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"As anthropologists become more and more accustomed to counting things and giving numerical statements concerning frequencies of behaviors, traits, andevents, as well as computing expressions of the covariations among these cultural elements, the tasks of recording, storing, and analyzing these data become moreand more complicated. Moreover, because we tend to be holistic in general orientation, we prefer to manipulate rather large numbers of different variables simultaneously. That is, none of us is particularly happy with the examination of individual cultural items, or pairs of items, torn out of the context of broad behavioral patterns to which they are related. Anthropological analysis usually involvesa multivariable strategy. Beyond a certain point the tasks of storing and manipulating these data becomeso enormous that we lose track of our materials, or our inventory and management of the data become overly cumbersome and time consuming. At some point in the growing complexity and perplexity we can save time and energy by turning to electronic computers for assistance."

"This paper seeks to provide a brief introduction to three of the major sources of Japanese crime statistics. The focus is upon questions concerning the validity of the statistics, and the paper also seeks to provide a brief introduction to the definition of offences within the Japanese Penal Code. An almost uncritical acceptance of the validity of these statistics has been a feature of the majority of those English-language works that have dealt with the Japanese criminal justice system. However, the conclusion reached here is that the statistics are shaped by their legal context, by police recording practices, and by the form in which they are presented in the sourcebooks. Consequently, they must be deployed with caution and with due regard for their potential limitations and biases. Nevertheless, the Hanzai Tokeisho in particular are valuable in permitting a variety of analytical approaches that can both extend the understanding of crime and criminal justice in Japan and advance the debate surrounding Japanese 'uniqueness'."

"The metaphor of 'dialogue' has been put to different descriptive and evaluative uses by constitutional and political theorists studying interactions between institutions concerning rights. It has also featured prominently in the opinions of courts and the rhetoric and deliberations of legislators. This volume brings together many of the world's leading constitutional and political theorists to debate the nature and merits of constitutional dialogues between the judicial, legislative, and executive branches. Constitutional Dialogue explores dialogue's democratic significance, examines its relevance to the functioning and design of constitutional institutions, and covers constitutional dialogues from an international and transnational perspective."

"What would a history that put women at the centre of the rise and fall of kingdoms be like? When the armies of Khubilai arrived on Java in 1293, they found themselves in the middle of two warring states. Two historical traditions developed concerning the ensuing events: the official Chinese dynastic records in which no women are mentioned, and a number of Javanese histories and poems in which everything depends upon the actions and fates of certain women. The Chinese account has long been regarded as factual, whilst the Javanese versions have been dismissed as mere romance, their women stereotypical representations of male fantasies. But what happens if the women and the narratives about them are taken seriously rather than dismissed? Of Palm Wine, Women and War offers just such a reading."

"William Walker's original analysis of John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding offers a challenging and provocative assessment of Locke's importance as a thinker, bridging the gap between philosophical and literary-critical discussion of his work. He presents Locke as a foundational figure who defines the epistemological and ontological ground on which eighteenth-century and Romantic literature operate and eventually diverge. He is revealed as a crucial figure for emerging modernity, less the familiar empiricist innovator and more the proto-Nietzschean thinker whose text fosters hitherto unsuspected instabilities and promotes a new kind of rhetorical force to counterbalance them. Walker's reading of Locke is at once finely attentive to the text and engagingly resourceful in placing the Essay in its broadest philosophical and historical context."

"The ratification of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2/2017 concerning Community Organization (Perppu Ormas) and Law No.5/2018 concerning Terrorism is a strategic policy achievement in the national security sector that can be utilized by the government and civil society to stem the progress of radical groups in Indonesia, especially (but not limited to) those associated with radical Islamic movements, both those who are known to use violent approaches and those who do not. Appropriate mapping of the development of radical groups, at the level of global, regional and national strategic environments, is important because it will become the basis for the formation of broader and deeper public policies related to the fight against radicalism and radical movements in the future. Descriptive qualitative analysis based on the data, documents and phenomena that occur shows that the ratification of those laws have a significant impact if followed by decisive actions by law enforcement."

"Indonesia masih mengalami begitu banyak masalah terkait bidang kesehatan, baik secara praktik, hukum, konsep, dan lain macamnya. Seluruh masalah ini pada dasarnya berpusat pada ambigunya prosedur dan hukum yang ada, ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan yang diterima sampai pada tenaga kesehatan yang melanggar kode etik. Salah satu masalah yang sangat krusial untuk dibahas adalah mengenai ahli gizi. Minimnya peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai profesi ahli gizi, serta pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai ahli gizi sangatlah terbatas memperburuk fenomena masalah ini. Masalah ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal hukum yang menelaah secara rinci aturan yang membahas tentang profesi ahli gizi sebagai tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia dan Jerman sebagai pusat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia, perlindungan hukum terhadap ahli gizi masih menghadapi tantangan signifikan, terutama terkait dengan pengakuan profesi ahli gizi dari masyarakat, hak dan kewajiban yang masih sangat terbatas, serta standar keahlian yang tidak jelas. Peraturan terhadap ahli gizi di Indonesia kerap saling tumpang tindih antara Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 26 Tahun 2013 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pekerjaan dan Praktik Tenaga Gizi dan Undang- Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan. Sementara itu, di Jerman, profesi ahli gizi menikmati kerangka hukum yang lebih terstruktur dan jelas, termasuk proses lisensi dan pengawasan profesi yang ketat sebagaimana dimuat dalam Dietitien Law. Tidak terkecuali dalam hal ini fakta bahwa di Jerman, ahli gizi justru menjadi profesi yang dikenal baik oleh masyarakat dan masing-masing ahli gizi melakukan profesinya sesuai keahliannya. Perbedaan dalam perlindungan hukum antara Indonesia dan Jerman sangat mempengaruhi status dan pengakuan ahli gizi sebagai tenaga kesehatan. Studi ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan kebijakan di Indonesia agar dapat meningkatkan perlindungan hukum dan pengakuan profesi bagi ahli gizi, sesuai dengan standar internasional yang lebih mapan seperti di Jerman.

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Indonesia is still experiencing so many problems related to the health sector, both in practice, law, concepts and so on. All of these problems basically center on the ambiguity of existing procedures and laws, public dissatisfaction with the services they receive and even health workers who violate the code of ethics. One of the most crucial issues to discuss is nutritionists. The lack of legal regulations regarding the nutritionist profession, as well as the public's very limited knowledge of nutritionists, exacerbates this problematic phenomenon. This issue is a legal doctrinal research that examines in detail the regulations that discuss the profession of nutritionists as health workers in Indonesia and Germany as the center of analysis. The research results show that in Indonesia, legal protection for nutritionists still faces significant challenges, especially related to recognition of the nutritionist profession from the public, very limited rights and obligations, and unclear standards of expertise. Regulations on nutritionists in Indonesia often overlap between Minister of Health Regulation Number 26 of 2013 concerning the Implementation of Work and Practices of Nutritionists and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Meanwhile, in Germany, the nutritionist profession enjoys a more structured and clear legal framework, including a licensing process and strict professional supervision as contained in the Dietitian Law. This is no exception to the fact that in Germany, nutritionists have become a profession that is well known to the public and each nutritionist carries out their profession according to their expertise. The difference in legal protection between Indonesia and Germany greatly influences the status and recognition of nutritionists as health workers. This study provides recommendations for improving policies in Indonesia in order to increase legal protection and professional recognition for nutritionists, in accordance with more established international standards such as in Germany."

"ABSTRAKKepastian kontraktual bagi konsumen dalam e-commerce tidak dapat dipisahkandari sistem proteksi yang dapat diandalkan di suatu negara berupa LembagaAkreditasi terhadap produk yang dipasarkan. Terdapat perbedaan yang sangatbesar antara aktivitas virtual dengan aktivitas dunia nyata dalam segi tindak danperbuatan hukum, dampak yang diakibatkan, penerapan sanksi dan jugapembuktiannya. Di samping itu jika ada hukum positif yang secara substantifdapat langsung diterapkan dalam pelanggaran dunia maya, diperlukan suatukonsep sebagai pemberlaku kaidah-kaidah dalam perbuatan hukum dunia maya.sebagai pertimbangan pokok yang mendasari pemberian sertifikasi pada pelakuusaha, sebagai jaminan kepercayaan yang tinggi dari konsumen. Tesis inimengkaji tentang keterkaitan hukum dan prinsip pertanggungjawaban produkdalam e-commerce berupa perlindungan para pihak untuk mendapat informasiyang benar mengenai persyaratan kontrak, dan penawaran produk melaluiinternet menurut hukum dan regulasi terkait, sehingga menandakan pelaku usahaberkewajiban untuk menjalankan usahanya dengan jujur dan itikad baik. Melaluikonsep kelembagaan yang diadopsi dari Singapura dan Uni Eropa, kesejahteraansosial masyarakat akan tercipta melalui peran lembaga peradilan, dimana dalamhal ini LSK selaku pihak ketiga dapat mengambil bagian dalampertanggungjawaban produk yang diperoleh dari perniagaan online, melaluipenafsiran perjanjian pihak yang berkepentingan satu sama lain dalam bentukkontrak elektronik dan peran penyediaan layanan dalam penyelesaian sengketayang ada dalam tujuan peningkatan efisiensi ekonomi.

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ABSTRACTContractual certainty for consumers in e-commerce cannot be separated from areliable protection system in a country, in the form of Certification Authorityaccrediting the market products. It is naïve to believe that the CertificationAuthority will exist independently, aloof from the world's legal systems due tothe vast difference between virtual and actual transactions in terms of legal acts,its effects, the sanctions system, and the burden of proof. Besides, anylegislation enacted for consumer protection on e-commerce can substantivelybuild a major concept in cyberspace as the prime consideration underlying theentrepreneurs’ accreditation. There are areas of potential legal exposure for anorganization such as a Certification Authority involved in e-commerce productliability. Working from this baseline of exposure, it will be incumbent onCertification Authority authorities and the legislative bodies that would endorsethem to engineer effective risk management strategies so as not to jeopardize theameliorative effects. The avowed, logical, and admirable purpose of aCertification Authority system in Singapore and European Union is to establisha fully functional self- and third-party rating system enabling patients andconsumers to filter harmful information and to positively identify and select highquality information. This thesis outlines and evaluates the current discussion onthe propriety and feasibility of enacting a national law in Indonesia enunciating abody of general principles overarching e-commerce legislations on productliability. By way of the critical and comparative appraisal, it advocates theenactment of such general principles and suggests the salient features and theessential structure of the future code."

"Tulisan ini berusaha memetakan pengetahuan pengungsi dan pencari suaka di Indonesia yang relatif masih jarang mendapatkan sorotan dalam studi Hubungan Internasional. Pembacaan yang melihat serta memproblematisasi bias kolonial dalam rezim pengungsi internasional serta kategorisasi dari migrasi transit dan pengungsi-pencari suaka, akan menjadi titik berangkat tulisan ini. Melalui tinjauan taksonomis terhadap 22 literatur, tulisan ini kemudian berusaha mengkontekstualisasikan dinamika pengungsi di Indonesia dengan migrasi-pengungsi secara lebih luas lewat pembacaan genealogis yang menyentuh aspek legal, multisiplistas aktor, dan (re)konseptualisasi konsep transit yang kerap disematkan kepada konteks Indonesia, sembari berusaha mengedapankan pengetahuan yang dibawa oleh pengungsi di Indonesia itu tersendiri. Penulis menemukan bagaimana di Indonesia, diskursus pengungsi, yang baru masuk ke Indonesia di periode gelombang pengungsi Indochina pada dekade 1970-an, berkelindan erat dengan pola migrasi-pengungsi internasional, utamanya lewat fractioning dan kategorisasi transit-pengungsi-pencari suaka, dan terus direproduksi dalam kerangka pengamanan hingga sekarang. Secara tataran pengetahuan, penulis menilai bahwa produksi pengetahuan di ranah akademik tentang pengungsi di Indonesia kurang lebih berada di bawah satu payung ‘kritis’ yang sama dan berusaha mengarusutamakan pengetahuan dari pengungsi di Indonesia, namun masih banyak ceruk pengetahuan yang masih bisa diisi dan dinavigasi lebih lanjut.

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This article seeks to map the knowledge of refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia, which, relatively speaking, has not been thoroughly investigated by International Relations-adjacent scholarship. An outlook that problematizes colonial biases on international refugee regime, as well as the categorization of transit migration and refugee-asylum seeker, will be central to this reading. Departing from taxonomic appraisal of 22 accredited-literatures, this article aims to contextualize the dynamics of refugees in Indonesia within the broader scope of migration-refugee studies through a genealogical reading that encompasses legal aspects, multiplicity of actors, and the (re)conceptualization of the transit concept oft-attributed to the Indonesian context, whilst trying to posit decentralized knowledge coming from refugees themselves. This author postulates that in Indonesia, discourses (and the language) of refugees, which predominantly emerged during the influx of Indochinese refugees in the 1970s, were/are heavily intertwined with the patterns of international migration-refugees, primarily through fractioning and categorization-labelling of transit-refugees-asylum seekers, and continues to be reproduced under securitized framework and language to this day. Insofar knowledge production on academia level, this author remarks that knowledge production of refugees in Indonesia virtually falls under a similar 'critical' umbrella, which seeks to prioritize knowledge from refugees in Indonesia, whilst acknowledging a plethora of knowledge gaps that can be probed and inquired further."