sebesar 80,7% dan hambatan eksternal ODHA yang belum ataupun sudah terdiagnosis HIV yaitu, hambatan biaya sebesar 44,9% dan 40,8%.Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini kelompok usia didominasi dewasa awal (25-36 tahun), tingkat pendidikan SMA, pendapatan kurang Rp3.800.000,00, faktor penularan HIV melalui hubungan seks bebas. Hambatan internal ODHA dalam mendapatkan perawatan gigi dan mulut ialah ketakutan yang dipikirkan oleh dokter gigi tentang status HIV mereka dan hambatan eksternalnya yaitu, hambatan biaya.

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Background: The number of HIV cases reported up to June 2019 there were 349,882 cases, while for AIDS case reports were 116,977 cases. Stigma and discrimination become obstacles to PLWHA in seeking treatment, especially among dentists. Thus, researchers want to know the various obstacles experienced by people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to get dental and oral care.Objective: To determine the barriers experienced PLWHA to get dental care.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 106 PLWHA around Depok using a questionnaire that was adapted across cultures and tested for validity and reliability.Results: The number of male respondents was 61% with an early adult age group (26-35 years) of 40%. Internal barriers to PLWHA getting dental and oral care are the fear that dentists think about their HIV status by 80.7% and external barriers to PLWHA who have not yet been diagnosed with HIV, namely, cost constraints of 44.9% and 40.8%.Coclusion: In this study the age group is dominated by early adulthood (25-36 years), high school education level, income less than IDR 3,800,000.00, HIV transmission factors through free sex. Internal barriers to PLWHA in obtaining dental and oral care are the fears that dentists think about their HIV status and their external barriers namely cost constraints."

"Kepatuhan pasien Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES) berperan penting dalam mencapai aktivitas penyakit yang terkontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi ketidakpatuhan, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketidakpatuhan, dan hambatan minum obat pada pasien LES. Data potong lintang diperoleh dari pasien Poliklinik Alergi-Imunologi RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo secara konsekutif pada Juli–Agustus 2023. Dilakukan evaluasi terhadap ketidakpatuhan pengobatan (self-report medication-taking behaviour measure for thai patients scale; MTB-Thai), komorbiditas, jumlah obat, aktivitas penyakit (skor MEX-SLEDAI), depresi (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), dan hambatan lain dalam pengobatan (Identification of Medication Adherence Barriers Questionnaire; IMAB-Q 30). Data kategorik dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square atau Fisher, sedangkan data numerik dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Dari 100 pasien LES dewasa, mayoritas merupakan perempuan (97%), dewasa muda (61%), menamatkan pendidikan tinggi (48%), dan memiliki aktivitas penyakit remisi˗ringan (90%). Median (IQR) jumlah obat yang dikonsumsi 6 (5–8). Prevalensi ketidakpatuhan minum obat mencapai 27%. Tingkat pendidikan pasien ditemukan berhubungan dengan ketidakpatuhan (pendidikan menengah vs. pendidikan tinggi, 59,3% vs. 40,7%; p=0,035). Pasien yang tidak patuh memiliki skor hambatan minum obat yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0,001). Hambatan yang paling banyak dialami pasien yang tidak patuh adalah kekhawatiran terhadap efek samping dan mudah terdistraksi dari mengonsumsi obat-obatan.

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Medication adherence among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is essential to achieve controlled disease activity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of non-adherence, associated factors, and medication adherence barriers among patients with SLE. Cross-sectional data were obtained from consecutive patients at Allergy-Immunology Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between July–August 2023. Evaluation was conducted on medication non-adherence (self-report medication-taking behavior measure for thai patients scale), comorbidities, number of medications, disease activity (MEX-SLEDAI score), depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and other adherence barriers (Identification of Medication Adherence Barriers Questionnaire-30). Categorical data were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher test, while numerical data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test. Of 100 adult SLE patients, most were female (97%), young adult (61%), completed higher education (48%), and had remission˗mild disease activity (90%). The median (IQR) number of medications consumed was 6 (5–8). The prevalence of medication non-adherence was 27%. Patient's educational level was found to be associated with non-adherence (secondary education vs. higher education, 59.3% vs. 40.7%; p=0.035). Non-adherent patients had significantly higher medication adherence barrier scores (p<0.001). The most common barriers experienced by non-adherent patients were concerns about harmful side effects and easily distracted from taking medications."

"Saat ini rumitnya prosedur kepabeanan menjadi topik pembicaraan pada perundingan-perundingan intenasional. Hal jni dikarenakan prosedur kepabeanan yang rurnit dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor pengharnbat perdagangan intemasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pcngaruh dari prosedur kepabeanan dengan pendekatan tiga indikator prosedur kepabeanan yaitu waktu, biaya proses dan jumlah dokumen terhadap penawaran ekspor dan pennintaan impor. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi berganda dengan data cross section untuk 103 negara observasi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2006. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Ordinary Leas/ Square (OLS). Berdasarkan hasil estimasi diketahui bahwa pada tahun 2006, waktu yang diperlukan baik untuk proses ekspor maupun proses impor masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan negative terhadap penawaran ekspor dan permintaan impor suatu negara. Namun untuk variabel biaya tidak berpengaruh signifikan baik terhadap penawaran ekspor maupun permintaan impor sementara jwnlah dokumen., berpengaruh signifikan negatif hanya terhadap penawaran ekspor sedangkan jumlah dokumen tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada pemintaan impor.

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Currently, the complexity of the customs procedures become a topic for discussion at the international negotiations. This is because the complexity of the customs procedures are considered as one of the factors barrier in international trade. This study aimed to learn of effoct from the customs procedures with three indicators approach, namely: the time required in process export and import, the cost of the process and the number of documents to export supply and import demand. This study uses regression model with cross section data for 103 countries observations in 2006.

Analysis method used was Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Based on the estimates in mind that in the year 2006, the time needed for both the export and import processes each significant negative effect on the export supply and the import demand of a country. However, the v_ariable cost is not good to have a significant effect on the export supply and the import demand. The number of documents have a significant negative effect only for export, while the number of documents is not a significant effect on import demand."

"Most studies on HIV/AIDS revealed that young peopleare highly at risk to that epidemic mainly because of their physical,psychological, social, and economical attributes. AIDS is incurablebut preventable disease. HIV, the virus causes ofAlD.S1 spreadsthrough unique means and preventable. A significant effort onpreventing HIV/AIDS among young people may come from thefamily who generally has big influences over them- and thatinfluence can last a lifetime. In other words, working with familiesas early as possible in young people is lives could help solidify theirhealthy behaviors on HIV/AIDS and prevent the risk before ithappens. Yet, studies _found that families in Indonesia have uniquebarriers in preventing their teens to escape from the HIV/AIDSepidemic. This paper aims to explore family barriers in preventingHIV/AIDS in the context of Indonesia. Qualitative method with in-depth interview and focus group discussion was employed Theresults of the study found at least five cultural barriers faced byfamily, (1) cultural constraints, (2) lack of understanding about theextend of H1 V/A IDS problem; its causes and its solution, (3) lack ofunderstanding about how to resolve the Hi' V/A IDS problem, (4) lackof awareness of the HIV/AIDS problem, and (5) lack of support andencouragement."

"AbstrakIndonesian womens leadership in the public domain is not well promoted and sustained.This research examined womens perspectives on female leaderships in Indonesia, barriers towomens leadership and qualities of an ideal female leader. Qualitative interviews, focus groupdiscussions and informal dialogues were conducted with 30 female community members, university students, lecturers, professionals, and womens activists. Respondents were between19 and 60 years of age, literate, and were working or living in Jabodetabek Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi areas. Findings from this study suggest a narrow symbolic idealization of a heroic woman leader. Womens perspectives and inspiration were also explained by an embodiment of female gendered qualities of being patience, sincere, being approachable and having a strong interest women focused issues. In turn, this conceptualization may also poses barriers to a large scale of creative social change process in womens empowerment in public leadership. This research offers in depth understanding of the complexity of current barriers to and consistent stigmatization against womens leaders in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Sejak adanya program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), persaingan bisnis di industri kesehatan semakin ketat akibat bertambahnya jumlah rumah sakit. Persentase angka kunjungan pasien eksekutif rawat jalan RS Hermina Bekasi yang stagnan dalam tiga tahun terakhir juga membuat manajemen harus mencari cara untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas. Mempertahankan pasien lama agar tetap loyal akan jauh lebih mudah dan murah untuk menghasilkan pemasukan bagi rumah sakit. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran loyalitas pasien eksekutif di instalasi rawat jalan RS Hermina Bekasi terhadap persepsi pasien tentang switching barriers ke rumah sakit pesaing dan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi sebagai dasar pembuatan strategi bisnis. Subyek dan metode: Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 150 pasien eksekutif rawat jalan RS Hermina Bekasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua variabel yang bernilai signifikan, yaitu switching barriers baru (p value = 0.14; Exp. (B) = 14.778) dan responsiveness (p value = 0.37; Exp. (B) = 11.083). Kesimpulan: Switching barriers menjadi variabel paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku loyal di instalasi rawat jalan RS Hermina Bekasi sehingga strategi bisnis yang mempengaruhi switching barriers dapat diterapkan di rumah sakit.

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Background: Since the National Health Insurance (JKN) implemented, business competition in the health industry has increased due to the increasing number of hospitals. The percentage of outpatient executive visit numbers of Hermina Bekasi Hospital has been stagnant in the last three years also makes management have to find ways to increase profitability. Maintaining old patients to remain loyal has been easier and cheaper to generate revenue for the hospital. This study aims to analyze the patients perspective on the effect of switching barriers and other influencing factors towards loyalty among executive patients in the outpatient clinics of Hermina Bekasi Hospital in 2019 as the basis for creating business strategies.

Subjects and Methods: This research is a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach to 150 outpatient executive clinics at Hermina Bekasi Hospital. Analyzes performed with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests.

Result: Multivariate test showed that there were two significant variables, namely new switching barriers (p value = 0.14; Exp. (B) = 14.778) and responsiveness (p value = 0.37; Exp. (B) = 11.083).

Conclusion: Switching barriers is the most influential variable on loyal behavior in the outpatient clinics of Hermina Bekasi Hospital. The switching barriers strategies have to implemented to achieve the hospital goals."

"Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pola asuh anak penyandang disabilitas di Yayasan Sayap Ibu (YSI) Jakarta, yang dibahas dari disiplin ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Urgensi dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan bentuk-bentuk pola asuh bagi anak disabilitas yang juga memperhatikan tahap perkembangan dan kebutuhan anak sesuai dengan usianya dengan berbagai jenis disabilitas, yang dilakukan oleh YSI Jakarta sejak tahun 1955 sampai saat penelitian ini dilakukan pada Agustus hingga November 2022. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam secara daring dan luring dengan 4 orang informan yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sebagai triangulasi data demi meningkatkan kualitas penelitian dilakukan pula observasi langsung terhadap anak penyandang disabilitas yang berada diasuh di YSI Jakarta. Namun ada keterbatasan penelitian ini yaitu hanya dapat melakukan observasi melalui kegiatan PAUD YSI Jakarta dikarenakan adanya peraturan selama masa pandemi COVID-19 yang membatasi pertemuan dan interaksi langsung dengan anak penyandang disabilitas didalam panti YSI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pola asuh bagi anak penyandang disabilitas yang dilakukan YSI Jakarta mengaplikasikan metode pola asuh otoritarian (demokratis) yang berfokus akan adanya peran pengasuh untuk memberikan tuntutan pada anak tetapi diimbangi dengan dukungan dan kehangatan pengasuh terhadap anak. Sehingga, penting bagi pengasuh anak penyandang disabilitas untuk dapat memberikan arahan agar anak mampu memahami aturan dan memberikan dukungan pada anak agar dapat mengoptimalkan kemampuannya. Bentuk aplikasi pola pola asuh bagi anak penyandang disabilitas adalah sebagai berikut: (1) pengasuh memberikan aturan kepada anak, (2) pengasuh mendukung bakat dan minat anak, (3) pengasuh mendidik anak menjadi mandiri. Terungkap pula adanya beberapa hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pola asuh terhadap anak penyandang disabilitas di YSI Jakarta, yaitu: (1) diperlukan pendampingan ketat oleh profesional yang disebabkan adanya pengasuh yang belum memahami mengenai disabilitas, (2) pola asuh yang diterapkan harus sesuai dengan perkembangan anak penyandang disabilitas, (3) pengasuh perlu berperan sebagai orang yang memiliki otoritas agar memberikan transformasi kepada anak untuk memiliki keseganan terhadap pengasuh, (4) mampu menghadapi periode tantrum pada anak penyandang disabilitas, (5) tidak adanya terapis profesional selama masa pandemi COVID-19, (6) keterbatasan ruang gerak kegiatan yang dilakukan anak penyandang disabilitas selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pola asuh bagi anak penyandang disabilitas di YSI Jakarta ternyata sejalan dengan bentuk pola asuh bagi secara umum (non disabilitas) sebagaimana dinyatakan teori pola asuh oleh Diana Baumrind. Kemanfaatan penelitian ini adalah diharapkan dapat berkontribusi memberikan masukan terhadap mata kuliah Kesejahteraan sosial dan Perlindungan Anak, mengenai pola asuh yang dapat mendukung tumbuh kembang dan pemenuhan hak bagi anak penyandang disabilitas. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah mengikutsertakan anak penyandang disabilitas sebagai informan penelitian dengan melakukan observasi langsung di dalam panti YSI Jakarta.

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This study describes the parenting style of children with disabilities at the Sayap Ibu Foundation (YSI) Jakarta, which is discussed from the discipline of Social Welfare. The urgency of conducting this research is to reveal forms of parenting for children with disabilities that also pay attention to the developmental stages and needs of children according to their age with various types of disabilities, which was carried out by YSI Jakarta from 1955 until the time this research was conducted from August to November 2022. This qualitative research uses data collection by conducting in-depth interviews online and offline with 4 informants who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. As a data triangulation in order to improve the quality of the research, direct observations were also made of children with disabilities who were cared for at YSI Jakarta. However, there are limitations to this research, namely that it can only make observations through YSI Jakarta PAUD activities due to regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic which limited meeting and direct interaction with children with disabilities in YSI Jakarta institutions. The results of this study reveal that the parenting style for children with disabilities implemented by YSI Jakarta applies authoritarian (democratic) parenting methods that focus on the role of caregivers to make demands on children but balanced with the support and warmth of caregivers towards children. Thus, it is important for caregivers of children with disabilities to be able to provide directions so that children are able to understand the rules and provide support to children so that they can optimize their abilities. The form of application of parenting patterns for children with disabilities is as follows: (1) caregivers provide rules to children, (2) caregivers support children's talents and interests, (3) caregivers educate children to be independent. It was also revealed that there were several obstacles in the implementation of parenting for children with disabilities at YSI Jakarta, namely: (1) strict assistance was required by professionals because there were caregivers who did not understand disability, (2) the parenting style applied had to be in accordance with the development of children with disabilities. disabilities, (3) caregivers need to act as people with authority in order to provide transformation for children to have an aversion to caregivers, (4) able to deal with periods of tantrums in children with disabilities, (5) the absence of professional therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic, (6) limited space for activities carried out by children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion of this study is that the parenting style for children with disabilities at YSI Jakarta is in line with the general parenting style (non-disabilities) as stated by Diana Baumrind's parenting theory. The benefit of this research is that it is hoped that it can contribute to providing input to the social Welfare and Child Protection course, regarding parenting styles that can support growth and development and fulfill the rights of children with disabilities. Suggestions for further research are to include children with disabilities as research informants by making direct observations at YSI Jakarta."