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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
C. albicans merupakan mikroba komensal yang ada di rongga mulut namun pada keadaan tertentu dapat berubah menjadi suatu pathogen opurtunis. Temulawak adalah tanaman obat khas Indonesia yang dilaporkan memiliki banyak efek medis salah satunya yaitu efek antifungal. Tujuan: Melihat efek eradikasi ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap berbagai fase perkembangan biofilm C. albicans. Ekstrak etanol temulawak dengan konsentrasi 1-45 dipaparkan pada biofilm C. albicans selama satu jam. Metode: Uji dilakukan dengan MTT assay kemudian dibaca dengan panjang gelombang 570 nm sehingga didapat nilai optical density. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Konsentrasi Eradikasi Biofilm Minimal KEBM50 ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap C. albicans pada fase awal 30 , fase menengah 20 , dan fase maturasi 25 . Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak memiliki potensi dalam mengeradikasi biofilm C. albicans pada berbagai fase perkembangan.

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ABSTRAK
Background C. albicans is a commensal microbe in the oral cavity but in certain circumstances may turn out to be an opportunistic pathogen. Java turmeric is a medicinal plant native to Indonesia were reported to have many medical effects one of which is the effect of antifungal. Objective to observe the effect of eradication of java turmeric ethanol extract to the various phases of the development of C. albicans biofilm. Java turmeric ethanol extract at a concentration 1 45 were exposed to C. albicans biofilm for one hour. Methods Test conducted by MTT assay and then read with a wavelength of 570 nm so that the optical density values obtained. Results The results showed the value of Minimal Biofilm Eradication Concentration MBEC50 in the early phase is 30 , intermediate phase 20 and maturation phase 25 . Conclusion The java turmeric ethanol extract has the potential to eradicate the C. albicans biofilm in various phases of development.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Temulawak adalah tanaman obat unggulan Indonesia. Pertumbuhan S.mutans dan S. sanguinis yang berperan dalam pembentukan biofilm pada permukaan email gigi, dapat dihambat oleh ekstrak temulawak. pH kritis biofilm (≤ 5.5) dapat mempengaruhi pelepasan ion kalsium email gigi. Xanthorrhizol dalam temulawak diketahui dapat mempertahankan pH netral model biofilm in vitro selama 4 jam. Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan pH model biofilm Streptoccocus dual species dalam variasi waktu serta pengaruh paparan ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap kadar kalsium email permukaan gigi dengan biofilm Streptoccocus dual species. Metode: Model biofilm dibuat pada 6-well plate yang telah dilapisi oleh saliva, kemudian ditambahkan S. Mutans dan S. sanguinis (1:1) dan diinkubasi dalam rentang waktu 1-24 jam, lalu pH diukur dengan menggunakan pH indikator. Selanjutnya model biofilm Streptoccocus dual species 16 dan 20 jam dibuat pada spesimen email gigi, kemudian dipaparkan ekstrak enatol temulawak (15%) selama 4 jam dan kadar kalsium diukur dengan alat Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Uji beda dilakukan dengan Mann Whitney dan t-test (independent sample). Hasil: Model biofilm Streptoccocus dual species dapat mencapai pH kritis mulai jam ke 14 dan bertahan sampai jam ke 24. Terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar kalsium (Wt%) antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok perlakuan, tetapi perbedaan tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna (p>0.005). Perbedaan rerata kadar kalsium (Wt%) antara kelompok perlakuan biofilm 16 jam (27,52 ± 0.89) dan 20 jam (24,92 ± 0.85) secara statistik bermakna (p<0.005). Kesimpulan: Model biofilm Streptoccocus dual species dapat mencapai pH kritis setelah 14 jam. Paparan ekstrak etanol temulawak tidak mempengaruhi secara signifikan kadar kalsium permukaan email gigi dengan biofilm Streptoccocus dual species. Namun, paparan ekstrak etanol temulawak pada kematangan biofilm berbeda, menghasilkan perbedaan kadar kalsium permukaan email gigi. ......Background: Java turmeric is Indonesian medicinal plants. Growth of S. mutans and S. sanguinis that play a role in biofilm formation on the enamel surface, could be inhibited by java turmeric extract. Biofilms critical pH (≤ 5.5) could affect the release of calcium ions enamel. Xanthorrhizol in java turmeric are known to maintain a neutral pH in vitro biofilm models for 4 hours. Objective: To analyze the changes in pH Streptoccocus dual species biofilm models in variations exposure time as well as the influence of ethanol extract of java turmeric on tooth surfaces email calcium levels with Streptoccocus dual species biofilms. Methods: Biofilm model was made in 6-well plate that had been coated with saliva, then added S. Mutans and S. sanguinis (1:1) and incubated in a span of 1-24 hours, and pH was measured by using a pH indicator. Furthermore Streptoccocus dual species biofilm models 16 and 20 hours were made on specimens of enamel, then presented ethanol java turmeric extract (15%) for 4 h and calcium levels were measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Different test performed by Mann Whitney and t-test (independent samples). Results: Streptoccocus dual species biofilm model could reach critical pH ranging to 14 hours and last up to 24 hours. There are differences in the mean levels of calcium (Wt%) between the control group and treatment group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.005). Mean difference levels of calcium (Wt%) between treatment groups biofilms 16 hours (27.52 ± 0.89) and 20 hours (24.92 ± 0.85) was statistically significant (p <0.005). Conclusion: Streptoccocus dual species biofilm model could reach a critical pH after 14 hours. Exposure to ethanol extract of java turmeric did not affect significantly the level of calcium in the enamel surface Streptoccocus dual species biofilms. However, exposure of turmeric extract on different maturity of biofilm, produced difference in the calcium level of enamel surface.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Salah satu faktor virulensi C. albicans adalah pembentukan biofilm yang dapat meningkatkan resistensi terhadap agen antijamur. Temulawak merupakan tanaman obat khas Indonesia yang diketahui memiliki efek antijamur karena mengandung zat aktif xanthorrhizol. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi penggunaan ekstrak etanol temulawak dalam mengeradikasi biofilm C. albicans isolat klinis. Metode: Pemaparan ekstrak etanol temulawak kepada biofilm C. albicans selama 1 jam pada berbagai fase pembentukan biofilm. MTT assay digunakan untuk mengukur persentase eradikasi biofilm. Hasil: Ekstrak etanol temulawak memiliki nilai KHM dan KBM 15 terhadap C. albicans isolat klinis planktonik. Nilai Konsentrasi Eradikasi Biofilm Minimal KEBM50 ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap biofilm C. albicans isolat klinis pada fase awal, fase menengah, dan fase maturasi adalah 25 , 15 , dan 15. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak mampu mengeradikasi biofilm C. albicans isolat klinis. ...... Background: An ability to form biofilm is one of the C. albicans rsquo s virulence factor that increase resistance towards antifungal agents. Java turmeric is an Indonesian medicinal plant which reported to have antifungal effects due to its active component, xanthorrhizol. Objective: To measure in vitro potential use of Java turmeric ethanol extract in eradicating C. albicans clinical isolate biofilm. Method: One hour exposure of Java turmeric ethanol extract to C. albicans biofilm formation phases. MTT assay is used to test the percentage of biofilm eradication. Result: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration MFC of Java turmeric ethanol extract towards planktonic C. albicans was 15. The Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration MBEC50 in the early phase was 25, intermediate phase 15 and maturation phase 15. Conclusion: Java turmeric ethanol extract is effective in eradicating clinical isolate of C. albicans biofilm.