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Abstrak :
The impact of Urbanization to food habits and socio-demographic characteristics was examined by comparing a total of 150 elderly subjects from rural, low income urban and middle income urban community (50 in each area) in Bandung district, West Java. All subjects had the same ethnicity (Sundanese). Urban subjects should migrated to the city for at least 30 years. Data collection was done from January to March 1996. The data was collected through personal interview, anthropometric assessment and in-depth interview to selected individuals. These data collection was aimed to obtain information on food habits, health status, psychological well-being and nutritional status. Changes in food habits was gathered by using list of food which included current and past consumption frequency. Health status data was collected through subjective health reported by the subjects. Nutritional status was assessed by using several anthropometric measurement namely weight, height, armspan and calf circumference. Changes in consumption frequency of several food items were found between current and past situation and also among areas. Several indicators of psychological well-being were also found significantly different among the three areas. No difference of nutritional status indices among areas were found.

Abstrak :
Kualitas pelayanan kesehatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pelayanan keperawatan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan keperawatan adalah kinerja perawat pelaksana, kinerja perawat pelaksana dapat dipengaruhi oleh keberhasilan supervisi yang dilakukan manajer keperawatan dan keberhasilan supervisi manajer keperawatan ditentukan oleh kemampuannya dalam supervisi. Kemampuan supervisi mencakup pengetahuan, entrepreneurial, intelektual, sosioemosional dan interpersonal. Kemampuan supervisi berhubungan dengan karakteristik demografi perawat manajer dan karakteristik organisasi yang terbentuk dari budaya organisasi. Hasil residensi di RSUD Pasar rebo menunjukkan 50 % kepala ruangan tidak melaksanakan supervisi, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik demografi dan karakteristik organisasi dengan kemampuan supervisi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Pasar Rebo Jakarta, dengan jumlah sampel 30 perawat manajer garda depan yang merupakan total sampel. Instrumen penelitian terbagi tiga yaitu bagian pertama adalah karakteristik demografi, bagian kedua adalah karakteristik organisasi dan bagian ketiga adalah kemampuan supervisi. Mengingat jumlah sampel yang keeil, maka hasil penelitian ini tidak dapat digeneralisasi untuk rumah sakit lain. Karakteristik responden berumur antara 23 tahun sampai dengan 50 tahun, terbanyak adalah perempuan, pendidikan SPK dan D III keperawatan, status perkawinan sebagian besar menikah, lama bekerja antara 4 tahun sampai dengan 28 tahun, dan lama menjadi manajer 0 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahun. Hasil penelitian variabel karakteristik organisasi menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responder mempunyai karakteristik organisasi sedang (60%,n=30), variabel kemampuan supervisi menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mempunyai kemampuan supervisi pada tingkat sedang (60%, n=30). Karakteristik demografi tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna dengan kemampuan supervisi. Sementara karakteristik organisasi menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kemampuan supervisi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada penentu kebijakan di rumah sakit untuk menetapkan peraturan agar supervisi dapat berjalan dengan baik. Perlu adanya pertimbangan ratio perawat dengan jumlah tempat tidur, perlu adanya perawat pengganti bagi perawat yang sedang melaksanakan tugas belajar, dan mengingat kemampuan supervisi sebagian besar responden berada pada tiungkat sedang, usia responden sebagian besar berada pada usia produktif maka perlu adanya penyegaran tentang menejemen keperawatan secara berkala, terutama tentang supervise.

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The Relationship between Demographic Characteristics and Organization Characteristic and The Supervision Competencies Perceived by Nurse Manager at the Pasar Rebo Hospital, Jakarta Timur The quality of health care service will be affected by quality of nursing services. On the other hand the quality of nursing services will be affected by the clinical nurse's performance. The nurse clinical performance will be depended on the fulfillment of supervision function done by Nurse Managers. The success of manager in supervision will be depended on competencies from the activity. The competencies of supervision are: knowledge, entrepreneurial, intellectual, socio-emotional, and interpersonal. Supervision competencies related to demographic characteristic nurse manager and the organization characteristic which build up from the organizational cultural. The result of residence in Pasar Rebo Hospital show the figures that 50% first line nurse manager did not to do the supervision. So that this research want to know a relation between demographic characteristic, organization characteristic with the supervision competencies. This research is analytic descriptive research with cross sectional methods. The subject research will be held in Pasar Rebo Hospital Jakarta with total 30 samples from first line nurse manager. Our research instrument will be separate from three parts. Part one is demographic characteristic, part two is organization characteristic, and the third is the competencies of supervision. Total sample is minimal so that the result of this research can not be generalization to the other hospital. The respondents age from 23 year to 50 year. Many of them are women, and have studied at SPK and DIII Nursing Program education, marital status respondent have been married and have been working for 4 to 28 years and responsible of manager form 4 year until 4 years. The result of variable characteristic organization pointed that many of them (60%) have characteristic organization middle, variable competency supervision pointed that many of them (60%) have ability to supervision at the middle level. Demographic characteristic is not relation between capability supervision. According to this research, we suggest that the key person which have decision in the hospital to set up or make the rules for the good supervision activity. The most important, there is must be increase ratio from nurses with the total bed. And also have another nurses for change the nurses who have following the study program, and attention to the competencies of supervision the whole respondent at the middle level, the respondent age at the productive activity so that they must have many training programs of nursing management.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor material dan faktor non-material terhadap kebahagiaan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data cross-section dari Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS wave 5 tahun 2014, studi ini mengambil 78000 responden yang diestimasi menggunakan model logit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor material yaitu pendapatan absolut, pendapatan relatif, dan pengeluaran.berkorelasi positif terhadap kebahagiaan di Indonesia. Sedangkan faktor non-material yang berpengaruh adalah kondisi kesehatan, ketaatan beragama, kepercayaan mayoritas, perasaan kesepian, perasaan tertekan, rasa aman, partisipasi sosial, dan trust.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa orang yang memiliki pasangan, berpendidikan, wanita, memiliki pekerjaan lebih merasa bahagia. Riset ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam tingkat kebahagiaan antara individu yang tinggal di perkotaan atau pedesaan. Kemudian, hubungan antara kebahagiaan dan usia menunjukkan kurva yang berbentuk U. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor non-material memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan faktor material dalam mempengaruhi kebahagiaan apabila faktor material dilihat dalam bentuk pendapatan absolut. Namun, apabila faktor material dilihat dalam bentuk pendapatan relatif, pengaruh dari pendapatan relatif lebih besar dibandingkan faktor non-material dalam mempengaruhi kebahagiaan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the influence of material and non material factors on happiness in Indonesia. Using the cross section data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS wave 5 of 2014, this study took 78,000 respondents estimated using a logit model. The results show that happiness in Indonesia is positively influenced by material factors such as absolute income, relative income, and expenditure, while non material factors such as health conditions, religious observance, trust, feelings of loneliness, feelings of depression, security, social participation, and trust are also significantly affect happiness.The results showed that people, who are married, educated, women, and have job tend to be happy. The research also found that there is no difference on happiness between individuals living in urban or rural areas. In addition, the relationship between happiness and age shows an U shaped curve. Finally, non material factors have a greater influence than absolute income as material factors in affecting happiness. However, in terms of relative income, the effect of relative income is greater than non material factors in affecting happiness in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Tujuan Pembangunan Kesehatan adalah meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia serta kualitas kehidupan yang dilakukan sejak dini dan sangat tergantung pada kualitas kesehatan ibu hamil. Saat ini Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (SKRT 1995). Kematian ini umumnya dapat dicegah bila komplikasi kehamilan dan keadaan resiko tinggi lainnya dapat dideteksi secara dini melalui pelayanan antenatal yang baik. Manurut Green perilaku pemanfaatan antenatal dipengaruhi oleh faktor predisposisi, pemungkin, pendukung. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada faktor predisposisi yaitu karakteristik sosiodemografi dan pengetahuan ibu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan yang dibagi 2 wilayah yaitu wilayah yang cakupan antenatalnya tinggi (Kl > 90% dan K4 > 80%) dan wilayah cakupan antenatalnya rendah (Kl <90% dan K4 <80%). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah non eksperimental dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 192 ibu hamil yang terdiri dari 94 ibu hamil di wilayah ANC tinggi dan 98 ibu hamil di wilayah ANC rendah. Cara pengambilannya simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data untuk variabel bebas: umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, paritas, dan pengetahuan ibu dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung, sedangkan untuk variabel antenatal dilakukan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi melalui KMS ibu hamil. Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi ibu hamil yang memanfaatkan pelayanan antenatal baik adalah 29,7% dan yang pemanfaatan antenatal kurang adalah 70,3%. Sedangkan proporsi pemanfaatan ANC berdasarkan wilayah adalah untuk wilayah ANC tinggi yang memanfaatkan antenatal baik adalah 29,6% dan untuk wilayah ANC rendah adalah 29,8%. Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna (p >0,05) antara pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan umur, pendidikan, paritas. Akan tetapi ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan status pekerjaan dan pengetahuan ibu (baik secara umum maupun secara terpisah berdasarkan wilayah). Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal untuk wilayah ANC tinggi adalah pengetahuan (OR 3,3161) sedangkan untuk wilayah ANC rendah adalah pekerjaan ibu (OR 21,6495). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal di wilayah Kabupaten Donggala masih sangat rendah baik itu secara umum maupun terpisah berdasarkan wilayah cakupan. Untuk itu perlu ditingkatkan penyuluhan-penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka terhadap manfaat pemeriksaan kehamilan. ......Analysis on Relationship between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Pregnant Mother's Knowledge with Utilization of Antenatal Care in Two Areas of Donggala District, Central Sulawesi Province 2001The objective of National Health Development is to improve the quality of human resources and to improve the quality of life. Those improvements are to be started early at life and heavily depend on the quality of pregnant and maternal health. At the present time, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is 373 per 100.000 life births (SKRT, 1995). In general, these deaths could be prevented if the maternal complication and other high risk situations could be detected early through good antenatal care. According to Green, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influence the behavior of antenatal care utilization. This study focused on predisposing factors, which is socio-demographic characteristics and mother's knowledge. This study was conducted in working area of Donggala Health Office, which is divided into two areas, that is area with high antenatal coverage (K1 > 90% and K4 > 80%) and area with low antenatal coverage (K1 < 90% and K4 < 80%). Design of the study is non-experimental with cross-sectional approach. Subjects were 192 pregnant mothers comprised of 94 pregnant mothers in "high ANC area" and 98 pregnant mothers in "low ANC area". Subjects were chosen in a simple random sampling way. Data on independent variables (age, education, current employment, parity, marital status, and mother's knowledge) were collected by face-to-face interview, while data on antenatal variable was collected through both interview and document study on pregnant mother's KMS (health record card). The study found that in general, the proportion of pregnant mother who utilize antenatal care well was 29.7%, while those who utilize antenatal care poorly was 70.3%. In "high ANC area", pregnant mothers who utilize antenatal care well were 29.6% and those who utilize antenatal care well in "low ANC area" were 29.8%. The Chi-square results exhibited no significant association (p > 0.05) between ANC utilization with age, education, and parity. However, significant association was found between ANC utilization with employment status and mother's knowledge (both in general or partial based on area). The logistic regression showed that the most dominating factor that influences ANC utilization in "high ANC area" is knowledge (OR = 3.3161), while in "low ANC area" it is mother's employment status (OR = 21.6495). The study came into conclusion that the utilization of antenatal care in Donggala District was still very low in both general and partial (based on different ANC coverage). Therefore, there is need to improve extension and promotion to pregnant mothers in order to improve their knowledge on the usefulness of antenatal care.

Abstrak :
Perjanjian GATS membawa dampak pada pelayanan kesehatan sehingga penting untuk membuat sistem regulasi yang sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi di masing-masing negara. Strategi untuk memperbaiki sistem pelayanan kesehatan antara lain memperbaiki sistem pendidikan kesehatan, menggalang kehidupan keprofesian dan penataan kembali sistem pemberian pelayanan kesehatan sehingga mampu memberi pelayanan yang baik dan transparan, bermutu dan memperhatikan kepentingan pasien. Oleh karena itu penting untuk meningkatkan sistem manajemen termasuk manajemen keperawatan sehingga mampu meningkatkan prestasi kerja perawat. Penelitian prestasi kerja di RS Islam Jakarta dilaksanakan mengingat prestasi kerja mereka selama ini secara umum belum memuaskan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif korelatif. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara cross sectional dimana unit analisisnya adalah perawat pelaksana yang bekerja minimal satu tahun di unit rawat inap . Instrumen yang dipakai adalah kuesioner yang menggunakan konsep teori motivasi isi dari Maslow dan Herzberg. Sedangkan instrumen prestasi kerja diadopsi dari hasil penelitian Ilyas di RS Islam Jawa Tengah tahun 1994. Variabel motivasi kerja meliputi motivasi intrinsik (penghargaan atas prestasi, tanggung jawab dalam pekerjaan, kesempatan untuk berkembang dan otonomi dalam pekerjaan) dan motivasi ekstrinsik (penerimaan gaji, kondisi lingkungan kerja, kebijakan institusi dan supervisi atasan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) secara umum prestasi kerja perawat di RS Islam Jakarta, 56,5% berprestasi tinggi (2) motivasi kerja ekstrinsik perawat di rumah sakit, 44% tinggi dan motivasi kerja intrinsik, 55,4% tinggi (3) terbukti dalam penelitian ini yang berhubungan secara bermakna terhadap prestasi kerja perawat ialah gaji, kebijakan institusi, supervisi, penghargaan, tanggung jawab dan kesempatan berkembang (4) dari enam komponen motivasi yang berhubungan maka terdapat dua faktor yang dominan, yaitu gaji dan kesempatan berkembang. Mempertimbangkan hasil penelitian diatas maka dapat disampaikan saran antara lain (1) perlunya merubah kebijakan rumah sakit tentang gaji perawat (2) kondisi lingkungan kerja perlu lebih ditingkatkan lagi kualitasnya (3) pelaksanaan supervisi perlu ditingkatkan baik kaulitas dan kuantitasnya (4) perlu ditingkatkan sistem penghargaan yang adil (5) pemberian tanggung jawab yang lebih luas kepada perawat (6) diperluasnya kesempatan bagi perawat untuk dapat lebih maju dan berkembang.

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GATS agreement impacted to health services, so it is important to make a suitable regulation system to the situation and condition in each country. The strategies in improving the health services system are to improve the health education system, to do professional life and to rearrange the system of giving the health service. So it will give transparent and good services, qualified and patient need orientation. It is important to improve management system including nursing management so that it can increase nurse performance. This research done because of unsatisfied performance of nursing staff in Jakarta Islamic Hospital. This research is non experimental quantitative research with correlative descriptive design. Sampling method is done by cross sectional in which its analysis unit is nurses with one year working experience in hospital. The instrument is questionnaires that use content motivation theory from Maslow and Herzberg (La Monica, 1996). Whereas the nurses? performance instrument is adopted from Ilyas?s research results in Islamic Hospital in Central Java on 1994. Motivation factors variable include intrinsic motivation (reward of achievement, responsibility in working, opportunity to improve self, autonomy) and extrinsic motivation (salary acceptance, working environment condition, institution policy, quality of supervision). Research result showed that (1) generally, nurses performance in Jakarta Islamic Hospital, 56,5% is high (2) nurses extrinsic motivation, 44% is high and intrinsic motivation, 55,4% is high (3) in this research proof that significant correlation to the nurses performance is salary acceptance, institution policy, quality of supervision, reward system, responsibility in working, opportunity to improve (4) there is two dominant factors is salary acceptance and opportunity to improve. Considering the research result above so can be suggested that (1) it is necessary to increase salary (2) increasing the quality of work condition (3) increasing the quantity and quality of supervision (4) reward system in equity (5) giving more responsibility to the nurses, and (6) giving more opportunity to improve.

Abstrak :
Skabies merupakan penyakit kulit yang menular dan identik dengan rasa gatal yang disebabkan mikroorganisme Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Skabies lebih sering menginfeksi kelompok sosial-ekonomi rendah dengan keadaan pemukiman padat penduduk, lingkungan yang tidak terawat serta higienitas yang buruk, salah satunya adalah pesantren. Prevalensi skabies di pesantren padat penghuni di Jakarta tergolong tinggi,yaitu 78,7 %. Untuk itu diperlukan pemberian pengobatan yang disertai dengan penyuluhan sebagai upaya pencegahan. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan santri mengenai gejala klinis skabies dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik demografi santri dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pesantren X ,Jakarta Timur pada tanggal 22 Januari 2011 dengan memberikan kuesioner berisikan pertanyaan mengenai gejala klinis skabies kepada santri. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS versi 16 dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan santri yang mempunyai pengetahuan baik sebanyak 4,2%, sedang 27,9 % dan kurang 67,9%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan usia (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p>0,05), jenis kelamin (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p>0,05), tingkat pendidikan (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p>0,05), jumlah sumber informasi (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p>0,05) dan informasi yang paling berkesan (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p>0,05). Dari uraian tersebut, disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan santri mengenai gejala klinis skabies dengan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, jumlah informasi, dan informasi yang paling berkesan. ...... Scabies is a contagious skin disease and identical wtih itching sensation caused by microorganisms Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Scabies is more commonly infect lower socio-economic groups with a dense population and the environment with poor hygiene, one of which is a boarding school. The prevalence of scabies in dense boarding schools in Jakarta is high (78.7%). The research aims to determine the level of knowledge of students of clinical symptoms of scabies and its association with demographic characteristics of students with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in a boarding school X, East Jakarta on January 22nd , 2011 by giving questionnaires containing questions about the clinical symptoms of scabies to the students. The data was processed using SPSS version 16 and analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The result shows that students with good knowledge 4.2%, regular 27.9% and 67.9% . There were no significant differences between the level of knowledge with age (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p> 0.05), sex (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p> 0.05), educational level (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p> 0.05), number of information sources (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p> 0.05) and the most memorable information (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p> 0.05). From the description, it was concluded that there is no relationship between the level of knowledge of students about the clinical symptoms of scabies with age, gender, education level, the amount of information, and the most memorable information.

Abstrak :
Dalam 25 tahun mendatang, angka mortalitas akibat penyakit infeksi diperkirakan akan menurun, namun penyakit infeksi di Indonesia hingga tahun 2007 masih menjadi penyakit terbanyak pada pasien rawat jalan. Keluarga memiliki asosiasi yang kuat dengan kesehatan dan penyakit seseorang melalui hubungan dan dinamika kehidupannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik demografis, profil keluarga dan penyakit infeksi terbanyak di Klinik Dokter Keluarga Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tahun 2006-2008 serta hubungannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 103 data sekunder dari laporan studi kasus pasien di Klinik Dokter Keluarga Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tahun 2006-2008 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penyakit infeksi terbanyak adalah infeksi M. tuberculosis , infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, infeksi saluran pencernaan, infeksi kulit, dan infeksi yang belum diketahui penyebabnya. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara bentuk keluarga dan jumlah anggota dalam satu rumah dengan infeksi M. tuberculosis. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia pasien dengan infeksi saluran pencernaan, dan status pernikahan pasien dengan infeksi saluran pencernaan. Jadi, penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara karakteristik demogafis dan profil keluarga dengan penyakit infeksi pasien di Klinik Dokter Keluarga Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tahun 2006-2008. ......In the next 25 years, mortality rate of infectious diseases is estimated to decrease, but infectious diseases until 2007 still become the most frequent of diseases in clinical patients in Indonesia. Family has a strong association with health and disease through a relationship and the dynamics of life. This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics, family profile, the most frequent of infectious diseases and their relationships in Clinic of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia in 2006-2008. It uses cross-sectional design and the data were collected by means of patient case reports. The result of this study is the most frequent of infectious diseases are M. tuberculosis infection, acute respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal tract infection, skin infection, and unknown infection. There are significant associaton between family profile (family structure and the amount of family member) and M. tuberculosis infection. There are significant association between demographic characteristics (age and marital status) and gastrointestinal tract infection. From those results, this study concludes that there are significant association between demographic characteristics, family profile and infectious diseases in Clinic of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia in 2006-2008.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari karakteristik demografi dan kecenderungannya dalam terjadinya perputaran tenaga kerja (labor turnover) berdasarkan data Sakernas Agustus 2013. Hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan bahwa individu dengan karakteristik berumur 15-19 tahun, laki-laki, berpendidikan tinggi, tinggal di perkotaan, berstatus belum kawin, bukan kepala keluarga, bekerja di lapangan usaha industri informal atau pertanian formal kecenderungannya lebih tinggi untuk melakukan turnover jadi menganggur dan pindah pekerjaan. Individu dengan karakteristik berumur 55 tahun ke atas, perempuan, berpendidikan tinggi, tinggal di perkotaan, berstatus kawin dan kepala keluarga kecenderungannya lebih tinggi untuk melakukan turnover jadi bekerja. ......This research aims to study the demographic characteristics and trends in the labor turnover based on Sakernas August 2013 data. The results of inferential analysis showed that individuals with the characteristics of the age of 15-19 years, male, highly educated, urban residence, unmarried status, not the head of the family, working in the field industrial business of informal or formal agricultural higher propensity to do the turnovers become unemployed and moved jobs. Individuals with characteristics above 55 years old, female, highly educated, urban residence, marital status and family head, higher propensity to do be worked turnovers.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas pergeseran trend penyakit penyebab mortalitas utama dari penyakit infeksi menjadi penyakit non infeksi dan peran keluarga terhadap prevalensi penyakit non infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik demografis, profil keluarga, dan penyakit non infeksi di KDK FKUI tahun 2006-2008, serta hubungannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan 103 sampel data sekunder dari laporan studi kasus mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sepuluh pola penyakit non infeksi terbanyak adalah hipertensi derajat II, diabetes melitus tipe 2, gizi kurang, obesitas derajat I, hipertensi derajat I, alergi, penyakit saluran cerna non infeksi, katarak, penyakit muskuloskeletal, dan obesitas derajat II. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara karakteristik demografis dan profil keluarga dengan penyakit non infeksi di KDK FKUI tahun 2006 – 2008. ......This study discusses about trend of disease’s shift from infectious diseases to non infectios diseases and role of family to non infectious diseases’ prevalence. The purpose of this study is to understand about demographic characteristics, family profiles, non infectious diseases in Clinic of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, and their relationships. This study is conducted by using cross sectional method with 103 secondary datas from case study report. Result shows that the top ten non infectious diseases are stage II hypertension, type 2 diabetes melitus, malnutrition, grade I obesity, stage I hypertension, allergy, non infection gastrointestinal diseases, cataract, musculoskeletal diseases, and grade II obesity. This study concludes that there are significant association between patient’s demographic characteristics and family profiles with non infectious diseases in Clinic of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia 2006-2008.

Abstrak :
The population dynamics in Indonesia have brought several implications on manpower condition. Fertility level that was high in the past still has impact on the high supply of manpower in indonesia today. One consequence is that the Government has to provide job opportunity for working age population that is continually growing in number: However, formal sector occupations can only absorb about one third of manpower in Indonesia. As a result, most working age Indonesians have to create their own job opportunity in informal sector in particular in small and medium scale industry (UKM). The success of 0 UKM depends on many factors. This study aims to investigate the factors that support or impede the non- corporate body UKM in particular informal and small scale and traditional industry (USIT). The study location is in West Jakarta. For the purpose of the study, a survey was Conducted. The survey collected data through face- to-face interviews to USIT owners using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done descriptively. It is hypothesized that the progress of a USIT depends on the USIT owners demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. business characteristics and other characteristics (whether owns DKI Jakarta's identity card/KTP), the presence of difficulty in doing business, economic crisis effects on business, training, financial assistance and business prospect). There are eight indicators of growing business used in this study: duration of business and the ability to expand the business. The ability to expand the business is viewed from whether there is growth in physical assets, financial capitals, rates, labor and customers from the beginning of business to the time oft he study (October 2002). Results of the study show that the advancement USIT depends on the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of USIT owners, the characteristics of business and other characteristics. Economic stability and financial resources are the two factors stated to affect the growing of a USIT Access to information about financial aid from the Government is inadequate.