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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk mencari kebenaran terdapatnya ciri-ciri kepribadian yang karakteristik pada pasien glaukoma primer, yang ditandai dengan ketegangan dan kecemasan yang berlebihan, kecenderungan hipokhondriakal serta terdapatnya ciri-ciri obsesif-kompulsif dalam perilakunya.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian komparatif. Data yang diteliti dikumpulkan secara prospektif yang dipersiapkan dengan baik. Dapat digolongkan pula dalam peneletian primer observasional dan transversal serta termasuk jenis survei laboratorium karena dilaksanakan di klinik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapatnya aspek emosional yang khas yang menyertai glaukoma primer pasien. Kapan situasi emosional tersebut mulai timbul ataukah sebelum ataukah sesudah timbulnya glaukoma sukar ditentukan. Mungkin juga merupakan bagian dari sindrom lain yang berdiri sendiri, untuk dapat menerangkan dengan memuaskan dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut yang lebih mendalam dan bersifat longitudinal."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian suplementasi Mirtogenol terhadap perubahan ketebalan lapisan serabut saraf retina dan lapang pandang pada pasien dengan glaukoma primer sudut terbuka (GPSTa) dengan tekanan intraokular (TIO) terkontrol.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian prospektif, acak, tersamar ganda. Empat puluh satu pasien dengan GPSTa dengan TIO ≤ 18 mmHg diacak untuk mendapatkan Mirtogenol atau plasebo. Perubahan ketebalan RNFL dan MD lapang pandang diperiksa sebelum penelitian, 4 minggu serta 8 minggu setelah pemberian obat. Efek samping pengobatan ditanyakan kepada pasien selama penelitian.Hasil: Rerata ketebalan RNFL kelompok Mirtogenol mengalami penurunan sebesar -0.70±1.63 μm dari 87.29±19.39 μm di awal penelitian menjadi 86.58±19.43 μm setelah 8 minggu, namun perubahan yang terjadi tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0.121). Rerata ketebalan RNFL kelompok plasebo mengalami penurunan sebesar -1.74±1.79 μm dari 97.14±17.19 μm di awal penelitianmenjadi 95.40±18.56 μm setelah 8 minggu, perubahan yang terjadi bermakna secara statistik (p< 0.001). Rerata MD lapang pandang kelompok Mirtogenol mengalami peningkatan 0.542±1.93 dB setelah 8 minggu sedangkan rerata MD lapang pandang kelompok plasebo mengalami penurunan sebesar -0.083±1.36 dB setelah 8 minggu. Namun perubahan rerata MD lapang pandang kedua kelompoktidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05). Selama penelitian tidak didapatkan adanya efek samping.Kesimpulan: Mirtogenol dapat mempertahankan ketebalan lapisan serabut saraf retina, dan MD lapang pandang pada pemberian Mirtogenol cenderung meningkat.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effect of Mirtogenol towards the changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with controlled IOP.Methods: This is a prospective, double blind, randomized study. Forty one POAG patients with IOP ≤ 18 mmHg were randomly assigned to receive either Mirtogenol or placebo. Changes in RNFL thickness and mean deviation of visual fields were evaluated before the treatment, as well as 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatment. Patients were asked for any side effects during the treatment period.Results: The average RNFL thickness in the Mirtogenol group decreased 0.70±1.63 μm from 87.29±19.39 μm before the treatment to 86.58±19.43 μm after 8 weeks of treatment, however the change was not significant (p=0.121). The average RNFL thickness in the placebo group decreased -1.74±1.79 μm from 97.14±17.19 μm before the treatment to 95.40±18.56 μm after 8 weeks of treatment, the change was statistically significant (p< 0.001). The average MD of visual field in the Mirtogenol group increased 0.542±1.93 dB after 8 weeks oftreatment while the MD of visual field in the placebo group decreased 0.083 ± 1.36 dB after 8 weeks of treatment. Hoewever the changes in MD of visual field was not significant (p>0.05). No side effect was found throughout the study.Conclusions: Mirtogenol seemed to maintain retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and increased mean deviation of visual fields.;Objective: To evaluate the effect of Mirtogenol towards the changes in retinalnerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) with controlled IOP.Methods: This is a prospective, double blind, randomized study. Forty onePOAG patients with IOP ≤ 18 mmHg were randomly assigned to receive eitherMirtogenol or placebo. Changes in RNFL thickness and mean deviation of visualfields were evaluated before the treatment, as well as 4 weeks and 8 weeks afterthe treatment. Patients were asked for any side effects during the treatment period.Results: The average RNFL thickness in the Mirtogenol group decreased 0.70±1.63μmfrom87.29±19.39μmbeforethetreatmentto86.58±19.43μmafter8weeks of treatment, however the change was not significant (p=0.121). Theaverage RNFL thickness in the placebo group decreased -1.74±1.79 μm from97.14±17.19 μm before the treatment to 95.40±18.56 μm after 8 weeks oftreatment, the change was statistically significant (p< 0.001). The average MD ofvisual field in the Mirtogenol group increased 0.542±1.93 dB after 8 weeks oftreatment while the MD of visual field in the placebo group decreased 0.083±1.36dBafter8weeksoftreatment.HoeweverthechangesinMDofvisualfieldwasnotsignificant(p>0.05).Noside effectwasfound throughoutthestudy.Conclusions: Mirtogenol seemed to maintain retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and increased mean deviation of visual fields., Objective: To evaluate the effect of Mirtogenol towards the changes in retinalnerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) with controlled IOP.Methods: This is a prospective, double blind, randomized study. Forty onePOAG patients with IOP ≤ 18 mmHg were randomly assigned to receive eitherMirtogenol or placebo. Changes in RNFL thickness and mean deviation of visualfields were evaluated before the treatment, as well as 4 weeks and 8 weeks afterthe treatment. Patients were asked for any side effects during the treatment period.Results: The average RNFL thickness in the Mirtogenol group decreased 0.70±1.63μmfrom87.29±19.39μmbeforethetreatmentto86.58±19.43μmafter8weeks of treatment, however the change was not significant (p=0.121). Theaverage RNFL thickness in the placebo group decreased -1.74±1.79 μm from97.14±17.19 μm before the treatment to 95.40±18.56 μm after 8 weeks oftreatment, the change was statistically significant (p< 0.001). The average MD ofvisual field in the Mirtogenol group increased 0.542±1.93 dB after 8 weeks oftreatment while the MD of visual field in the placebo group decreased 0.083±1.36dBafter8weeksoftreatment.HoeweverthechangesinMDofvisualfieldwasnotsignificant(p>0.05).Noside effectwasfound throughoutthestudy.Conclusions: Mirtogenol seemed to maintain retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and increased mean deviation of visual fields.]"

"Latar Belakang: Pengawet dalam tetes mata memengaruhi permukaan okular, ditemukan terutama pada pasien yang menggunakan obat tetes anti-glaukoma. Beredar tetes mata timolol maleat dengan pengawet chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) yang belum pernah diteliti efeknya terhadap parameter permukaan okular.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pengawet chlorhexidine gluconate 0,002% dalam sediaan timolol maleat 0,5% (timolol-CHG) terhadap permukaan okular pasien glaukoma dan hipertensi okuli.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental terandomisasi dengan samar tunggal pada 54 mata pasien dengan diagnosis glaukoma maupun hipertensi okuli yang menggunakan timolol maleat 0,5% pengawet polyquaternium-1 (timolol-PQ1) <12 bulan. Dua puluh tujuh mata mengganti pengobatan ke timolol-CHG dan 27 mata melanjutkan timolol-PQ1. Dinilai tear break up time (TBUT), tear break up pattern (TBUP), skor pewarnaan kornea konjungtiva (staining), skor ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I dan TIO awal dan sesudah satu bulan intervensi.Hasil: Nilai rerata selisih TBUT 0,15±5,28 detik pada kelompok timolol-CHG dan (- 1,30)±3,47 pada timolol-PQ1. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna selisih nilai parameter permukaan okular (TBUT, staining, OSDI, Schirmer I) maupun TIO antar kedua kelompok. Line dan dimple pattern merupakan TBUP yang paling banyak ditemukan pada kedua kelompok baik sebelum maupun sesudah intervensi. Analisis dalam kelompok mendapatkan penurunan TBUT bermakna (p < 0,05) pada kelompok timolol-PQ1 setelah dibandingkan dengan sebelum intervensi, pada kelompok timolol-CHG tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna.Kesimpulan: Timolol-CHG memiliki efek terhadap permukaan okular dan TIO sebanding dengan timolol-PQ1. Penggunaan timolol-CHG dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif jangka pendek pengobatan glaukoma.

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Background: Patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension using topical anti-glaucoma medication are more likely to have ocular surface problems. It happens mainly due to the preservatives in the eye drops. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as a preservative have not been studied for their effects on ocular surface parameters.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,002% preseved timolol maleate 0,5% (timolol-CHG) on the ocular surface of patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Methods: Randomized single-blind controlled trial in 54 eyes of patients diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension that has been using polyquaternium-1 preserved timolol maleate 0.5% (timolol-PQ1) for <12 months. Twenty-seven eyes switched therapy to timolol- CHG, and 27 eyes continued with timolol-PQ1. Tear break-up time (TBUT), tear break-up pattern (TBUP), corneal-conjunctival staining score, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring, Schirmer I, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed at baseline and one month post intervention.

Results: Mean differences (1 month-baseline) of TBUT were 0.15±5.28 seconds in timolol- CHG group and (-1.30)±3.47 in timolol-PQ1 group. There were no difference (p > 0.05, for all) between groups in terms of ocular surface parameters (TBUT, staining, OSDI, Schirmer I) and IOP mean differences. Line and dimple pattern were the most common break-up pattern found in both group at baseline and at 1 month. Analysis within group found significant difference (p < 0.05) of timolol-PQ1 TBUT at 1 month compared to baseline, TBUT were lower at 1 month.

Conclusion: Timolol-CHG has comparable effects on the ocular surface and IOP comparable to timolol-PQ1. The use of timolol-CHG may be considered as a short-term alternative for glaucoma treatment."

"Tujuan:Membandingkan perubahan,nilai puncak dan rata-rata tekanan intra okular (TIO) pada pasien glaukoma primer sudut terbuka (GPSTa) yang terkontrol menggunakan travoprost 0,004 %dengantimolol hydrogel 0,1% padauji provokes iminum air. Metode: ujieksperimental tersamar tunggal pada 42 pasien GPSTa yang dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok yang mendapatkan pengobatan dengan Travoprost 0,004% dengan frekuensi sekali/hari, selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan yang mendapatkan Timolol hydrogel 0,1% sekali/hari. Pemeriksaan TIO dilakukan pada evaluasi minggu ke-empat pasca terapi, meliputi TIO baseline sebelum uji provokasi minum air, TIO menit ke-15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, dan 120 pasca uji provokasi minum air. Hasil:Setelah terapi selama empat minggu, TIO baseline sebelum uji provokasi minum air tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok travoprost 0,004% dibandingkan dengan timolol hydrogel 0,1% (p=0,28; uji T tidak berpasangan). Nilai TIO minimal dan maksimal pasca uji provokasi minum air secara signifikan lebih rendah pada kelompok travoprost 0,004% dibandingkan dengan timolol hydrogel 0,1% (p=0,04; p=0,01, uji T tidak berpasangan). Nilai mean TIO pada kelompok travoprost juga didapatkan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan timolol hydrogel 0,1% (p=0,02, uji T tidak berpasangan). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara fluktuasi TIO kelompok travoprost 0,004% dengan timolol hydrogel 0,1% (p=0,15, uji Mann Whitney). Kesimpulan: Travoprost 0,004% lebihbaikdalammempertahankanTIO dibandingkan dengan Timolol Hydrogel 0,1% pada uji Provokasi Minum Air.

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Objective: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) profile after water drinking test (WDT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients who had already treated with travoprost 0,004% eye drop versus timolol hydrogel 0,1%.

Methods: A single-blind experimental study. Fourty two POAG patients were randomly assigned to receive travoprost 0,004% once daily or timolol hydrogel 0,1% once daily. The IOP profiles were evaluated 4-weeks after treatment, including baseline IOP before WDT, IOP 15-, 30-, 45-, 60-, 75-, 90-, 105-, and 120-minutes after WDT.

Results: At 4-week after treatment, travoprost 0,004% and timolol hydrogel 0,1% had equivalent effect on baseline IOP (p=0,28; unpaired t-test). Minimum and maximum IOP after WDT of travoprost 0,004% group were significantly less than timolol hydrogel 0,1% group (p=0,04; p=0,01; unpaired t-test, respectively). Mean IOP of travoprost 0,004% group was lower than hydrogel 0,1% group as well (p=0,02; unpaired t-test). The IOP fluctuation was not different between two groups (p=0,15; Mann Whitney test).

Conclusion: This study suggests that travoprost 0,004% was more likely to maintain IOP after WDT compared to timolol hydrogel 0,1% treatment."