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Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Benzo(a)pyrene merupakan salah satu golongan PAH yangdiklasifikasikan sebagai senyawa yang bersifat karsinogen (probably carcinogenic)pada manusia dan hewan. Setelah terpajanan, benzo(a)pyrene yang masuk kedalamtubuh manusia melalui jalur inhalasi, langsung terabsorpsi didalam tubuh danterdistribusi dalam paru, kulit dan hati, lalu berikatan dengan DNA, RNA dan protein. Setelah memasuki tubuh manusia dan biotransformasi, Benzo(a)pyrene diekskresikan dalam bentuk metabolit terhidroksilasi dalam urin atau feses. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) dalam urin merupakan metabolit yang paling umum digunakan sebagai biomarker pajanan dari senyawa benzo(a)pyrene. Pengukuran konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene dilakukan pada tiga titik di setiap sekolah menggunakan sorben tube dengan filter charcoal, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode fluoresensi. Analisis 1-hydroxypyrene dalam urin dilakukan menggunakan HPLC dengan detektor fluoresensi. Tujuan: untuk melihat hubungan paparan benzo(a)pyrene terhadap konsentrasi 1-hydroxypyrene pada urin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 76 orang, pembagian sampel di buat secara probability proportional to size (PPS), pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil: Rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara indoor sekolah dasar negeri di sekitar ruas jalan utama Jakarta Barat sebesar 0,0059 mg/m3, dan rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara outdoor yaitu 0,0031 mg/m3. Rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara indoor pada sekolah terpajan tinggi yaitu 5,6 kali lebih tinggi (0,0102 mg/m3) di bandingkan sekolah yang terpajan terpajan rendah (0,0018 mg/m3). Rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa sekolah dasar negeri di sekitar ruas jalan utama Jakarta Barat adalah 12,146 μmol/mol kreatinin. Rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa sekolah terpajan tinggi 1,2 kali lebih besar (13,363 μmol/mol kreatinin) di bandingkan sekolah terpajan rendah (10,929 μmol/mol kreatinin). Kesimpulan: Hubungan pajanan BaP di udara indooor terhadap konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa berpola positif dimana terdapat korelasi positif antara pajanan BaP di udara indoor terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa (r=0,229) artinya semakin tinggi pajanan BaP di udara indoor maka semakin tinggi konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa. Hasil uji statistik menjelaskan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan BaP di udara indoor dengan konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa (p=0,046). ...... Introduction: Benzo(a)pyrene is a class of PAH which is classified as a carcinogenic compound (probably carcinogenic) in humans and animals. After exposure, benzo(a)pyrene which enters the human body through inhalation pathways, is directly absorbed in the body and distributed in the lungs, skin, and liver, then binds to DNA, RNA, and protein. After entering the human body and biotransformation, benzo(a)pyrene is excreted in the form of hydroxylated metabolites in urine or feces. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine is the most common metabolite used as exposure biomarkers of benzo(a)pyrene compounds. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration measurements were carried out at three points in each school using tube sorbents with charcoal filters and analyzed using the fluorescence method. Analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine is carried out using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Objective: To see the relationship of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene to urine 1-hydroxypyrene concentration. Method: This study is a quantitative study with a crosssectional design, the sample in this study amounted to 76 people, the sample distribution was made by probability proportional to size (PPS), the sampling used purposive sampling. Results: The average BaP concentration in the indoor air of public elementary schools around the West Jakarta's main road segment is 0.0059 mg/m3, and the average BaP concentration in outdoor air is 0.0031 mg/m3. The average BaP concentration in indoor air in high exposed schools is 5.6 times higher (0.0102 mg/m3) compared to schools exposed to a low exposure (0.0018 mg/m3). The average 1-OHP concentration in the urine of public elementary school students around the West Jakarta main road segment is 12.146 μmol/mol creatinine. The average concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of high-exposed school students was 1.2 times greater (13,363 μmol/mol creatinine) compared to low-exposed schools (10,929 μmol/mol creatinine). Conclusion: The relationship of BaP exposure in indoor air to the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students was positively patterned where there was a positive correlation between BaP exposure in indoor air to an increase in 1-OHP concentration in the urine of students (r = 0.229) meaning higher exposure to indoor air the higher the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students. The results of the statistical test explained that there was a significant relationship between exposure to BaP in indoor air and the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students (p = 0.046).

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Fungsi eksekutif adalah kemampuan kognitif untuk melakukan tugas-tugas eksekutif yang kompleks dengan baik dalam mencapai tujuan sehingga berhubungan erat juga dengan aspek perilaku. Setiap orang termasuk anak, memiliki kapasitas fungsi eksekutif yang berbeda dan tidak sepenuhnya dipengaruhi oleh status sosial maupun ekonomi. Gangguan fungsi eksekutif pada anak SD cukup tinggi. Defisit fungsi eksekutif dapat menyebabkan masalah yang serius pada anak. Pada anak usia sekolah dasar (SD), defisit fungsi eksekutif yang tidak teridentifikasi dapat meningkatkan risiko seorang anak mengalami hambatan dalam perilaku sehari-hari dan performa akademik sehingga menimbulkan kebingungan dan kecemasan pada orang tua dan guru. Anak dengan fungsi eksekutif rendah cenderung kesulitan mengenali tanda-tanda sosial, kesulitan mengatur perilaku, dan bermasalah pada kemampuan belajar. Oleh karena itu, intervensi terhadap fungsi eksekutif pada anak menjadi sesuatu yang penting untuk dilakukan. Intervensi berupa pelatihan fungsi eksekutif menggunakan gim berbasis komputer merupakan intervensi yang banyak dikembangkan belakangan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas intervensi prototipe gim berbasis komputer Indonesia terhadap peningkatan fungsi eksekutif anak SD. Metode: Penelitian ini berbentuk kuasi-eksperimental yang menggunakan desain penelitian time series. Subjek penelitian akan dilakukan penilaian menggunakan BRIEF-BI format guru sebanyak 4 kali, yaitu pre-intervensi, post 5 sesi intervensi, post 10 sesi intervensi, dan 1 bulan pasca intervensi. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji non-parametrik Friedman dilanjutkan dengan analisis post-hoc dengan uji Bonferroni. Hasil: Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 14 orang anak SD berusia 11-12 tahun. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan peningkatan di seluruh ranah fungsi eksekutif yang diukur dengan membandingkan skor BRIEF sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Perubahan skor GEC setelah intervensi (p<0,001), skala inhibisi (p<0,001), skala adaptasi (p<0,001), skala kontrol emosional (p=0,003), skala inisiasi (p<0,001), skala memori kerja (p<0,001), skala perencanaan (p<0,001), pengorganisasian material (p<0,001), dan monitor (p<0,001). Hasil analisis post-hoc menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fungsi eksekutif secara umum terjadi setelah 10 sesi intervensi dan tetap bertahan pada pengukuran satu bulan setelah selesai intervensi. Simpulan: Pelatihan dengan intervensi Prototipe Gim Berbasis Komputer Indonesia dapat meningkatkan fungsi eksekutif anak SD yang bukan GPPH pada seluruh ranah fungsi eksekutif yang dinilai dengan BRIEF-BI format guru. Peningkatan fungsi eksekutif pada anak SD bertahan setelah satu bulan pasca pelatihan. ......Background: Executive function is the cognitive ability to perform complex executive tasks well in order to achieve a goal, so that it is also closely related to behavioral aspects. Every person, including children, has a different capacity of executive functions and is not entirely affected by social or economic status. Impaired executive functions in elementary school children remain high. Executive function deficits can cause a serious problem in children. In elementary school-aged children, an unidentified executive function deficit can increase the risk of hindrance in daily behavior and academic performance, causing confusion and anxiety in parents and teachers. Children with weak executive functions tend to have difficulties in recognizing social signs, controling behavior, and have problems with learning abilities. Therefore, intervention on executive function in children is important to be performed. Inteventions in the form of executive function training using computer-based games have been developed recently. This study aims to determine the effectivity of Indonesian computer-based game protoype intervention in improving the executive function of elementary school children. Methods: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with time-series analysis. Research subjects was assessed using BRIEF-BI teacher format in a total of 4 times, including pre-intevention, post-5 intervention sessions, post-10 intervention sessions, and 1-month post-intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman non-parametric test followed by post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni test. Results: The subjects of this study were 14 children in elementary school aged 11-12 years old. Results from the analysis showed improvement in all areas of executive function measured by comparing BRIEF score before and after the intervention. Changes in GEC score after intervention (p<0.001), the inhibit scale (p<0.001), the shift scale (p<0.001), the emotional control scale (p=0.003), the initiate scale (p<0.001), the working memory scale (p<0.001), the plan/organize scale (p<0.001), the organization of materials scale (p<0.001), and the monitor scale (p<0.001). Results of the post-hoc analysis showed that the improvement of executive function generally occured after 10 intervention sessions and persisted in the measurement of one month after the intervention has been completed. Conclusion: Training with the intervention of Indonesian computer-based game prototype can improve the executive function of elementary school children without ADHD in all areas of executive function measured by the BRIEF-BI teacher format. The improvement of executive function in elementary school children persisted after one month post-intervention.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas tentang kegemukan dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya pada siswa SD X di Bekasi tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran prevalensi kegemukan dan membuktikan konsumsi junk food sebagai faktor dominan dari kegemukan pada populasi studi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasional pada siswa kelas IV dan V SD X di Bekasi selama bulan April 2017. Proses pengambilan data meliputi pengukuran antropometri menggunakan microtoise dan timbangan yang telah divalidasi, wawancara food recall 24 jam, dan pengisian angket untuk mengetahui informasi terkait pola makan dan aktivitas fisik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 55,9 siswa yang gemuk IMT/U Z-score > 1,00. Faktor risiko yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan dengan kegemukan adalah asupan energi, asupan lemak, konsumsi junk food, jenis kelamin, dan berat badan lahir. Konsumsi junk food terbukti sebagai faktor dominan. Peneliti merekomendasikan upaya peningkatan edukasi gizi dan kontrol terhadap konsumsi junk food. ......This study explores overweight obesity and the risk factors in students of SD X Bekasi 2017. The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of overweight obesity and to determine its dominant factor in the study population. This study uses cross sectional design with observational approach to grade 4 and 5 students of SD X Bekasi in April 2017. The collection data processes are consist of anthropometric measurement using calibrated microtoise and digital weight scale and dietary assessment using 24 hour food recall interview and self administer questionnaire about dietary and physical activity pattern. The result of this study shows that 55,9 students are overweight obese BMI Z score 1,00. The risk factors that have significant difference with overweight obesity are energy intake, fat intake, junk food consumption, sex, and birth weight. Junk food consumption is identified as the dominant factor. Recommendations from this study are to increase nutritional education and to control junk food consumption.

Abstrak :
Cukup besar persentase kejadian gizi lebih (16,82 %) hasil survei awal di SD Islam Al-Falah Jambi dan dampak gizi lebih sebagai faktor risiko berbagai penyakit degeneratif melatar belakangi penelitian yang dilaksanakan di SD Islam Al Falah Jambi pada bulan Maret 2003 yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran status gizi, mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan makan, konsumsi makanan, aktivitas fisik, karakteristik_orang tua dan anak, serta body image. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan Cara pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling. Sampel adalah murid kelas IV -- VI dengan jumlah 122 orang. Analisa data dilakukan dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan proporsi responden dengan status gizi lebih sebesar 39,3 % dan gizi tidak lebih sebesar 60,7 %. Hasil analisis menemukan adanya hubungan berrnakna antara konsumsi energi, lemak, karbohidrat, konsumsi protein, pola makan, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi fast food, kebiasaan nonton televisi/game, dan pendapatan perkapita dengan status gizi lebih. Hasil penelitian tidak dapat membuktikan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, jenis kelamin, jumlah anak, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, status bekerja ibu, kebiasaan makan pagi, kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi junk food, kebiasaan olahraga, lama waktu tidur, dan body image. Disimpulkan tingginya prevalensi gizi lebih (39,3 %) berhubungan dengan pola makan, konsumsi energi, konsumsi lemak, konsumsi karbohidrat- konsumsi protein, nonton televisi/main game, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi fast .food dan pendapatan perkapita serta lebih ditentukan oleh variabel konsumsi karbohidrat, kebiasaan makan fast food, pendapatan perkapita dan terutama sekali didominasi oleh pola makan. Dapat disarankan bagi Dinas Kesehatan, pihak sekolah dan orang tua perlu bekerja sama untuk mengatasi gizi lebih melalui pengaturan pola makan, konsumsi (energi, lemak, karbohidrat, protein), makan fast food, nonton televisi/main game, serta pendapatan perkapita. Daftar Bacaan: 126 (1986 - 2002)

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Relationship between Food Consumption, Food Habits, and other Factors with Nutritional Status of Al Falah Jambi Islamic Elementary School Children, Year 2003The moderate prevalence of over nutrition (16,82 %) from early survey, and over nutrition as one of risk factors in nutrition that leads to degenerative disease is background of this study which carried out at Al Falah Islamic Primary School in Jambi, March 2003 as the objective study to description of nutritional status, relation with food habits, food consumption, physical activities, child and parent characteristics, and body image. This study uses cross-sectional design with simple random sampling method. Samples are student in grade IV-VI, total samples 122 students. Data analysis uses chi square and multi logistic regression. This study have found a proportion of a 39,3% with overweight" and of 60,7% with "non-overweight," From analysis there was significant relation between energy consumption, fat, carbohydrates, protein, food pattern, fast food consumption, watching television or playing game habit, and per capita income with over nutrition status, but there was no significance relation between age, sex, number of children, parent education, work status of mother, breakfast habit, junk food consumption, sport habits, time to sleep, and body image. This study concluded that over nutrition prevalent (39,3%) had relation with food pattern, intake of energy, fat, protein, time to watch TV/or play game habits, habit to eat fast food and per capita income, more determinant variables were intake of carbohydrate, fast food consumption, and per capita income, and the predominant variable was food pattern. We recommend to Provincial Health Office, school and parent to cooperate in order to reduce over nutrition problem among children by controlling food pattern, nutrition intake such as energy fat, carbohydrate and protein, fast food consumption, watching TV/playing game habits. Reference: 126 (1986 - 2002)

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
This study has been conducted to obtain possible correlation between Calcium concentration in the enamel of Incisive deciduous teeth of 6 to S years children in the Elementary school and tee caries experience of the same teeth.

The hypothesis is teat the caries experience is in parallel correlation with the Calcium concentration of, the affected teeth. The cross sectional study involves 53 selected children among 327 children examinee. Factor which influences the concentration of Calcium in tr7e enamel is the intake of Calcium of samples when they were still babies, whereas factor which influences caries is the plaque. It is found that there is no correlation between higher Calcium concentration and less caries experience (p>0.005). There is no significant difference in the concentration of Calcium between negative and positive caries children (p >. 0.05).

No significant difference is also found in the intakes Calcium of samples when they were still babies correlated with the concentration of Calcium in the enamel of samples (p > 0.05). There is no significant correlation between the caries experience and the plaque level 0.05).

The hypothesis is not supported by the data obtained. Higher Calcium concentration in enamel is not related to less caries experience. Longitudinal study which involves higher sample number is needed to observe the interaction of one variable to another to achieve better result of the similar study.

Abstrak :
Kejadian stunting pada masa anak-anak masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas, 2013) prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 5-12 di Indonesia sebesar 30,7%. Faktor nutrisi telah diketahui sebagai penyebab kejadian stunting. Namun, beberapa penelitian menemukan adanya kontribusi genetik terhadap penyerapan kalsium yang akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, yaitu gen vitamin D receptor (VDR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor genetik dan nutrisi terhadap height-for-age Z-core (HAZ) pada anak sekolah dasar di kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini melibatkan 142 anak sekolah dasar berusia 8-10 tahun. Pengukuran tinggi badan dilakukan untuk menghitung HAZ pada anak-anak. Asupan energi, protein, kalsium dan vitamin D diperoleh dengan 24-hour dietary recall selama 4 hari. Dua SNP yang terletak pada daerah promoter dari gen VDR dipilih (rs11568820 dan rs4516035); dan distribusi genotipnya dianalisis menggunakan Real Time PCR. Faktor lain seperti karakteristik sosiodemografi, riwayat penyakit menular dan skor paparan sinar matahari diperoleh dengan kuesioner terstruktur, dan kuesioner paparan sinar matahari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting sebesar 21,8%. Asupan makan sebagian besar kurang terpenuhi, khususnya asupan kalsium dan vitamin D. Distribusi genotip rs11568820 adalah TT (19%), CT (43,7%) dan CC (37,3%). Sedangkan distribusi genotip rs4516035 adalah TT (90,8%) dan CT (9,2%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara asupan energi dan protein terhadap HAZ (p=0,030 dan p=0,016), tetapi tidak pada asupan kalsium dan vitamin D. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara polimorfisme kedua SNP gen VDR dengan HAZ (p>0,05). Setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor-faktor lainnya, asupan protein secara signifikan berkolerasi dengan HAZ (β=0,034, 95% CI 0,016 – 0,053, p<0,001, adj. R2=0,077). Efek dari aktivitas gen VDR kemungkinan tidak terlihat karena rendahnya asupan vitamin D yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium yang kemudian akan mempengaruhi HAZ. ......Childhood stunting remains as a major public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. According to Indonesia Basic Health Research (Riskesdas, 2013) the prevalence of stunting among children aged 5-12 years old in Indonesia was 30.7%. Nutrition factors has been known as a predominant factors associated with stunting. However, some studies discovered a genetic contribution in calcium absorption that will affect growth of the children, known as vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. The aim of this present study was to assess the association between genetic and nutritional factors related to height-forage Z-score (HAZ) of elementary school children in Malang District, East Java. The study design was a cross-sectional study which began on 2018. In this study, 142 children aged 8-10 years old were included. Height measurement was obtained to calculate HAZ of the children. Dietary intake consist of energy, protein, calcium and vitamin D intake were obtained using 4 days 24-hour dietary recall. Two SNPs located in the promoter region of VDR gene were selected (rs11568820 and rs4516035); its genotype distribution were analyzed using Real Time PCR system. Other factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, history of infectious diseases and sun exposure score were assessed using structured questionnaire and sun exposure questionnaire. The result showed that the prevalence of stunting was 21.8%. Dietary intake were mostly inadequate, especially for calcium and vitamin D intake. Genotype distribution of rs11568820 was TT (19%), CT (43.7%), and CC (37.3). While for rs4516035 the distribution was TT (90.8%) and CT (9.2%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between energy and protein intake with HAZ of the children (p=0.030 and p=0.016, respectively), but not with calcium and vitamin D intakes. There were no significant association between VDR gene polymorphism for both SNPs and HAZ of the children (p>0.05). Adjusted by other factors, protein intake was significantly correlated with HAZ (β=0.034, 95% CI 0.016 – 0.053, p<0.001, adj. R2=0.077). The effect of VDR gene promoter activity might not revealed due to very low vitamin D intake to stimulates intestinal calcium absorption which in turn affect HAZ.

Abstrak :
Empati dan kemampuan mengatur emosi yang baik penting dimiliki anak untuk memiliki kualitas hidup dan hubungan sosial yang baik,. Defisit empati dan masalah emosi pada anak dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada perkembangan, kualitas hidup, dan hubungan sosial dengan teman serta saudara. Penelitian ini mencari hubungan empati dengan masalah emosi pada anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik potong lintang dengan sampel sejumlah 384 yang diambil secara acak dari 620 yang didapatkan secara daring dan langsung. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbahasa Indonesia untuk menilai empati anak dan kuesioner SDQ untuk menilai masalah emosi anak. Kedua kuesioner tersebut diisi oleh orangtua anak sekolah dasar yang telah setuju untuk mengikuti penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square dan uji korelasi Rank Spearman pada SPSS Windows versi 20. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara empati dengan masalah emosi pada laki-laki, perempuan dan seluruh sampel serta terdapat korelasi berbanding terbalik yang bermakna antara empati dan masalah emosi dengan koefisien korelasi. Hubungan bermakna antara empati dan masalah emosi menunjukkan bahwa anak dengan empati tinggi cenderung lebih sering memunyai masalah emosi dibandingkan anak dengan empati yang rendah.

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In order to have good quality of life and social relationships, empathy skills and ability to regulate emotion are important for children. Empathy deficits and emotional problems can cause interference child development, quality of life and social relationships with friends and relatives. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between empathy skills and emotional problems in primary school children. This was a cross-sectional study with 384 samples taken randomly from 620 existing data. The instrument used in this study is that has been validated in Indonesian version to determine the level of childrens empathy skills and the SDQ to determine the emotional problems in children. Both of the questionnaire filled out by primary student parents who have agreed to participate in this study. Data analysis was performed by Chi-Square test and Rank Spearman correlation test on SPSS for Windows version 20. Based on the analysis results, there was a significant relationship between empathy skills and emotional problem in boys, girls and there was a negative significant correlation between empathy skills and emotional problems. The significan relationship between empathy skills and emotional problems in primary school children showed that children with better empathy skills are tend to have an emotional problems than children with low empathy skills.

Abstrak :
Tingginya tingkat stres yang dialami oleh ibu, terutama yang memiliki anak di usia sekolah dasar, membuat ibu harus melakukan strategi coping. Salah satu sumber daya internal yang dapat membantu ibu dalam melakukan coping adaptif adalah mindful parenting. Belum banyak penelitian yang meneliti hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara mindful parenting dengan strategi coping stres pada ibu yang memiliki anak usia sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan partisipan ibu yang memiliki anak usia sekolah dasar di Indonesia. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale yang disusun oleh Duncan et al., (2009) untuk mengukur mindful parenting dan Brief-COPE oleh Carver (1997) untuk mengukur strategi coping. Dengan menguji 314 ibu (M = 35,54, SD = 4,837), penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara mindful parenting dan strategi coping adaptif dan berkorelasi secara negatif dan signifikan dengan strategi coping maladaptif. ......The high level of stress experienced by mothers, especially those who have children at elementary school age, caused mothers execute coping strategies. One of the internal resources that can help mothers in doing adaptive coping is mindful parenting. Not many studies have examined the relationship between these two variables.  Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between mindful parenting and stress coping strategies for mothers who have children of elementary school age. . This study is a correlational study with mothers who have elementary school-aged children in Indonesia. The measuring instrument used is the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale compiled by Duncan et al., (2009) to measure mindful parenting and the Brief-COPE by Carver (1997) to measure coping strategies. By testing 314 mothers (M = 35.54, SD = 4.837), this study showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between mindful parenting and adaptive coping strategies, also a significant and negative correlation found with maladaptive coping strategies.

Abstrak :
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesian elementary school chair modification and to determine the proper holding position when transporting chairs during class activities for children aged 6-8 years old. Participants included 14 healthy, right-handed Indonesian and Japanese children. The effectiveness of the modification was examined by comparing the original chair (OR) and modified chairs (MD), first in the lower (LHP) and second in the higher (HHP) holding positions using three measurements, namely task time, using an electromyography (EMG) technique while carrying a chair, and measuring success rates for proper lifting and turning a chair methods. The use of the chair (MD and LHP) significantly reduced task time and significantly decreased the activity of the middle fiber of the deltoid muscle. However, for lifting and turning a chair onto a desk, these strategies did not eliminate the influence of excessive chair weight and discouraged easy task completion.