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"This paper examines the persistent use of yagō, or house names, in one small agricultural township in northeastern Japan. In Tōwa-chō, yagō help differentiate local households by facilitating for families a distinctive identity and a historical continuity that helps them address change. One might have expected modernization to have rendered yagō obsolete. But to the contrary, ethnographic observation in Tōwa-chō reveals that yagō serve a myriad functions that are making their use more popular than ever. By analysing the history, development and contemporary use of yagō in this suburban Iwate prefecture farm community, this paper explains how house names help local residents to contest the anomie and social fragmentation that has become a part of their post-modern lifestyle."

"The process of building a quiet building complex process but wonderful. Process This is not only limited to creating physical forms, but also space, experience, transformation, travel and more senses. Indra and experience accompanied and / or obtained by the study of space through the site, materiality, texture, vegetation and much more. The job of an architect is to produce this experience and create a living environment that combines architectural elements to style a better life of the population. Here's thesis focuses on the process of designing a Greater school of architecture for Project Curtin Curtin University in Perth, Western Australia. The building will be building the new architecture as LOT: F06 SoBE (School of Built Environment) which embodies the new, sustainable building design that responds current needs and the future of the building so that users can have a better experience in the building in relation to aspects mentioned above.

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Proses membangun sebuah bangunan tenang proses yang kompleks namun indah. Proses ini tidak hanya terbatas pada menciptakan bentuk-bentuk fisik, tetapi juga ruang, pengalaman, transformasi, perjalanan dan lebih banyak indera. Indra dan pengalaman yang disertai dan / atau diperoleh dengan studi ruang melalui situs, materialitas, tekstur, vegetasi dan banyak lagi. Tugas seorang arsitek adalah untuk menghasilkan pengalaman ini dan menciptakan lingkungan hidup yang menggabungkan unsur-unsur arsitektur untuk gaya hidup yang lebih baik dari penduduk. tesis sini berfokus pada proses merancang sebuah sekolah arsitektur untuk Greater Curtin Proyek Curtin University di Perth, Australia Barat. Bangunan ini akan menjadi gedung arsitektur baru sebagai LOT: F06 SoBE (School of Built Environment) yang mewujudkan baru, desain bangunan berkelanjutan yang merespon kebutuhan saat ini dan masa depan bangunan sehingga pengguna dapat memiliki pengalaman yang lebih baik di gedung dalam kaitannya dengan aspek-aspek yang disebutkan di atas"

"This study tries to measure the optimum size of local government (municipality and city) which will support the accomplishment of decentralization policy 's objectives. The result of this study will be beneficial to know how the reformation pattern toward local government in Indonesia should lie done. The regression result of translog and quadratic functions using cost per capita minimization approach shows the existence of economy of scale from the size of municipality/city?s population. Using maximization approach, it is also shown that local ,government expenditure is not efficient yet and has H01 supported the efforts to accomplish the desired development performance. With various regulations, the significant variable used in the measurement of optimum size is the number of population. The result of using minimization and maximization approaches show that the optimum size for local government is d@rent between municipality and city; among each kind of per capita expenditure, and across time. Generally the optimum size of population for local government such that per capita expenditure can be minimized and minimum size of population such that Regional GDP per capita can be increased are approximately two million people. The reality of local government's size, which in general is relatively small compared to the optimum and minimum measurement shows the inefficiency of local government expenditure, and its ineffectiveness to improve the welfare of society. Hence, local government fragmentation policy that has been done so far is actually worsening the accomplishment of decentralization policy's objectives."

"ABSTRAKPartisipasi Indonesia di dalam perdagangan International Fragmentation Network(IFN) meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Sejalan dengan itu, perusahaan asing (MNC)yang berproduksi di Indonesia juga semakin banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui apakah partisipasi Indonesia dalam IFN dan masuknya MNCmeningkatkan produktivitas dan memberikan alih teknologi serta pengetahuanterhadap industri dalam negeri. Data yang digunakan adalah data subsektor Industri(2-digit) dari golongan Industri Berbasis Teknologi Tinggi (UBT) periode 2002-2010, dan produktivitas dan alih teknologi diukur menggunakan proksi total factorproductivity (TFP). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi industri UBT dalamIFN signifikan meningkatkan TFP. Selain itu, tingkat pendidikan pekerja jugasignifikan meningkatkan TFP. Namun, dalam penelitian ini, tidak ada bukti yangmenunjukkan bahwa perusahaan domestik di industri UBT mendapatkan manfaatspillover dari kegiatan IFN yang dilakukan oleh MNC.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia's participation in the International Fragmentation Network (IFN) tradehas increased from year to year. Correspondingly, foreign companies (MNC) thatproduce their products in Indonesia are also growing. This study aims to determinewhether Indonesia's participation in the IFN and the entry of MNC can improveproductivity and provide transfer of technology and knowledge to domesticindustry. The data used is data sub-sectors of industry (2-digit) from the class ofHigh Technology-Based Industries (UBT) in the period from 2002 to 2010, and theproductivity and technology transfer was measured using a proxy of total factorproductivity (TFP). Research shows that UBT industry?s participation in the IFNsignificantly improving TFP. In addition, the educational level of workers alsosignificantly increase TFP. However, in this study, there was no evidence to suggestthat domestic enterprises in the UBT industry have spillover benefit from IFNactivities undertaken by the MNC."

"Pada tahun 2000 wilayah Kabupaten Jembrana menjadi wilayah dengan luasan hutan paling luas di Provinsi Bali, namun hal ini berubah seiring perkembangan penduduk dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Adanya aktivitas masyarakat dalam mengubah hutan menjadi bentuk lainnya seperti sawah dan kebun menjadi andil utama pada perubahan hutan yang ada di Jembrana. Aktivitas ngawen atau kegiatan merambah hutan demi memanfaatkan hutan sebagai lahan produktif membuat wilayah hutan di Jembrana sedikit demi sedikit berkurang. Ngawen menyebabkan perubahan pada wilayah yang dahulu merupakan tutupan lahan hutan berubah menjadi tutupan lahan non-hutan. Guna meneliti perubahan tutupan lahan di Jembrana, klasifikasi data berdasarkan citra tahun 2000 hingga 2020 dilakukan dengan metode klasifikasi terbimbing menggunakan citra Landsat 7. Selain itu, dilakukan pula proses wawancara serta observasi guna memeroleh data terkait aktivitas ngawen oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data citra, didapatkan bahwa tutupan lahan hutan di Jembrana berkurang hingga sekitar 30 ribu hektar pada kurun waktu 20 tahun yakni dari tahun 2000 hingga tahun 2020. Melalui hasil analisa fragmentasi juga nampak bahwa wilayah Jembrana telah mengalami fragmentasi pada 34 persen wilayahnnya dan 12 persen diantaranya termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi. Adanya perubahan pada tutupan lahan ini berakibat pada terjadinya peristiwa kebencanaan seperti banjir dan tanah longsor yang belum lama ini terjadi. Berdasarkan penuturan informan, peristiwa bencana ini terjadi pasca maraknya aktivitas ngawen yang ada di wilayah hutan Jembrana. Perubahan tutupan lahan di Jembrana sebenarnya sudah berusaha dicegah dan diatur oleh pemerintah melalui upaya pembentukan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Jembrana tahun 2012-2032. Namun berdasarkan hasil pemodelan di tahun 2032 wilayah Jembrana diprediksikan tidak sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang yang disusun oleh pemerintah. Wilayah hutan yang direncanakan menutupi 53 persen wilayah Jembrana, berdasarkan pemodelan hanya mampu menutupi sekitar 32 persen dari keseluruhan wilayah Jembrana.

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In 2000 the Jembrana Regency area became the area with the largest forest area in Bali Province, but this changed with the development of the population and community needs. The existence of community activities in turning forests into other forms such as rice fields and gardens is the main contribution to the changes in forests in Jembrana. Ngawen activities or activities to penetrate forests to use forests as productive land make the forest area in Jembrana gradually reduced. Ngawen caused changes in the area that used to be forest land cover turned into non-forest land cover. To examine changes in land cover in Jembrana, the classification of data based on imagery from 2000 to 2020 was carried out by guided classification method using Landsat 7 imagery. In addition, there is also an interview and observation process to obtain data related to authorized activities by the community. Based on the results of processing image data, it was found that forest land cover in Jembrana was reduced to about 30 thousand hectares in the period of 20 years, from 2000 to 2020. Through the results of fragmentation analysis, it also appears that the Jembrana region has experienced fragmentation in 34 percent of its territory and 12 percent of them fall into a very high category. The existence of changes in land cover resulted in disaster events such as floods and landslides that recently occurred. Based on the informant's account, this disaster event occurred after the rise of ngawen activities in the Jembrana forest area. Changes in land cover in Jembrana have actually tried to be prevented and regulated by the government through efforts to establish a Spatial Plan for Jembrana Regency in 2012-2032. However, based on the results of modeling in 2032, the Jembrana region is predicted to be not in accordance with the spatial plan drawn up by the government. The planned forest area covers 53 percent of Jembrana area, based on modeling is only able to cover about 32 percent of the entire Jembrana area.

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"This study tries to measure the optimum size of regional government (municipality/city) which will support the accomplishment of decentralization policy ?s objectives. The result of this study will conclude how the reformation pattern toward regional government in Indonesia should be done. The result of regressing translog and quadratic functions using cost per capita minimalization approach shows the existence of economy of scale from the size of municipality/city?s population. Using maximization approach, ¡t is also shown that Municipality/city government expenditure ¡s not efficient yet and has not supported the efforts to accomplish the desired development performance. With various regulations, the significant variable used in the measurement of optimum size is the number of population.The result of using minimization and maximization approaches show that the optimum size for municipality/city is not single (differ), between municipality and city, among each kind of per capita expenditure, and across tìme. Generally, the optimum and minimum size of population for municipality/city such that per capita expenditure can be minimized and such that Regional GDP per capita increases are approximately two million people. The reality of municipality/city?s size which in general is relatively small compared to the optimum and minimum measurement shows the inefficiency of municipality/city government expenditure, and its ineffectiveness to support the effort to enhance the welfare of society. Hence, territoty extension policy performed this far, is actually worsen the accomplishment of its main objective on conducting regional government and development."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Beberapa tahun belakangan ini, berbagai aspek sosial-ekonomi sering dihubungkan dengan pasangan yang menunda konsepsi mereka. Fenomena ini memunculkan isu tentang bagaimana umur ayah dan ibu dapat mempengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan reproduksi. Dengan demikian, adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk mengerti bagaimana umur dapat mempengaruhi fertilitas mereka.Tujuan: Mencari korelasi antara umur dari pasien infertil dengan Index Fragmentasi DNA dan jumlah leukosit semenMetode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode retrospektif deskriptif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah rekam medis pasien infertil dari Departemen Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Pengambilan data dimulai dari Mei 2014 sampai Mei 2015 dengan jumlah sampel 51 dan 32 untuk setiap korelasiHasil: Pada studi ini, ada 2 korelasi yang dilakukan; 1 umur dari pasien infertil berkorelasi positif r = 0.502 dengan indeks fragmentasi DNA and 2 jumlah leukosit semen juga berkorelasi positif r = 0.528 dengan indeks fragmentasi DNAKata kunci: indeks fragmentasi DNA; infertilitas pria; umur; jumlah leukosit semen

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ABSTRACTBackground Over the last years, various socio economic aspects have been attributed to couples who delay their conception. This phenomenon has raised an issue of how both paternal and maternal age influences the reproductive success rate. It is essential to comprehend the way age affects the fertility as it is common for partners to delay their childbirth until later decades of their livesAim To find the correlation between age of infertile male patients with their DNA fragmentation index and seminal leukocyte countMethods This study was conducted with retrospective descriptive method. The source of data in this study was medical records of infertile male patients in Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia. The data was nested from May 2014 to May 2015 with sample number of 51 and 32 for each correlation respectively.Results In this study, there are two correlations being done 1 age of infertile male patients are positively correlated r 0.502 with their DNA fragmentation index and 2 their seminal leukocyte count are also positively correlated r 0.528 with their DNA fragmentation index.Keywords DNA fragmentation index male infertility age seminal leukocyte count."

"Proses perencanaan dan penganggaran merupakan tahapan penting bagi sebuah negara dalam mengelola tujuan bernegara, pembangunan dan mengalokasikan sumber daya yang dimiliki untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Namun, persoalan proses masih kurang dilihat dalam perspektif tatakelola daripada perspekif hukum dan ekonomi. Perspektif tatakelola (governance) menawarkan cara pandang dari administrasi publik bagaimana membangun  proses yang efektif, efisien, transparan, akuntabel dan partisipatif. Persoalan yang banyak dihadapi oleh banyak negara tidak terkecuali bagi Indonesia. Pengalaman mengelola pembangunan dan anggaran di era kemerdekaan, demokrasi terpimpin, orde baru dan saat ini reformasi memiliki perbedaan baik karena pengaruh lingkungan eksternal maupun dinamika lingkungan internal. Olehkarenanya tatakelola proses perencanaan dan pembangunan mengalami tantangan yang berat akibat perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan eketernal dan internal, begitu halnya tekanan pada orientasi dan prosesnya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif tatakelola untuk melihat penyebab dari tatakelola proses perencanaan dan penganggaran yang terfragmentasi baik dari sisi eksternal, internal, orientasi dan proses. Selain itu penelitian ini bermaksud mencari faktor penyebab tingkat transparansi, akuntabilitas dan partisipasi dalam tatakelola perencanaan dan penganggaran yang masih kurang optimal dibanding dengan negara regional lainnya. Faktor-faktor yang ditemukan dari pertanyaan penelitian selanjutnya dikonstruksi sebagai usulan transformasi tatakelola dalam mengatasi fragmentasi, transparansi, akuntabilitas dan partisipasi.

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruktifis dengan teknik pengumpulan dan analisa data kualitatif. Dari data dan analisa data dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor persaingan atau rivalitas antara lembaga perencanaan dan peanganggaran memnyebabkan pilihan tatakelola cenderung memisahkan antara keduanya dan menempuh cara koordinasi dan sinkronisai dalam mengatasi dampak deviasi antara yang direncanakan dengan yang dianggarkan. Sedangkan, transparansi yang bukan bersumber dari inisiatif internal organisasi cenderung membatasi diri untuk menyampaikan rencana kegiatan dan anggaran ke publik, selama tidak ada permintaan publik melalui prosedur kebebasan memperoleh informasi publik. Akuntabilitas lebih mencerminkan hubungan antara eksekutif dan legislatif tanpa banyak melibatkan partisipasi publik. Partisipasi publik menjadi rendah karena transparansi yang terbatas, dan minimnya kapasitas literasi publik terkait perencanaan dan penganggaran. Distorsi dalam proses merupakan akibat perilaku eksekutif dan legislatif dalam mengembangkan mekanisme informal dan pengaruh jejaring politisi dan pengusaha dalam mempengaruhi keputusan anggaran.

Kata Kunci: Tata Kelola, Perencanaan, Penganggaran, Fragmentasi, Koordinasi, Sinkronisasi, Transparansi, Akuntabilitas dan Partisipasi

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The planning and budgeting process is critical for a country in controlling state goals, and development, and allocating resources to meet shared goals. However, process challenges are still seen more from a legal and economic point of view than from a governance. The governance point of view provides public administration insight into how to create procedures that are effective, efficient, transparent, accountable, and participatory. Indonesia is not immune to the issues that many other countries experience. Because of the effect of the external environment and the dynamics of the internal environment, experiences in managing development and budgeting over the eras of independence, guided democracy, the New Order, and the present reform phase varied. The governance of planning and development processes is facing significant problems as a result of changes in the external and internal environments, as well as pressure on orientation and procedures.

This research examines the causes of fragmented governance of the planning and budgeting process from the external, internal, orientation, and process perspectives. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to identify the elements that contribute to the lack of openness, accountability, and public participation in planning and budgeting governance in comparison to other regional nations.The elements discovered in the study questions are then built into a suggested governance revolution aimed at overcoming fragmentation, transparency, accountability, and participation.  The factors found in the research questions are then constructed as a proposed transformation of governance in overcoming fragmentation, transparency, accountability, and participation.

This study employed constructivsm approach using qualitative data collecting and analytic approaches to solve these research issues. According to the data analysis, aspects of rivalry between planning and budgeting agencies drive the choice of governance to tend to divide the two and to take coordination and synchronization in overcoming the impact of deviations between what is planned and what is budgeted. Meanwhile, transparency that is not initiated by the internal organization tends to be limited to communicating activity plans and budgets to the public, as long as no public request is made through the procedure for freedom of accessing public information. Accountability focuses on the connection between the administration and the legislative, with little publicparticiapation as result of a lack of openness, accountability at the inter-agency level, and a lack of public literacy skills on planning and budgeting. Informal channels and the effect of politicians and businessmen's networks has distorted the budgeting process between legislation and legislative."

"Hampir 50% kasus infertilitas disebabkan oleh faktor pria. Infertilitas pria dapat tidak terdeteksi dengan analisis sperma dan mempengaruhi keluaran Teknologi Reproduksi Berbantu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode pemeriksaan untuk meramalkan infertilitas pria. Dengan desain potong lintang dan consecutive sampling didapatkan 2 kelompok subjek, infertil (78 subjek) dan fertil (36 subjek). IFD sperma diperiksa menggunakan metode sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) dengan kit Halosperm®. Didapatkan nilai median IFD sperma kelompok infertil lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok fertil. IFD sperma juga memiliki AUC yang paling tinggi dibandngkan ketiga komponen analisis sperma (konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi). IFD sperma memiliki nilai diagnostik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan analisis sperma dengan titik potong optimal 26,1% dengan sensitivitas 80,8%, spesifisitas 86,1%, NDP 92,6%, dan NDN 67,4%.

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Almost 50% of infertility are caused by male factors. Male infertility could not be detected by conventional sperm analysis and affect the outcome of Assissted Reproductive Technology. This study aim to develop a method to predict male infertility better. Using cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling, obtained two groups of subjects, infertile (78 subjects) and fertile (36 subjects). Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was examined using sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test by Halosperm® kit. Median value of sperm DFI on infertile group was significantly higher compared to fertile group. Sperm DFI also had the highest AUC compared to the three components of conventional sperm analysis (concentration, motility, and morphology). Sperm DFI had a higher diagnostic value than the sperm analysis with optimal cut-off-point of 26.1% with sensitivity of 80.8%, specificity of 86.1%, PPV of 92.6%, and NPV of 67.4%."

"Pendahuluan: Bukti terkini menunjukkan bahwa antioksidan dalam diet dapat bermanfaat dalam mengurangi kerusakan sperma, terutama pada pria dengan tingkat fragmentasi DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara suplementasi antioksidan dan Indeks Fragmentasi DNA (DNA Fragmentation Index/DFI) pada pria infertil.Metode: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis dilakukan menggunakan basis data online termasuk Pubmed, Science Direct, EBSCO, dan Cochrane sesuai pedoman PRISMA. Kami hanya menginklusi uji coba terkontrol secara acak (Randomized Controlled Trials/RCTs) yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris. Populasi target adalah pria infertil tanpa komorbiditas, dengan intervensi berupa suplementasi antioksidan selama minimal 3 bulan.Hasil: Pencarian awal basis data menghasilkan 447 makalah, di mana 11 makalah disertakan setelah penyaringan abstrak, dan 8 makalah dipertimbangkan untuk analisis kuantitatif. Hampir semua penelitian menunjukkan risiko bias yang rendah berdasarkan penilaian Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB). Meta-analisis dari 8 uji coba terkontrol secara acak (RCTs) menunjukkan pengurangan DFI yang tidak signifikan sebesar -1,28% (-3,88, 1,31; p=0,33). Namun, antioksidan tertentu seperti N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), asam dokosaheksaenoat (Docosahexaenoic Acid/DHA), dan astaxanthin terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi DFI. Sebaliknya, seng, asam folat, laktolykopen, kombinasi vitamin C dan E, serta vitamin D3 tidak menunjukkan efektivitas dalam mengurangi DFI.Kesimpulan: Beberapa antioksidan (NAC, DHA, dan astaxanthin) terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi indeks fragmentasi DNA, sementara seng, asam folat, laktolykopen, kombinasi vitamin C dan E, serta vitamin D3 tidak efektif. Diperlukan lebih banyak uji coba terkontrol secara acak dengan jumlah subjek yang lebih besar untuk menentukan efektivitas antioksidan.

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Introduction: Current evidence suggests that dietary antioxidants may be beneficial in reducing sperm damage, particularly in men with high levels of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA fragmentation). This study aimed to investigate the association between antioxidant supplementation and DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) in infertile males.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using online databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane according to PRISMA guideline. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the study that were written in English. The target population was infertile males without comorbidities, and the intervention was antioxidant supplementation for a minimum of 3 months.

Results: The initial database search yielded 447 papers, of which 11 were included after abstract screening, and 8 were considered for quantitative analysis. Almost all studies showed a low risk of bias according to Cochrane Risk of Biasa (RoB) assessments. The meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed a non-significant reduction in DFI by -1.28% (-3.88, 1.31; p=0.33). However, specific antioxidants such as N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and astaxanthin were found to be efficacious in reducing DFI. In contrast, zinc, folic acid, lactolycopene, combination of Vitamin C and E, and vitamin D3 did not show efficacy in reducing DFI.

Conclusion: In conclusion, some antioxidants (NAC, DHA, and astaxanthin) are shown to be efficacious in reducing DNA fragmentation index, while zinc, folic acid, lactolycopene, combination vitamin C and vitamin E, and vitamin D3 are not. More RCTs with larger subjects are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidants."