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"This undergraduate thesis covers policies, phenomena, and critical situations in Indonesian economy during the period of 1980 through 2005. This long period is divided into two periods: policy reform era in 1988-1997 and post crisis era in 1998-2005. In order to be able to properly identify the most binding constraint of Indonesian economy and to compare it to other economies, the method used is fixed effect model or least square dummy variables. The empirical results and narrative analysis suggest that the most binding constraint during the two periods is educational attainment. The most interesting result is the meager influence of institutions quality on economic activity during the New Order Era but increasing after it. Another staggering result is that the financial and banking deregulations implied by access to sound money were negatively related to growth. The results also indicate that Indonesia needs to sharpen its expenditure on productive sectors. In addition, democracy needs good treatment in the long term."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh indeks gini di Indonesia yang terus meningkat, sehingga pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia diduga tidak inklusif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengukur keinklusifan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dan di provinsi dengan menggunakan pendekatan social mobility curve dan growth incidence curve, serta menganalisis determinannya. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fixed effect model dengan periode penelitian tahun 2008 sampai 2012. Jika menggunakan pengukuran social mobil curve pertumbuhan di Indonesia maupun provinsi rata-rata inklusif, sebaliknya jika menggunakan pengukuran growth incidence curve rata-rata tidak inklusif. Determinan pertumbuhan inklusif meliputi pendidikan, jaminan kesehatan, dan akses kredit. Pendidikan berdampak positif terhadap keinklusifan, sebaliknya jaminan kesehatan dan akses kredit berdampak negatif.

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ABSTRACT

This research is motivated by the Gini index in Indonesia continues to increase, so that economic growth in Indonesia was allegedly not inclusive. The purpose of this research to measure the inclusiveness of economic growth in Indonesia and at the province by using the approach of social mobility curve and growth incidence curve, after that analyze the determinant. The model used in this research is the fixed effect model with research period from 2008 to 2012. If using social mobility curve measurement growth in Indonesia and the province relative inclusive, otherwise if using growth incidence curve measurement relative not inclusive. Determinants of inclusive growth include education, health insurance, and access to credit. Education have positive impact to inclusiveness, otherwise health insurance and access to credit have negative impact."

"Tesis ini membahas penentu kesuksesan daerah otonomi baru kabupaten yang mengalami pemekaran. Data dianalisis dengan dua cara yaitu analisis deskriptif dan metode ekonometrika panel data, tahun 2004 - 2013 terhadap 47 kabupaten daerah otonom baru yang dimekarkan pada tahun 2003. Melalui estimasi fixed effect model, ditemukan bahwa keberhasilan daerah otonomi baru dari sisi PDRB perkapita didorong oleh DAU perkapita dan PAD perkapita, sedangkan dari sisi PAD perkapita didorong oleh DAU perkapita, service dan pengeluaran barang jasa.

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This research analyzed of the success determinant of new regions fragmentaion district. The data were analyzed in two ways: a descriptive analysis and econometric data panel method, years 2004 ? 2013 to the 47 new outonomous regions that fragmentated in 2003. By means of the estimation of fixed effect model, it was discovered that the success of new autonomous regions in term of GDP per capita driven by general allocation grant percapita and own source revenue percapita, while in term own source revenue percapita driven by general allocation grant percapita, services and good and service expenditure."

"Dewasa ini, kesadaran publik terhadap akuntabilitas pemerintah semakin meningkat. Masyarakat menjadi semakin kritis dalam mengevaluasi kinerja lembaga publik. Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran kinerja organisasi adalah balanced scorecard (BSC). BSC merupakan suatu sistem manajemen untuk membantu menerjemahkan visi dan misi organisasi menjadi sebuah strategi dalam pencapaian visi tersebut, serta melakukan pengukuran kinerja organisasi berdasarkan 4 (empat) perspektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak penerapan balanced scorecard terhadap nilai kinerja organisasi pada Kementerian dan Lembaga. Metode yang penulis gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Dari estimasi, diperoleh hasil bahwa BSC berpengaruh sebesar 1,179 poin terhadap nilai kinerja organisasi. Ketika dilakukan estimasi terpisah antara Kementerian dan Non Kementerian ternyata BSC tidak berpengaruh pada sub sample Kementerian, sedangkan pada sub sample Non Kementerian BSC berpengaruh sebesar 2,755 poin. Ini berarti bahwa penerapan BSC tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap nilai kinerja organisasi pada Kementerian dan Lembaga.

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Nowadays, public awareness of government accountability is increasing. The public is becoming more critical in evaluating the performance of public institutions. One of the methods used in measuring organizational performance is the balanced scorecard (BSC). BSC is a management system to help translate the vision and mission of the organization into a strategy in achieving the vision, as well as measuring organizational performance based on 4 (four) perspectives. This study aims to find out how the impact of the application of the balanced scorecard on the value of organizational performance in Ministries and Institutions. The method that the author used in this study was the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). From the estimate, the results were obtained that BSC had an effect of 1,179 points on the value of organizational performance. When a separate estimate was carried out between Ministries and Non-Ministries, it turned out that BSC had no effect on the Ministry sub-sample, while in the Non-Ministerial sub-sample BSC had an effect of 2,755 points. This means that the application of BSC does not have much effect on the value of organizational performance in Ministries and Institutions."

"Tesis ini melihat kajian mengenai demokrasi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi saat ini menghasilkan hubungan yang ambigu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi hubungan demokrasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Indonesia. Model yang digunakan adalah fixed effect model, dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 374. Berdasarkan estimasi di level provinsi, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan demokrasi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi signifikan positif.

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The focus of this studies observes that current studies on democracy and economic growth produce an ambiguous relationship. This study aims to estimate the relationship between democracy and regional economic growth in Indonesia. The model used a fixed effect model, with a total of 374 observations. Based on the estimation at the provincial level, the results show that the relationship between democracy and economic growth is significantly positive."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebijakan pengalihan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB P2) dan Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB) terhadap penerimaan PBB dan BPHTB Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data panel fixed effect selama periode 2006-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kebijakan pengalihan PBB P2 tidak berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan penerimaan PBB Kabupaten/Kota sedangkan kebijakan pengalihan BPHTB berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan penerimaan BPHTB Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia. Variabel kontrol yang turut mempengaruhi penerimaan PBB dan BPHTB yaitu PDRB per Kapita, Kepadatan Penduduk, dan Kemiskinan. Selain itu, daerah penghasil Sumber Daya Alam Migas dan Panas Bumi terbukti mendapatkan penerimaan PBB yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan daerah bukan penghasil. Daerah Pemekaran Wilayah juga terbukti mendapatkan penerimaan PBB dan BPHTB yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan daerah yang tidak mengalami pemekaran wilayah.

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This study aims to determine the effect of the devolution of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB P2) and Land and Building Rights Acquisition Fees (BPHTB) on the Revenues of PBB and BPHTB of District and City in Indonesia. The analysis was carried out using fixed effect panel data for the period 2006-2019. The results showed that the P2 PBB devolution had no significant effect on increasing District/City PBB revenues, while the BPHTB devolution had a significant effect on increasing District/City BPHTB revenues in Indonesia. Control variables that also affect PBB and BPHTB revenues are GDP per Capita, Population Density, and Poverty. In addition, regions producing Oil and Gas and Geothermal Natural Resources are proven to receive higher PBB revenues than non-producing regions. Regions with regional expansion have also been shown to receive higher PBB and BPHTB revenues than regions that did not experience regional expansion."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan pengeluaran publik pemerintah daerah dan angka kematian bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus pengeluaran publik kesehatan dengan menggunakan data panel Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2005 ? 2008. Pendekatan model data panel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Fixed Effect Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran publik kesehatan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap penurunan angka kematian bayi. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa variabel kontrol lain memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap penurunan angka kematian bayi.

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This study aims to analyze the relationship between local spending and infant mortality rate in the Province of West Java from the year of 2005 to 2008. The model developed for this study is fixed effect model of panel data regression. The result show that local spending on health and control variables have a statistically significant in reduce infant mortality rate.;This study aims to analyze the relationship between local spending and infant mortality rate in the Province of West Java from the year of 2005 to 2008. The model developed for this study is fixed effect model of panel data regression. The result show that local spending on health and control variables have a statistically significant in reduce infant mortality rate."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang analisis pengaruh kredit perbankan dan tenaga kerja sektoral terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode data panel mulai tahun 2002 ? 2008. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan kredit dan tenaga kerja sektoral terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah baik total kredit maupun kredit investasi serta tenaga kerja sektoral memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Berdasarkan model fixed effect cross section specific coefficients, semua variabel kredit di tiap sektor memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kecuali variabel kredit sektor pertambangan dan penggalian. Dimana kredit sektor pertambangan dan penggalian kurang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Demikian juga dengan semua variabel tenaga kerja di tiap sektor memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kecuali tenaga kerja sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih serta tenaga kerja sektor pertanian kurang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sedangkan tenaga kerja sektor pertambangan dan penggalian pengaruhnya negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.

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This research discusses the impact of the credit to economic growth in Indonesia, with panel data method sectoral analysis 2002-2008. The objectives of the paper are to describe the influence of sectoral credit and employment growth to the economic growth. The results of this research is sectoral credit and employment growth have positive impact to the economic growth. Based on fixed effect cross section specific coefficients model, credit in each sector has a positive impact to the economic growth, except credit in mining and quarrying sector. Whereas credit in mining and quarrying sector has a very little impact to the economic growth. All sectoral employment variables have positive impact to the economic growth except employment in electricity, gas and water supply sector and also agriculture employment. These two employment sector have a little impact to the economic growth. On the other hand, employment in mining and quarrying sector has a negative impact to the economic growth."

"Dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan partisipasi penyandang disabilitas sebagai pekerja di sektor formal, Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan kebijakan kuota minimum melalui UU No.8 Tahun 2016. Melalui kebijakan tersebut, institusi pemerintahan ataupun yang berkaitan dengan pemerintan layaknya BUMN atau BUMD wajib mempekerjakan 2% penyandang disabilitas dari total pekerja. Sedangkan perusahaan swasta wajib mempekerjakan 1% penyandang disabilitas dari total pekerja. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh Kebijakan Kuota Minimum terhadap proporsi pekerja penyandang disabilitas di sektor formal pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa. Menggunakan model fixed effect, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan kuota berkorelasi positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap proporsi pekerja penyandang disabilitas di sektor formal. Namun, tren proporsi pekerja penyandang disabilitas di sektor formal periode 2017 – 2022 justru mengalami penurunan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perlunya upaya lebih lanjut dalam implementasi kebijakan secara komprehensif agar dapat meningkatkan proporsi pekerja penyandang disabilitas di sektor formal.

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In order to increase the participation of person with disabilities as workers in the formal sector, the Indonesian government has established a minimum quota policy through Law No. 8 of 2016. Under this policy, the government, state-owned enterprises (BUMN), and regional government-owned enterprises (BUMD) are required to employ 2% disabled individuals out of the total workforce. Meanwhile, private companies are required to employ 1% disabled individuals out of the total workforce. This study analyses the impact of the Minimum Quota Policy on the proportion of disabled workers in the formal sector at the regency/city level in Java Island. Using a fixed effect model, the results of the study indicate that the quota policy is positively correlated and statistically significant to the proportion of disabled workers in the formal sector. However, the trend of the proportion of workers with disabilities in the formal sector during the period 2017 – 2022 actually experienced a decline. This finding indicates the need for further efforts in the comprehensive implementation of policies to increase the proportion of workers with disabilities in the formal sector."

"Titik tolak penelitian ini adalah Undang Undang No. 10 Tahun 1998 pasal 26 dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 29 Tahun 1999 yang mengakibatkan peningkatan kepemilikan asing pada bank-bank di Indonesia. Konsideran peraturan ini salah satunya adalah memperkuat permodalannya untuk menciptakan sistem perbankan yang efisien. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perhitungan nilai efisiensi teknis bank umum konvensional di Indonesia dan menganalisis pengaruh kepemilikan saham bank oleh asing terhadap tingkat efisiensi perbankan. Dengan menggunakan metode non-parametrik DEA ditunjukkan bahwa tingkat efisiensi perbankan di Indonesia masih rendah secara relatif terhadap unit bank yang paling efisien dalam sampel penelitian. Kemudian dari hasil analisis regresi panel Fixed Effect Model disimpulkan bahwa kepemilikan saham bank oleh asing tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat efisiensi perbankan, sementara itu variabel kontrol berupa ukuran bank dan tingkat risiko kredit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat efisiensi perbankan.

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The starting point of this study is Law umber 10/1998 article 26 and Government Regulation number 29/1999 which resulted an increased foreign ownership in banks in Indonesia. One of the considerants of this legislation is to strengthen its capital base to create an efficient banking system. Therefore, this study aimed to examine and analyze the value of the technical efficiency of conventional commercial bank in Indonesia and analyze the impact of foreign's share ownership toward Indonesian bank`s efficiency. By using DEA non-paramethric method, it's indicated that the level of efficiency of banking in Indonesia is low relatively to the most efficient banks unit in sample. Then, from the results of the panel regression analysis Fixed Effect Model concluded that the share ownership by foreign banks do not affect the level of banking efficiency, meanwhile bank`s size and credit risk rate as control variable significantly influence banking efficiency rate."