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"ABSTRAKThe cranes are widely used to facilitate the transport of goods. This project aims tocreate a miniature crane to study and analyze its behavior, especially the swing of theload while moving, and then develop and implement a system controlling the positionand velocity of the load of the crane using a specific control technique.The purpose of controlling this apparatus is automatically move the crane to aparticular position at a certain speed, while trying to keep the swing of the mass to aminimum/no sway. The method used is the state feedback control implemented inVB.net and it produces a very good response.The overall structure of the miniature crane system consists of a computer/program,the LabJack, amplifiers, a motor, sensors, and the miniature crane apparatus.The useof linearization technique could overcome the problem of the dead zone on the motor."

"Pada perkembangan teknologi saat ini, banyak mempergunakan beban-beban nonlinier seperti komputer, printer, juga motor-motor listrik yang menyebabkan timbulnya harmonik. Harmonik dapat mempengaruhi sistem tenaga listrik yang dirancang untuk beroperasi pada frekuensi 50 Hz, sehingga mengakibatkan munculnya arus / tegangan yang frekuensinya menjadi perkalian bulat dari 50 Hz. Frekuensi 50 Hz merupakan frekuensi fundamental sedangkan jika terjadi perkalian bulat dari frekuensi 50 Hz disebut harmonik. Harmonik dapat mempengaruhi mekanisme kerja pada Circuit Breaker seperti abnormalnya proses pemutusan rangkaian sehingga fungsinya sebagai alat proteksi menjadi kurang sempurna untuk memproteksi instalasi tenaga lisrik dan peralatan listrik lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian mengenai pengaruh harmonik terhadap Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) dengan menggunakan beban non linier berupa kombinasi antara lampu pijar dan lampu fluorescent ballast elektronik untuk mendapatkan variasi nilai THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). Arus yang dialirkan sebesar 1,5 x In pada MCB. Dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan, ternyata distrorsi harmonik (THD) yang dihasilkan dapat mempengaruhi mekanisme kerja pada MCB dimana semakin besar nilai distorsi harmoniknya (THD) mengakibatkan waktu pemutusan MCB menjadi lebih cepat dalam melakukan pemutusan rangkaian.

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Currently, technology development used to nonlinear loads such as computers, printers, electric motors which affected to emerge harmonic. Harmonics could affect the electrical power system designed to operate at a frequency of 50 Hz, that resulted in the emergence of the current / voltage to frequency with multiple of 50 Hz. Frequency of 50 Hz is the fundamental frequency multiplication whereas in case of a round of 50 Hz frequency called harmonics. Harmonic frequency could affect the working mechanism of the Circuit Breaker like abnormal tripping process so that its function as a protection device become imperfect to protect the installation of electricity power and other electrical equipments.

In this study, there was done a test about the effect of harmonics on Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB), used by nonlinear load such as a combination of incandescent and fluorescent lamp ballast electronic to gain variation value of THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) with given operating current as 1.5 x In on the MCB. From the testing that has been done, apparently, the result of THD could affect the working mechanism of the MCB when the value THD increased the tripping process of MCB would be faster."

"The cranes are widely used to facilitate the transport of goods. This project aims to create a miniature crane to study and analyze its behavior, especially the swing of the load while moving, and then develop and implement a system controlling the position and velocity of the load of the crane using a specific control technique. The purpose of controlling this apparatus is automatically move the crane to a particular position at a certain speed, while trying to keep the swing of the mass to a minimum/no sway. The method used is the state feedback control implemented in VB.net and it produces a very good response. The overall structure of the miniature crane system consists of a computer/program, the LabJack, amplifiers, a motor, sensors, and the miniature crane apparatus. The use of linearization technique could overcome the problem of the dead zone on the motor."

"Kereta listrik umumnya membutuhkan masinis dalam menjalankan kereta dan membuka pintu kereta. Pada skripsi ini direalisasikan miniatur kereta listrik dapat berjalan secara otomatis serta buka-tutup pintu kereta dan stasiun secara otomatis menggunakan Programmable Logic Control (PLC) dan Basic Stamp. Dalam merealisasikan miniatur kereta listrik ini, terdapat 8 sub sistem yaitu Sensor dan Rangkaian Komparator, Programmable Logic Control (PLC), Rangkaian Kontrol dan Driver PWM, Basic Stamp, Driver Motor Stepper, Driver Limit Switch , LCD, dan Power Supply. Hasil yang dicapai dalam merealisasikan miniatur kereta listrik adalah mendapatkan suatu pemrograman ladder pada PLC yang dapat berinteraksi dengan Pbasic pada mikrokontroler Basic Stamp serta mendapatkan hasil pengukuran ? pengukuran pada sub-sub sistem yang direalisasikan sehingga pada tahap selanjutnya dapat membantu kesempurnaan dalam pembuatan sistem transportasi menggunakan kereta listrik yang akan diaplikasikan di dalam kampus Universitas Indonesia. Diharapkan dengan adanya skripsi ini dapat memudahkan dalam merealisasikan ke kondisi nyata yang akan diperlihatkan dalam realita kehidupan masyarakat kampus Universitas Indonesia.

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Tramcar in general requires engine-driver in implementing tramcar and opens door of tramcar. At this final task realized tramcar miniature which can run automatically and open - close door of car and halting point automatically applies Programmable Logic Control (PLC) and Basic Stamp. In realizing this tramcar miniature, there is 8 system sub that is Sensor and Comparator circuit, Programmable Logic Control (PLC), Control Circuit and Driver PWM, Basic Stamp, Driver Motor Stepper, Driver Limit Switch, LCD, and Power Supply.

Result reached in realizing tramcar miniature is get a programming of ladder at PLC which interaction can with Pbasic at microcontroller Basic Stamp and gets result of gauging at system subs realized so that at phase hereinafter can assist perfection in making of transportation system applies tramcar which will be application in campus University of Indonesia. Expected with existence of this final project can facilitate in realizing to condition of reality which will be showed in reality life of campus public University of Indonesia."

"radar plessey AR 325 commander merupakan salah satun jenis radar milik TNI AU. salah satu fitur yang dimilikinya adalah target scanning melalui perputaran antena yang dikendalikan oleh drive system. dalam makalah ini akan disampaikan suatu alternatif desain drive system pada radar plessey AR 325 commander."