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"Indonesian is huge multicultural society, which characyerized by various etnics groups and speaks a variety of regional languages, following a variety of religions and faiths and worshipping god in various ways, which forms one complete national unity in the broadest sense of the world....."

""With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside the courts, and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak, and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside of courts and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world, but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"

""With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside the courts, and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak, and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside of courts and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world, but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"

"Suatu studi hermeneutic fenomenologi telah dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai kesulitan dan tantangan pertama kali menjadi seorang ibu di daerah pedesaan Indonesia. Sebanyak 13 ibu muda yang berpartisipasi dalam studi ini telah menceritakan pengalaman mereka tentang kesulitan dan tantangan yang mereka alami ketika dirinya telah menjadi seorang ibu pada periode tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara semi struktur. Tiga kesulitan dan tantangan utama menjadi seorang ibu teridentifikasi dari studi ini : (1) menjadi ibu baru tidak mudah, (2) menjadi seorang ibu baru tidak sebebas seperti sebelum menjadi ibu (3) mencoba menjadi seorang ibu yang baik. Dengan hasil studi ini diharapkan para praktisi kesehatan akan lebih memahami masalah kesulitan dan tantangan-tantangan yang dialami seorang ibu muda pada awal masa menjadi ibu, sehingga keadaan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan baik.

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A hermeneutic phenomenological study was carried out to explore the difficulties and challenges of being a first-time mother in a rural area in Indonesia. The purposes of the present study were to provide health care providers with a greater understanding of the difficulties and the challenges of early motherhood. The thirteen Indonesian women who participated in this study described their experiences of first-time motherhood during early motherhood. Data were collected through semi structured conversational interviews. Three majors difficulties and challenges were identified: (1) being a new mother is not easy (2) a new mother is not as free as she was before and (3) trying to be a good mother. These challenges have offered insight, information and understanding into the experiences of Indonesian women with early motherhood. Also, this study will give a richer and deeper understanding of the needs of women during this period and about their feelings on the mothering role, which is useful for health care providers and others, who are concerned about this issue."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya masalah retensi anggota Baintelkam Polri yang cenderung keluar dari fungsi Baintelkam Polri. Untuk mengatasi masalah retensi ini, Baintelkam Polri menerapkan pembinaan karir yang ditujukan salah satunya untuk perawatan anggota. Namun permasalahannya, meskipun telah dilakukan pembinaan karir, retensi ini terjadi setiap tahunnya dari tahun 2017-2023. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Sesuai kebutuhan tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis tantangan dalam pembinaan karier terhadap kinerja Baintelkam Polri dan upaya mengeliminasinya.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori manajemen karir, teori kinerja, konsep pembinaan karir, konsep strategi, dan Perkap Polri No. 9 Tahun 2016 Tentang Sistem Pembinaan Karier Anggota Polri, serta Peraturan Kepolisian No 2 Tahun 2018 TentangPenilaian Kinerja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian lapangan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sejumlah masalah dan tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam pembinaan karier Baintelkam Polri. Tantangan utama di aspek internal adalah menjaga keamanan dan kerahasiaan informasi intelijen di tengah perubahan dinamis dalam lingkungan global, dengan ancaman seperti teknologi terbaru, ancaman siber, dan tingkat stres yang tinggi karena tugas sensitif. Tantangan selanjutnya berasal dari aspek eksternal yang berasal dari masalah kerja sama, termasuk dengan lembaga lain, serta isu teknis dan keamanan informasi. Strategi dalam sistem pembinaan karir yang lebih baik untuk penguatan kinerja Baintelkam Polri, selama ini diterapkan dengan perencanaan karir, rotasi kerja, dan pemanfaatan teknologi.

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This research is motivated by the problem of retention of Baintelkam Polri members who tend to leave the function of Baintelkam Polri. To overcome this retention problem, Baintelkam Polri implements career coaching, one of which is aimed at member maintenance. However, the problem is, even though career coaching has been carried out, this retention occurs every year from 2017-2023. Therefore, an appropriate solution is needed to overcome this problem. In accordance with these needs, this research is aimed at analyzing the challenges in career development regarding the performance of the National Police's Baintelkam and efforts to eliminate them.

The theories used in this research are career management theory, performance theory, career coaching concept, strategy concept, and Police Chief Regulation No. 9 of 2016 concerning the Career Development System for Police Members, as well as Police Regulation No. 2 of 2018 concerning Performance Assessment. This type of research is qualitative research with the method used in this research is the field research method.

The results of this research show that there are a number of problems and challenges that must be faced in career development for the National Police Security Agency. The main challenge in the internal aspect is maintaining the security and confidentiality of intelligence information amidst dynamic changes in the global environment, with threats such as the latest technology, cyber threats, and high levels of stress due to sensitive tasks. The next challenge comes from external aspects originating from cooperation problems, including with other institutions, as well as technical and information security issues. Strategies in a better career development system to strengthen the performance of the National Police's Security and Intelligence Agency have so far been implemented through career planning, job rotation and the use of technology."

""The diversity of interpretation within Islamic legal traditions can be challenging for those working within this field of study. Using a distinctly contextual approach, this book addresses such challenges by combining theoretical perspectives on Islamic law with insight into how local understandings impact on the application of law in Muslim daily life. Engaging with topics as diverse as Islamic constitutionalism, Islamic finance, human rights and internet fatawa, Shaheen Sardar Ali provides an invaluable resource for scholars, students and practitioners alike by exploring exactly constitutes Islamic law in the contemporary world. Useful examples, case studies, a glossary of terms and the author's personal reflections accompany traditional academic critique, and together offer the reader a unique and discerning discussion of Islamic law in practice"--Back cover."