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"Para pekerja migran yang kembali ke Indonesia memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan. Pekerja migran dianggap menyediakan remitansi uang selama di luar negeri sehingga pemerintah berharap agar uang tersebut nantinya akan diinvestasikan dalam kegiatan ekonomi ketika kembali ke daerah asalnya untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui kegiatan kewirausahaan mereka. Penelitian ini berfokus pada potensi kewirausahaan pada pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi potensi kewirausahaan pada purna pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI) dan bagaimana peran remitansi sosial yang diperoleh selama bermigrasi ke luar negeri terhadap kewirausahaan purna PMI setelah kembali ke daerah asalnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara dan focus group discussion (FGD) pada purna pekerja migran di daerah Karawang (Jawa Barat), Blitar (Jawa Timur), Kendal (Jawa Tengah), dan Banyumas (Jawa Tengah). Penelitian ini akan menyajikan data deskriptif tentang faktor-faktor yang mendorong pekerja migran untuk berwirausaha dan bagaimana purna pekerja migran tersebut memanfaatkan remitansi sosialnya untuk berwirausaha. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa remitansi sosial yang dibawa pekerja migran ke daerah asalnya berperan dalam mendorong kewirausahaan para purna pekerja migran di daerah Karawang, Blitar, Kendal, dan Banyumas. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar penyusunan usulan kebijakan pengembangan kewirausahaan bagi para pekerja migran, terutama yang telah kembali ke Indonesia. Potensi serta sumber daya purna PMI ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menurunkan pengangguran dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan, serta dalam jangka panjang diharapkan dapat menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan.

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Return migrant workers in Indonesia have great potential to be developed. Migrant workers may provide financial remittance to Indonesia, which can be invested in economic activities when returning to the home country to stimulate economic growth through entrepreneurial activities. This research focuses on the entrepreneurial potential of Indonesian return migrant workers. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of entrepreneurship in Indonesian return migrant workers and how the role of social remittances obtained during migrating abroad to the entrepreneurship of Indonesian return migrant workers after returning to their home regions. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) methods for Indonesian return migrant workers in Karawang (West Java), Blitar (East Java), Kendal (Central Java), and Banyumas (Central Java). This research will present descriptive data on the factors that encourage migrant workers to become entrepreneurs and how these migrant workers utilize their social remittances for entrepreneurship. The results show that the social remittances brought by migrant workers to their home regions play a role in encouraging the entrepreneurship of Indonesian return migrant workers in the Blitar, Kendal, Banyumas, and Karawang areas. We expect the results of the study can be the basis for developing entrepreneurship development policy proposals for migrant workers, especially those who have returned to Indonesia. We finally hope that the potential and resources of Indonesian return migrant workers can help to reduce unemployment and improve welfare, and to reduce poverty in the long run."

"ABSTRACTThe literature on remittance flows has relatively little information on the impacts of remittance outflows on countries. The Russian Federation consistently ranks among the top remittance senders in the world, however the Russian case remains a largely unstudied area. This article addresses this gap. The findings show that remittance outflows are still very small compared with GDP and that the Russian economy will continue to need foreign labor. So called push factors in neighboring countries will also continue to make the Russian Federation an attractive workplace for foreign workers. The authors encourage the Government of the Russian Federation to take pre emptive measures for both political and economic reasons, such as offering more investment opportunities for expatriate workers."

"Ada anggapan umum dalam literatur dan diantara pembuat kebijakan bahwa remitansi migran memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumahtangga migran di daerah asal. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai remitansi baik internasional maupun internal di Indonesia yang dilakukan untuk memberikan kontribusi dalam menilai dampak dari remitansi pada kesejahteraan rumahtangga. Dengan menggunakan data longitudinal dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2007 yaitu pada gelombang 3 dan 4, penelitian ini akan mengamati pengaruh dari perkembangan pendapatan remitansi pada investasi aset rumahtangga sebagai ukuran kesejahteraan antara penerima dan non-penerima. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode propensity score matching (PSM)untuk mengukur dampak pendapatan dari remitansi pada aset rumahtangga dan membandingkannya dengan rumahtangga non-remitansi. Ditemukan bahwa rumahtangga penerima remitansi secara signifikan memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan lebih tinggi sebesar 29,1% pada tahun 2000 dan 22,2% pada tahun 2007 ketika dibandingkan dengan rumahtangga nonpenerima remitansi.

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There is a common assumption in the literature and among policy makers that migrant remittances have an important role in improving the welfare of migrant households in the regions of origin. This study observe the international and internal remittances in Indonesia are being made to contribute in assessing the impact of remittances on household welfare. Using longitudinal data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) during 2000 until 2007 on wave 3 and 4, the study will observe at the impact of the development of remittance income on the household accumulated asset as a measure of well-being between recipients and non-recipients.

This research using propensity score matching (PSM) method to measure the revenue impact of remittances on household assets and comparing it to non-remittance households. It was found that remittance recipient households had significantly higher levels of welfare by 29.1% in 2000 and 22.2% in 2007 when compared to non-recipient households remittances."

"In 2021 Thailand’s Ministry of Labour reported that approximately 2.4 million migrant workers had been permitted to work in Thailand, with two-thirds arriving from Myanmar (Samnak Borihan Raeng Ngan Tang Dao Krom Karn Jad Ha Ngan 2021). For decades, this large number of migrant workers from Myanmar has benefited the Thailand-Myanmar border trade, both directly and indirectly, including the remittances that Burmese migrant workers send to their families back home. This paper studies how the economic activities revolving around border trade developed. It describes how informal remittances from Myanmar migrant workers have become one of the key elements of the massive illicit border trade and introduces the possibility of digital technology replacing traditional informal remittance methods. The data presented here was collected by way of semi-structured interviews with 32 Burmese migrant workers living and working in Samutsakorn Province, nine Thai border traders in Mae Sot, officials, and a Thai financial technology company operating in Myanmar. The interviews revealed that most of the migrant workers had experience using mobile banking and financial applications, they were familiar with the technology, and they were aware of its capacity as an alternative method of sending money back home. However, many still preferred to use informal banking as it benefited them the most. The border traders interviewed for this paper further confirmed that there was still no threat of consequences for payment offsetting. Therefore, the digitalization of banking strengthens the informal banking system as it both hastens and improves the processes of money distribution."