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"Background: ln ASEAN, lndonesia is one ofthree countries with the highest malaria morbidy ln lndonesia 396 (80%) of the total 495 districts/municipalities year 2007 were malaria endemie areas. In malaria control program, the Ministry of Health decreed Number 293 year 2009 on Malaria Eliminanition. It aimed to assess the implementation Ministry of Health decreed Number 293 year 2009 on Malaria Eliminanition in Bali Province, with specific objectives to assess understanding, implementation, innovation, budgetting and roles of government to support malaria elimination in Province Bali. Methods:It was observational study with cross sectional design, carried out in Bali Province and Karangasem District. Data were collected in September year 2011 by focus group discussion either in provincial and district level at Health Offices, District Planning Beureau, interrelated sectors (Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Department of Tourism, Department of Public Development, Department of Forestry, Department of Agriculture, Port Health Office, Department of Education, Department of Information and Communication, hospital), Health Centers (for district level) as well as document study Data were analyzed by content analysis. Data were validating by triangulation among provincial and district health office staffs, health policy expert and researchers. Results: The understanding of Ministry of Health decreed Number 293 year 2009 on Malaria Eliminanition in Bali at Provincial Health Office was good, but at interrelated sectors had not knew on the policy The policy implementation that the Governor issued Governor Regulation Number 10 year 2010 on activities in implementing malaria elimination in Bali Province and Karangasem District Regulation Number 2 year 2010 on malaria elimination in Karangasem District. The implementation of malaria elimination policy in Bali Provincial Health Office and Karangasem District Health Office were in accordance to Ministry of Health strategy Interrelated sectors activities were directly or indirectly in synergy with malaria elimination policy Innovation strategy activities in supporting the malaria elimination had be en developed in the district. The budgetting for malaria elimination policy in Bali Province and Karangasem District still depend local budget. The roles of local governments to support policies are by issueing policies/regulations, financing and socialization activities. Treatment should be based on new treatment strategies using artemisinin or ACT to prevent primary drug resistance of malaria. The budgetting for malaria program in Bali Province should be increased, either the total or the source. Then, it needs to develop Malaria Working Group both at the provincial and district levels so interrelated sector activities could be coordinated and integrated with the Health Offices activities to achieve malaria elimination by year 2012."

"ABSTRAKNama : Iwan Joko SulistyoProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Eliminasi Malaria Tahun 2020kabupaten Musi Rawas tinjauan tahun 2018Eliminasi malaria suatu upaya untuk menghentikan penularan malariasetempat dalam satu wilayah geografis tertentu. Penanggulangan penyakit malariadipantau dengan menggunakan indikator Annual Parasite Incidence API , untukmengetahui suatu insidensi penyakit malaria pada suatu daerah tertentu selama satutahun. Penurunan API bermakna bila disertai peningkatan Annual BloodExamination Rate ABER . Oleh karena itu, penurunan API yang disertai penurunanABER belum dapat diartikan sebagai penurunan insiden malaria. Selain ABER untukmenilai API juga digunakan Slide Positivity Rate SPR untuk melihat besarantingkat infeksi pada kelompok populasi tertentu. Angka SPR bermakna bila ABERtinggi. Depkes membuat tahapan eleminasi malaria yaitu dari tahap pemberantasan,tahap pra eleminasi, tahap eleminasi dan tahap pemeliharaan. Tahap pra eleminasisalah satu syarat yang harus terpenuhi adalah Semua unit pelayanan kesehatanmampu memeriksa kasus secara laboratorium mikroskopis dan semua penderitamalaria klinis di unit pelayanan kesehatan sudah dilakukan pemeriksaan sediaandarah dan SPR mencapai

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ABSTRACTName Iwan Joko SulistyoStudy Program Public HealthTitle The Evaluation of Implementation of Malaria Elimination in2020 Musi Rawas Regency on Reviews in 2018Malaria Elimination is an effort to stop local malaria transmission in a certaingeographical area. The effort of malaria elimination can be monitored by usingAnnual Parasite Incidence API indicator. The usefulness of API is to recognize themalaria incidence in a certain area within one year. The decrease of API is morevaluable if it is followed by the increase of Annual Blood Examination Rate ABER .Thus the decrease of ABER does not mean the decrease of malaria incidence.Besides ABER, Slide Positivity Rate SPR is also used to see the magnitude ofinfection level on a certain population. The SPR digit is more valuable if ABER ishigh. The Department of Health has made stages in eliminating malaria. They are preelimination, elimination, and alimination and maintenance. In pre elimination stage,one of the conditions which has to be fullfiled is all health service units have beenable to examine a case microscopically and all clinical patients of malaria in a healthservice unit have sufficient blood and the SPR is 5 . The SPR target has to beaccoplished due to the function to see the magnitude of infection level in a certainpopulation.In Musi Rawas Regency from years API has a decrase 0.15 in 2016, but ifit is investigated per districts. SPR has a change fluctuativelly and ABER remainslow. This shows there is a problem which is not solved yet in order to eliminatemalaria in Musi Rawas Regency. In the implementation program of malariaelimination, evaluation is a must to implement the malaria elimination in MusiRawas Regency in 2020 so that the obstacles of human resource of theimplementation of malaria elimination in Musi Rawas Regency reviews can bedetected in 2018.Keyword evaluation,malaria elimination"

"Malaria masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan bagi setengah populasi dunia termasuk di Indonesia dimana pada tahun 2020 jumlah kasus malaria mencapai 226.364 kasus dan 96% kasus tersebut berasal dari Provinsi Papua. Kabupaten Jayapura sendiri menduduki peringkat ke empat penyumbang kasus malaria terbanyak di Provinsi Papua pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 29.044 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program eliminasi malaria di Kabupaten Jayapura pada tahun 2021. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, yang dilakukan pada informan terpilih meliputi kepala dinas kesehatan, kepala bidang P2P, kepala bidang SDMK, kepala sub bagian umum, program, dan informasi, pengelola program malaria di dinas kesehatan, kepala puskesmas dan pengelola program malaria puskesmas di wilayah Kabupaten Jayapura. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Bulan Februari - Maret 2022 dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam sebagai sumber data primer dan telaah dokumen sebagai sumber data sekunder. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan sistem dalam menilai input yang terdiri dari sumber daya manusia, dana, sarana, dan perundangan. Pada proses adalah bagaimana penemuan dan tatalaksana penderita, pencegahan dan penanggulangan faktor risiko, surveilans epidemiologi dan penanggulangan wabah, peningkatan komunikasi informasi dan edukasi (KIE) dan peningkatan sumber daya manusia serta untuk output yaitu angka API, SPR, dan ABER di Kabupaten Jayapura. Ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan program eliminasi malaria tidak berhasil mencapai target pada tahap Intensifikasi pengendalian yang telah ditetapkan didalam Pedoman Pengendalian Malaria Menuju Eliminasi Tahun 2030 di Kabupaten Jayapura yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Bupati Jayapura nomor 44 Tahun 2017 dengan angka API adalah 100‰, SPR 24% dan ABER dibawah 10%. Hal-hal yang menjadi hambatan adalah kompetensi SDM yang belum memenuhi standar, ketersediaan dana yang belum memadai, dan manajemen sarana yang belum optimal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan program eliminasi malaria di Kabupaten Jayapura telah dilaksanakan namun belum optimal. Disarankan agar pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Jayapura dapat menjadikan program eliminasi malaria sebagai prioritas anggaran dalam APBD Kabupaten Jayapura. Selain itu kerjasama lintas sektor yang tergabung dalam Malaria Center perlu digiatkan kembali dan merumuskan Rencana Aksi Daerah (RAD) serta bermitra dengan global fund, Unicef, LSM, TNI, Polri, Organisasi profesi dan tokoh masyarakat.

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Malaria is still a health threat to half the world's population, including in Indonesia where in 2020 the number of malaria cases reached 226,364 cases and 96% of these cases came from Papua Province. Jayapura Regency itself was ranked the fourth most malaria case in Papua Province in 2016 with 29,044 cases. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the malaria elimination program in Jayapura Regency in 2021. The study used a qualitative type of research method with a study case approach, conducted on selected informants including the Head of the Health Office, Head of the P2P Division, Head of HHR Division, Head of the General, Program and Information Sub-Section, Program Manager of Malaria in Health Office, Head of Puskesmas and Program Manager of Malaria in Puskesmas in Jayapura Regency. Data collection was carried out in February - March 2022 using in-depth interviews as the primary data source and document study as a secondary data source. Researchers use a systems approach in assessing inputs consisting of human resources, funds, facilities, and legislation. The process is how to find and treat patients, prevention and control of risk factors, epidemiological surveillance and outbreak control, improving information and education communication (IEC) and increasing human resources as well as for output, namely the number of API, SPR, and ABER in Jayapura Regency. It was found that the implementation of the malaria elimination program did not succeed in achieving the target of the control intensification stage that had been set out in the Guidelines for Malaria Control towards Elimination in 2030 in Jayapura Regency in Jayapura Regency Regulation number 44 year 2017 with API number is 100‰, SPR 24% and ABER below 10%. The things that become obstacles are human resources competencies that do not meet the standards, inadequate funding availability, and non-optimal management of facilities. It can be concluded that the implementation of the malaria elimination program in Jayapura Regency has been implemented but has not been optimal. It is recommended that the regional government of Jayapura Regency can make the malaria elimination program a budget priority in the Jayapura Regency RREB. In addition, cross-sectoral collaboration that is incorporated in the Malaria Center needs to be reactivated and formulate Regional Action Plans (RAP) and and partnering with global funds, Unicef, NGOs, TNI, Polri, professional organizations and community leaders."

"Malaria telah menciptakan krisis kebangkitan kembali dalam kontinum eliminasi di Zimbabwe, yang berbeda dari komitmen global untuk eliminasi malaria pada tahun 2030. Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang terkait dengan malaria berat di distrik Beitbridge dan Lupane. Pengambilan sampel multistage digunakan untuk merekrut 2414 orang yang tercatat dalam database Perangkat Lunak Informasi Kesehatan Distrik2 Tracker. Penelitian ini menggunakan IBM SPSS 29.0.2.0 (20) untuk analisis data, dan rasio odds (OR) untuk memperkirakan risiko relatif (RR; 95% CI; p <0,05). Studi ini mengungkapkan risiko relatif yang signifikan (p-value<0,05) untuk individu yang tidak memiliki Kelambu Berinsektisida Tahan Lama (Beitbridge 47,4; Lupane 12,3), mereka yang memiliki tetapi tidak menggunakan LLIN (Beitbridge 24,9; Lupane 7,83), mereka yang tidur di luar rumah pada malam hari (Beitbridge 84,4; Lupane 1,93), dan orang dewasa (Beitbridge 0,18; Lupane 0,22) dibandingkan dengan kelompok referensi yang sesuai. Faktor-faktor lain menunjukkan RR yang bervariasi: jenis kelamin (Beitbridge 126,1), pengobatan yang cepat (Beitbridge 6,78), pengunjung yang menjadi tuan rumah (Lupane 6,19), dan tempat tinggal (Lupane 1,94) dibandingkan dengan kelompok referensi yang sesuai. Manajemen faktor risiko perlu difokuskan pada peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat setempat tentang malaria, cakupan universal LLINs pada ruang tidur di dalam dan di luar ruangan, program berbasis masyarakat tentang penggunaan LLIN yang tepat dan konsisten, skrining pengunjung dari daerah endemis malaria, kegiatan entomologi yang komprehensif, intervensi malaria campuran di titik-titik rawan di daerah pedesaan, dan penelitian di masa depan tentang dinamika penularan malaria lokal. Meskipun Zimbabwe memiliki potensi untuk mencapai tujuan global eliminasi malaria, keberhasilannya tergantung pada upaya mengatasi faktor-faktor risiko untuk mempertahankan kemajuan yang telah dicapai di antara daerah-daerah yang telah dieliminasi dari malaria.

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Malaria has created a resurgence crisis in Zimbabwe’s elimination continuum, diverging from global commitment to malaria elimination by 2030. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with severe malaria in the Beitbridge and Lupane districts. Multistage sampling was used to recruit 2414 individuals recorded in the District Health Information Software2 Tracker database. The study used IBM SPSS 29.0.2.0(20) for data analysis, and odds ratios (ORs) to estimate the relative risk (RR; 95% C.I; p < 0.05). The study revealed significant relative risks (p-value< 0.05) for individuals who had no Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (Beitbridge 47.4; Lupane 12.3), those who owned but used the LLINs (Beitbridge 24.9; Lupane 7.83), those who slept outdoors during the night (Beitbridge 84.4; Lupane 1.93), and adults (Beitbridge 0.18; Lupane 0.22) compared to the corresponding reference groups. Other factors showed varying RR: sex (Beitbridge 126.1), prompt treatment (Beitbridge 6.78), hosting visitor(s) (Lupane 6.19), and residence (Lupane 1.94) compared to the corresponding reference groups. Risk factor management needs to focus on increasing local awareness of malaria, universal LLINs coverage of indoor and outdoor sleeping spaces, community-based programs on proper and consistent LLIN usage, screening of visitors from malaria-endemic areas, comprehensive entomological activities, mixed malaria interventions in rural hotspots, and future research on local malaria transmission dynamics. While Zimbabwe has the potential to meet the global goal of malaria elimination, success depends on overcoming the risk factors to sustain the gains already made among malaria elimination districts."