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Abstrak :
[This book shows that the definitions and implications of the concept of balanced growth vary significantly among the different disciplines in economic science, but are not exclusive at all. Terms such as sustainability or balanced growth have become buzzwords. In practice, they are often a desirable vision rather than an achievable objective. Doubts may arise about the extent to which such concepts are compatible with a modern market economy. Is balanced growth possible at all? Is it reasonable to accept balanced growth as a norm? Why should a balanced growth path be a desirable strategy to pursue for policymakers, managers, employees, and other societal stakeholders? Empirical evidence suggests that the actual worldwide economic growth is not balanced at all. Meanwhile, ever since the beginning of the financial and economic crisis in 2007 and its accompanying spillover effects, our globalizing world has uncompromisingly shown the flip side of its coin. Its crisis-prone character has intensified the discussion about our economic system’s sustainability. Questions related to acceptable sovereign debt levels, suitable trade deficits and surpluses, firms’ growth targets, resource management and efficiency have aroused high interest. What is the cause of the observed imbalances? In our opinion, this debate must involve rethinking the qualitative and quantitative dimension of our present understanding of the nature of economic growth. A companion volume to a renowned symposium at the University of St. Gallen, this collection of articles by renowned researchers and practitioners tackles this urgent topic from a variety of angles, including macroeconomic and resourcing perspectives. , This book shows that the definitions and implications of the concept of balanced growth vary significantly among the different disciplines in economic science, but are not exclusive at all. Terms such as sustainability or balanced growth have become buzzwords. In practice, they are often a desirable vision rather than an achievable objective. Doubts may arise about the extent to which such concepts are compatible with a modern market economy. Is balanced growth possible at all? Is it reasonable to accept balanced growth as a norm? Why should a balanced growth path be a desirable strategy to pursue for policymakers, managers, employees, and other societal stakeholders? Empirical evidence suggests that the actual worldwide economic growth is not balanced at all. Meanwhile, ever since the beginning of the financial and economic crisis in 2007 and its accompanying spillover effects, our globalizing world has uncompromisingly shown the flip side of its coin. Its crisis-prone character has intensified the discussion about our economic system’s sustainability. Questions related to acceptable sovereign debt levels, suitable trade deficits and surpluses, firms’ growth targets, resource management and efficiency have aroused high interest. What is the cause of the observed imbalances? In our opinion, this debate must involve rethinking the qualitative and quantitative dimension of our present understanding of the nature of economic growth. A companion volume to a renowned symposium at the University of St. Gallen, this collection of articles by renowned researchers and practitioners tackles this urgent topic from a variety of angles, including macroeconomic and resourcing perspectives. ]

Abstrak :
Building corporate IQ : moving the energy business from smart to genius gives a clear outline of organizational intelligence and provides a framework for practitioners of good leadership. The synthesis starts with an overview of the fundamental skills and competencies mastered by leaders and team members in organizations. Building corporate IQ : moving the energy business from smart to genius also includes a corporate IQ test that is designed to help leaders gain insight into how their organization can stay at the competitive frontier. Illustrated with case studies from the energy sector, Building corporate IQ : moving the Energy business from smart to genius explains the guiding principles of organizational learning, with the goal of developing better organizational intelligence.

Abstrak :
[Multi-stakeholder partnering has become the 'new mantra' of decision-makers in business, government and civil society. Yet our understanding of what drives success and failure in these institutions remains incomplete. The book introduces a production theory which describes how the relationship between contributions and outputs influences behaviour, and suggests how technology, leadership and governance should be aligned to make partnerships work., Multi-stakeholder partnering has become the 'new mantra' of decision-makers in business, government and civil society. Yet our understanding of what drives success and failure in these institutions remains incomplete. The book introduces a production theory which describes how the relationship between contributions and outputs influences behaviour, and suggests how technology, leadership and governance should be aligned to make partnerships work.]

Abstrak :
[The internationalization of the human society and mainly of the economy will continue. It will create threats but also big opportunities to most companies. This is where the book makes its contribution, putting forward suggestions for medium-sized companies to become a winner of internationalization. After a comprehensive introduction to internationalization and to strategic planning, concrete recommendations are made. The book first looks at going international for new markets. Then it shows how to develop an internationalization strategy for production and sourcing. Finally strategic planning in an international company is explained. , The internationalization of the human society and mainly of the economy will continue. It will create threats but also big opportunities to most companies. This is where the book makes its contribution, putting forward suggestions for medium-sized companies to become a winner of internationalization. After a comprehensive introduction to internationalization and to strategic planning, concrete recommendations are made. The book first looks at going international for new markets. Then it shows how to develop an internationalization strategy for production and sourcing. Finally strategic planning in an international company is explained. ]

Abstrak :
[This book provides the necessary broad overview, which will be of interest to both economists and investors alike. Chapter 1 presents the main issues that are addressed in this book. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 provide the key notions to understand sovereign ratings. Chapter 2 presents an overview of sovereign rating activity since the first such ratings were assigned in 1918. Chapter 3 analyzes the meaning of sovereign ratings and the significance of rating scales; it also describes the refinement of credit rating policies and tools. Chapter 4 focuses on the sovereign rating process. Chapters 5 and 6 open the black box of sovereign ratings. Chapter 5 compares sovereign rating methodologies in the interwar years with those in the modern era. After examining how rating agencies have amended their methodologies since the 1990s, Chapter 6 scrutinizes rating disagreements between credit rating agencies (CRAs). Chapters 7 and 8 measure the performances of sovereign ratings by computing default rates and accuracy ratios: Chapter 7 looks at the interwar years and Chapter 8 at the modern era. The two chapters assess which CRA assigns the most accurate ratings during the respective periods. Chapters 9 and 10 compare the perception of sovereign risk by the CRAs and market participants. Chapter 9 focuses on the relation between JP Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global spreads and emerging countries' sovereign ratings for the period 1993-2007. Chapter 10 compares the eurozone members' sovereign ratings with Credit Default Swap-Implied Ratings (CDS-IRs) during the Greek debt crisis of November 2009-May 2010., This book provides the necessary broad overview, which will be of interest to both economists and investors alike. Chapter 1 presents the main issues that are addressed in this book. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 provide the key notions to understand sovereign ratings. Chapter 2 presents an overview of sovereign rating activity since the first such ratings were assigned in 1918. Chapter 3 analyzes the meaning of sovereign ratings and the significance of rating scales; it also describes the refinement of credit rating policies and tools. Chapter 4 focuses on the sovereign rating process. Chapters 5 and 6 open the black box of sovereign ratings. Chapter 5 compares sovereign rating methodologies in the interwar years with those in the modern era. After examining how rating agencies have amended their methodologies since the 1990s, Chapter 6 scrutinizes rating disagreements between credit rating agencies (CRAs). Chapters 7 and 8 measure the performances of sovereign ratings by computing default rates and accuracy ratios: Chapter 7 looks at the interwar years and Chapter 8 at the modern era. The two chapters assess which CRA assigns the most accurate ratings during the respective periods. Chapters 9 and 10 compare the perception of sovereign risk by the CRAs and market participants. Chapter 9 focuses on the relation between JP Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global spreads and emerging countries' sovereign ratings for the period 1993-2007. Chapter 10 compares the eurozone members' sovereign ratings with Credit Default Swap-Implied Ratings (CDS-IRs) during the Greek debt crisis of November 2009-May 2010.]

Abstrak :
[This work is an exploration of the global market dynamics, their intrinsic natures, common trends and dynamic inter-linkages during the stock market crises over the last twelve years. The study isolates different phases of crisis and differentiates between any crisis that remains confined to the region and those that take up a global dimension. The latent structure of the global stock market, the inter-regional and intra-regional stock market dynamics around the crises are analyzed to get a complete picture of the structure of the global stock market. The study further probing into the inherent nature of the global stock market in generating crisis finds the global market to be chaotic thus making the system intrinsically unstable or at best to follow knife-edge stability. The findings have significant bearing at theoretical level and on policy decisions., This work is an exploration of the global market dynamics, their intrinsic natures, common trends and dynamic inter-linkages during the stock market crises over the last twelve years. The study isolates different phases of crisis and differentiates between any crisis that remains confined to the region and those that take up a global dimension. The latent structure of the global stock market, the inter-regional and intra-regional stock market dynamics around the crises are analyzed to get a complete picture of the structure of the global stock market. The study further probing into the inherent nature of the global stock market in generating crisis finds the global market to be chaotic thus making the system intrinsically unstable or at best to follow knife-edge stability. The findings have significant bearing at theoretical level and on policy decisions.]

Abstrak :
[The idea of self-regulation as an instrument capable of mitigating socially undesirable practices in industries, such as corruption, environmental degradation, or the violation of human rights, is receiving substantial consideration in theory and practice. By approaching this phenomenon with the theory of the New Institutional Economics, Jan Sammeck develops an analytical approach that points out the critical mechanisms which decide about the effectiveness of this instrument. By integrating theory with practical examples of self-regulation, this study highlights the necessity to look at the institutional incentives of an industry, in order to come to a sound judgement about the feasibility and effectiveness of this instrument in a given situation., The idea of self-regulation as an instrument capable of mitigating socially undesirable practices in industries, such as corruption, environmental degradation, or the violation of human rights, is receiving substantial consideration in theory and practice. By approaching this phenomenon with the theory of the New Institutional Economics, Jan Sammeck develops an analytical approach that points out the critical mechanisms which decide about the effectiveness of this instrument. By integrating theory with practical examples of self-regulation, this study highlights the necessity to look at the institutional incentives of an industry, in order to come to a sound judgement about the feasibility and effectiveness of this instrument in a given situation.]

Abstrak :
[The reference bookreviews and presents systematically the use of Internet in administration and politics. A process-oriented layer model defines the options of exchange and participation forall claim groups covering these topics: eAssistance, eProcurement, eService, eContracting, eSettlement, eCollaboration, eDemocracy, and eCommunity. Case studies show practical applications in industry, administration and research. , The reference bookreviews and presents systematically the use of Internet in administration and politics. A process-oriented layer model defines the options of exchange and participation forall claim groups covering these topics: eAssistance, eProcurement, eService, eContracting, eSettlement, eCollaboration, eDemocracy, and eCommunity. Case studies show practical applications in industry, administration and research. ]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Studi ini berusaha mempelajari pengaruh keterbukaan ekonomi pada tabungan nasional bruto dan permintaan masyarakat atas barang final produksi dalam negeri, dengan kasus Indonesia tahun 1968 - 1990. Ada tiga alasan mengapa studi ini dilakukan : Pertama-tama, adalah adanya pertentangan pendapat antara teori Export-led Growth dan teori Dependensia. Teori yang pertama mengemukakan bahwa keterbukaan ekonomi, melalui pengembangan kapasitas impor modal, memberikan pengaruh positif pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan tabungan nasional bruto dan permintaan masyarakat atas barang final produksi dalam negeri. Sedangkan teori kedua menyatakan bahwa pengaruh keterbukaan ekonomi memberikan pengaruh negatif pada pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan pada gilirannya pada tabungan nasional bruto dan permintaan masyarakat atas barang final produksi dalam negeri.

Kedua, temuan Thirlwall. dalam studinya tentang Export-led Growth di Sudan, menunjukkan bahwa ada kecenderungan bahwa kepesatan perkembangan tabungan ternyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kepesatan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Jikalau dikaitkan dengan temuan Chase-Dunn, pengaruh ekspor yang lemah pada pembentukan modal domestik justru akan meningkatkan ketergantungan yang semakin tinggi.

Ketiga, sejak tahun 1967, Indonesia berusaha membuka diri. Mengacu pernyataan Sadli, perubahan sistim terisolasi menjadi sistim terbuka masih mengandung keuntungan yang meragukan, tergantung pada apakah industri dalam negeri mampu menjadi industri yang berorientasi pada ekspor dan mampu mengekspor atau tidak. Sampai tahun 1983, nampaknya pertumbuhan ekspor atas dasar harga konstan 1973 justru semakin rendah, sementara impor atas dasar harga konstan 1973 cenderung tetap. Hal ini akan mempunyai implikasi pada hutang luar negeri. Dalam kasus demikian, pernyataan Sadli diatas perlu memperoleh perhatian khusus.

Dari hasil penelitian ini ada beberapa kesimpulan penting yang dapat diperoleh. Pertama, pengaruh pemasukan modal pemerintah neto pada pertumbuhan ekonomi positif, walaupun tidak nyata. Maknanya adalah bahwa produktivitas investasi pemerintah masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan biaya bunga pinjaman yang harus dibayarkan, walaupun perbedaan itu hampir tidak berarti. Pengaruh yang tak nyata ini diduga karena investasi publik biasanya diarahkan pada prasarana sosial yang yang tidak mempunyai dampak langsung pada pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Sementara itu pengaruh ekspor pada pertumbuhan ekonomi positif. Artinya perkembangan ekspor akan memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam masyarakat, membuktikan kebenaran praduga model Export-led Growth di Indonesia. Pengaruh ekspor pada pertumbuhan ekonomi semakin pesat, karena ekspor itu mampu memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui pertumbuhan permintaan masyarakat atas barang modal, dan melalui ekspor yang melalui kapasitas impor telah meningkatkan sumberdaya internal, yaitu TNB, dengan pesat.

Pemasukan modal swasta memberikan pengaruh negatif yang nyata pada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pengaruh negatif ini di samping akibat dari ekonomi biaya tinggi di Indonesia, terjadi karena perubahan komplementaritas antara pemasukan modal swasta dengan ekspor juga. Dengan struktur ekspor yang didominasi oleh barang tambang dan barang pabrik yang menggunakan bahan Baku impor, kaitan kemuka dan kebelakangnya relatif pendek. Jikalau sektor ekspor ini dikuasai oleh investor asing dengan resiko rate of capital flight yang tinggi serta reinvestasi yang rendah, dapat mengakibatkan multiplier effect dari pemasukan modal swasta yang rendah.

Abstrak :
[A sound theoretical framework presenting the conceptual path that in turn elaborates the tools necessary to explain the intertwined relationship between globalization, corporate culture, national culture and modernization is to be firstly developed. The design of this dissertation aims to embed in this theoretical framework methodologically reliable empirical data rather than fragmented personal experiences in regard to the intercultural processes within German enterprises as a result of internationalization and globalization., A sound theoretical framework presenting the conceptual path that in turn elaborates the tools necessary to explain the intertwined relationship between globalization, corporate culture, national culture and modernization is to be firstly developed. The design of this dissertation aims to embed in this theoretical framework methodologically reliable empirical data rather than fragmented personal experiences in regard to the intercultural processes within German enterprises as a result of internationalization and globalization.]