Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"To open window about some of the cultural dimensions of Portugal and to look for some significant points of reference which can help to understand the ways this country is going through, is the present text. This work is not more than a proposition of reflection; build on the words and on the visions of representative figures of history and Pourtuguese literature. Across three main topics, we will try to show the underlying keys to all statements: the value of the Portuguese nation consist of his cultural richness. A universe of interrogations seems to guide the steps of a country always with his insure and compromised destimination.Who we are? where do we go? Why? What for? in the answer to all questions,"the reasons of the heart" are always part of the argumentation.It seems that feelings and emotions are important fact,marking the quality of every decision made. On the crossroads and challenge of history,Portugal always have been a nation confronted with a need continues of redrawing his geographic map, a map were limits extrapolated the politic border of the country. Facing a permanent restlessness and ambition, our satisfaction could result only by utopia geographic: to have a cot where the real and the imaginary, the passed and the present, are joint together. That cot is actually, a cultural identity,an open space, turned at the discoveries of the future"

"ABSTRAKThis article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on the cultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings of Western scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe-Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), and Indonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars? writings often raise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their viewsand standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison between Hinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam and Hinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, BernardH.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied are more inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesian culture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism."

"This article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on thecultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings ofWestern scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe-Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), andIndonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars’ writings oftenraise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their viewsand standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison betweenHinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam andHinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, BernardH.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied aremore inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesianculture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism."

"The book uses autobiographical writing contributed to Mass Observation since 1981 to explore the social and cultural history of late-twentieth-century Britain. Prompted by thrice-yearly open-ended questionnaires, Mass Observations volunteers wrote about their political attitudes, religious beliefs, work, childhoods, education, friendships, marriages, sex lives, mid-life crises, aging, the whole range of human emotion, feeling, attitudes, and experience. At the core of the book are seven biographical essays, intimate portraits of individual lives set in the context of the shift towards a more tolerant and permissive society from the 1960s and of the rise of Thatcherite neo-liberalism as the structures of Britains post-war settlement crumbled from the later 1970s. The mass observers featured in the book, four women and three men, are drawn from across the social spectrum, wife of a small businessman, teacher, social worker, RAF wife, mechanic, lorry driver, banker: all active and forceful characters with strong opinions and lives crowded with struggle and drama. All of them were born before the Second World War, so they experienced the changing shape of post-1960s Britain as already fully formed adults. The honesty and frankness with which they wrote about themselves takes us below the surface of public life to the efforts of ordinary, but exceptionally articulate and self-reflective, people to make sense of their lives in rapidly changing times."

"Empire in the Hills explores the multiple perspectives underlying the aesthetics and spatial politics of development and policy making in different mountain sites of Simla, Darjeeling, Ootacamund, and Mount Abu in India during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Multiple voices, sometimes intersecting, sometimes contesting emerge throughout, transforming the nature of imperial discourse. A large number of hill stations were developed by the British in the Indian colony. Different desires, aspirations, and visions coexisted, marked by mutual paradoxes and ambivalences. It becomes evident that the English settlers of the nineteenth century cannot be considered a monolithic category. Hill spaces were reinvented to familiarize the unfamiliar to the Occident. The colonial authorities collected and preserved information about the hill people under the garb of benevolent paternalism. This authoritative knowledge was used to recast the hill communities according to their usefulness to the colonial capitalist enterprise. This book argues that there is a clear contestation of such representations. While the colonizers attempted to negate the presence of the locals, the latter on their part negotiated for their roles in these transitional times. The study also explores the aspect of institutionalization of leisure in the hillscape. The urban experience in the four stations led to a reorganization of spaces which reflected the cultural ethos of Europe. the book examines the hitherto unexplored linkages between Empire, space, and culture in the specific context of the colonial hill stations in India."

"MS Jav. b. 2 (R) is among the earliest Javanese manuscripts brought to Europe by seafarers. It was presented to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, in 1629. Its text – titled Stories of Amir (Caritanira Amir) – sheds new light on the literary and cultural history of Java and the wider Java Sea world. Probably composed in the 1500s, possibly in Banten, the text contains part of an adaptation of the Malay Hikayat Amir Hamzah, itself a rendition of an eleventh-century text in Persian. The protagonist Hamza was an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad. His epic story used to be told across Islamic Asia in a range of literary and performance genres. The text is Javanized not only in its language but also its poetics and (selectively) its natural and cultural settings. Among other things, Caritanira Amir helps to clarify the relationship between Middle and Modern Javanese, and it problematizes social, political, and religious issues that were evidently of concern in the early modern Java Sea world. Several appear in the excerpt presented here."