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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pharmaceuticalization pada obat pelangsing tubuh, khususnya menggali penggunaan, pemaknaan obat pelangsing tubuh dan pandangan konsumen perempuan mengenai tubuh ideal yang dilatarbelakangi oleh nilai dan norma mengenai tubuh sehat dan cantik. Berdasarkan hasil studi-studi sebelumnya, proses pharmateucalization terjadi akibat kerja sama antara industri farmasi, ekspektasi budaya dan peran media (Direct-ToConsumer-Advertising) mampu membangun informasi mengenai suatu penyakit serta pentingnya penggunaan obat-obatan. Kurangnya studi yang membahas pharmateucalization obat pelangsing herbal menjadi peluang peneliti untuk menggali lebih dalam mengenai fenomena ini dari sudut pandang para konsumen. Peneliti berargumen bahwa proses pharmaceuticalization obat pelangsing secara mikro terjadi akibat adanya pencampuran dari standarisasi kecantikan, wacana industri medis, farmasi, dan iklan mengenai kegemukan sebagai penyakit yang perlu disembuhkan dengan menormalisasi penggunaan obat gaya hidup (lifestyle drugs). Hasil temuan data memperlihatkan bahwa proses pharmaceuticalization melibatkan banyak aktor seperti perusahaan farmasi, strategi pemasaran obat (DTCA, celebrity endorsement, self-diagnosis), perubahan peran pasien dan konsumen, media massa, wacana kesehatan, wacana kecantikan, dan bantuan agen pendukung lainnya yang melihat berat badan sebagai permasalahan yang perlu diselesaikan dengan penggunaan obat pelangsing herbal yang menjadi lifestyle drugs untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Pada prosesnya, terdapat praktik penggunaan obat pelangsing yang dapat dibahas dari status konsumsi, durasi konsumsi, pola konsumsi, dan pengalaman konsumen terhadap obat pelangsing. Kemudian, obat pelangsing herbal dimaknai oleh perempuan sebagai obat yang memberikan ‘harapan palsu dan semu’ untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup penggunannya dengan menurunkan dan atau menjaga berat badan. Tubuh ideal dimaknai sebagai tubuh yang langsing sesuai dengan wacana kecantikan yang justifikasi merupakan tubuh yang sehat. ...... This study aims to explain the pharmaceuticalization of slimming drugs, in particular, to explore the use and meaning of slimming drugs and the views of female consumers regarding the ideal body based on values and norms regarding a healthy and beautiful body. Based on the results of previous studies, the pharmateucalization process occurs as a result of cooperation between the pharmaceutical industry, cultural expectations, and the role of the media (Direct-To-ConsumerAdvertising) to build information about a disease and the importance of using drugs. The lack of studies discussing the pharmaceuticalization of herbal slimming drugs is an opportunity for researchers to dig deeper into this phenomenon from consumers point of view. The researcher argues that the pharmaceuticalization process of slimming drugs on a micro basis occurs due to the mixing of beauty standardization, medical industry discourse, pharmaceuticals, and advertisements regarding obesity as a disease that needs cured by normalizing the use of lifestyle drugs. The data findings show that the pharmaceuticalization process involves many actors such as pharmaceutical companies, drug marketing strategies (DTCA, celebrity endorsement, selfdiagnosis), changing roles of patients and consumers, mass media, health discourse, beauty discourse, and the help of other supporting agents who see the weight is a problem that needs to be solved by using herbal slimming drugs which are lifestyle drugs to improve the quality of life. In the process, there is a practice of using slimming drugs that can be discussed from consumption status, duration of consumption, consumption patterns, and consumer experiences with slimming drugs. Then, herbal slimming drugs are interpreted by women as drugs that give 'false and false hopes' to improve the quality of life of their users by losing and or maintaining weight. The ideal body is defined as a slim body following the discourse of beauty which justifies a healthy body.

Abstrak :
World Health Organization (WHO) state that breast cancel is second cause of death among ether cancer illness. Up to wow, what become a a major factor that caused the breast cancer has known yet, but it mas believed that the relation of some factors can improve the risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer is believed happened because of a complicated interaction between many factors like genetic, environment and hormonal, which one of them is abundant estrogen hormone rate in women's body. This research is aim to knoe the risk level that caused by She use of combination contraception pills, which is combination of estrogen and progesterone with the breast cancer risk. The research use case control method in hospital based with period of September-Desember 2004 at Perjan RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Hie research results show Shut the user of combination contraception pill has the risk to have breast cancer 1,864 tunes bigger compare with them who doesn't take that pills. However, the combination contraception pills is not the major risk factor but it's only a light factor to increase the risk of breast cancer.

Abstrak :
Kecemasan akan kembalinya kesuburan pascaputus pakai kontrasepsi yang tidak pasti berdampak negatif pada penggunaan kontrasepsi di Indonesia. Banyak perempuan meyakini mitos kontrasepsi menyebabkan kemandulan termasuk Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) seperti yang ditunjukkan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2007, 2012 dan 2017 dimana tidak ada perempuan yang putus pakai MKJP sebelum mempunyai anak. Penelitian ini membuktikan mitos tersebut tidak benar, karena kesuburan dapat segera kembali sebelum satu tahun pascaputus pakai kontrasepsi. Analisis kesintasan digunakan dalam mengestimasi kembalinya kesuburan pascaputus pakai kontrasepsi. Metode kontrasepsi yang diteliti pada SDKI yaitu pil, suntikan, IUD dan implant yang digunakan selama 5 tahun sebelum 2007, 2012 dan 2017. Sebanyak 4573 episode (SDKI 2007), 5183 episode (SDKI 2012) and 5989 episode (SDKI 2017) dari perempuan yang putus pakai kontrasepsi karena ingin hamil diikuti secara retrospektif. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Stata IC 15.1. Perempuan pemakai IUD hamil lebih cepat dibandingkan mereka yang menggunakan implan, pil dan suntikan. Tingkat kehamilan kumulatif selama 1 tahun pascaputus pakai kontrasepsi adalah 72%-85% untuk IUD, 75%-81% untuk pil, 72%-76% untuk implan and 65%- 67% untuk suntikan. Tingkat kehamilan pada 2 tahun pascaputus pakai pada keempat kontrasepsi mencapai 82%-92%. Tingkat kehamilan meningkat pada perempuan usia muda. Terjadinya kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan jumlah anak, penyakit menular seksual, pengetahuan tentang masa subur, tingkat kesejahteraan dan tempat tinggal. Penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan adanya gangguan kesuburan yang disebabkan oleh putus pakai kontrasepsi. Studi ini merekomendasikan untuk penguatan konseling pada pra dan pasca pelayanan KB, pengembangan materi KIE dan konseling yang komprehensif serta penguatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan dan non kesehatan dalam konseling. ...... The fear that resumption of fertility after discontinuation of contraception are uncertain or inconclusive has a negative impact on utilization of contraceptive methods in Indonesia. Many women belief that contraceptive methods cause infertility including Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive (LARC), as shown by the 2007, 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data that not even one woman would discontinue LARC before the first pregnancy. Therefore, this study presented evidence that this belief is not true, because it took less than one year to resume fertility after the discontinuation of contraceptive methods. A survival analysis was used to assess the time of fertility resumption after discontinuation of reversible contraceptive methods. Type of contraception analysed included pills, injectables, Intrauterine Devices (IUD) and implants within the last 5 years preceding the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007, 2012 and 2017. As many as 4573 episodes (IDHS 2007), 5183 episodes (IDHS 2012) and 5989 episodes (IDHS 2017) of women who discontinued the use of reversible contraceptive methods for the reason of planned pregnancy were followed retrospectively. Data analysis was performed using Stata IC 15.1. Women who had been using IUD achieved faster to become pregnant than ex-implant users, ex-pill users and ex-injectable users. The 1-year pregnancy rates following contraceptive removal were 72%-85% for IUD, 75%-81% for pills, 72%-76% for implants and 65%-67% for injectables. The 2-years pregnancy rates were 82%-92% for pills, injectables, implants and IUDs. The rate of pregnancy was increased in younger women. The long duration of contraceptive used had no impact on reducing pregnancy rates. Time to pregnancy was not related to women's parity, sexually transmitted diseases, knowledge of fertile window, women's wealth status and place of residence. The study did not show any impaired fertility caused by the reversible contraceptive discontinuation. It is recommended to strengthen pre and post service counseling, developing IEC material and strengthening the capacity of health and non-health workers in counseling.