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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penulisan tesis ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bahwa meskipun institusi dan praktek perbudakan telah dihapus dan berakhir, namun masih banyak terjadi perlakuan segregasi yang dilakukan oleh kelompok kulit putih terhadap masyarakat Afro-Amerika. Perlakuan segregasi ini bukan hanya disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan ras dan latar belakang sejarah keberadaan orang-orang Afro--Amerika di benua ,ini, namun juga disebabkan oleh latar belakang kehidupan mereka sehari-hari yang masih saja bergulat dengan kebodohan, kemiskinan. Di lain hal juga adanya suatu pernyataan yang menyatakan bahwa masyarakat Afro-Amerika merupakan masyarakat inferior dan masyarakat kulit putih adalah masyarakat superior. Untuk bisa bangkit dari keterbelakangan dan ketertindasan ini, mereka membutuhkan seorang figur pemimpin. Di tengah-tengah ketidak berdayaan dan harapan mereka tersebut, muncullah seorang figur pemimpin yang mencoba untuk menyuarakan suara hati nurani mereka yaitu Louis Farrakhan. sebagai seorang pemimpin Farrakhan dianggap bisa menyuarakan suara hati mereka kepada penguasa Amerika agar mereka diperlakukan lama dengan anggota masyarakat lainnya sesuai dengan isi Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika. Sebagai seorang figur, Louis Farrakhan mencoba untuk mengakomodir suara hati mereka. Farrakhan mencoba memperjuangkan aspirasi mereka dengan kepiawaian retorika pidatonya diberbagai tempat dan lapisan masyarakat Afro-Amerika, kulit putih, Yahudi maupun kulit berwarna lainnya. Berbagai bentuk pergerakan dan kegiatan telah dilakukan oleh Farrakhan di tengah -tengah masyarakat Afro-Amerika dalam rangka mengangkat, membuka mata mereka dati kebodohan, kemiskinan, ketertinggalan, kemelaratan dan ketertindasan. Farrakhan mencoba menyentuh berbagai sektor terutama sektor : pendidikan, Perekonomian, budaya, agama dan sosial politik. Di lain hal bahwa Farrakhan juga mengatasnamakan kepentingan Islam, padahal tidak semua muslim Amerika terwakili dan mendukung gerakannya. Namun dalam menyuarakan aspirasi masyarakat Afro--Amerika, Farrakhan bersikap rasis dengan banyak mengumbar retorika-retorika anti Yahudi dan anti putih, sehinga menimbulkan kemarahan masyarakat kulit putih dan Yahudi. Hal mni menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat Afro-Amerika dalam kelangsungan kehidupan mereka selanjutnya. Maka banyak tokoh masyarakat Afro-Amerika baik yang muslim maupun non muslim mengecam tindakan Farrakhan, mereka merasa takut karena gerakan yang dipimpin Farrakhan akan membawa petaka bagi mereka.

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ABSTRACT The Nation of Islam : A Farrakhan Struggle.The objective of this thesis is to show that eventhough the institution and application of slavery no longer existed, many segregation practices are still applied toward the Afro-Americans. This phenomena were not only because of the differences in race and historical background, but also characterized by such things in lives, including poverty and stupidity. At the same time there are statements stating that the Afro-Americans are inferior compared to those of the whites. To elevate the status of the Afro Americans, a charismatic leader was cherished, in this case, Louis Farrakhan, was believed as a representative leader who could proclaim the rights of Afro-American citizens. American government is especially considered identical with the white men's rule implemented policies of segregation. The ideas of the Afro American would be a government that treated Afro Americans as equal as stated in the content of the Declaration of Independence. As a leader Farrakhan tried to accommodate his people aspirations with his speech rhetoric. Farrakhan held some activities among the Afro-American society in order to open their eyes from stupidity, poverty, misery and oppression. He also tried to develop many sectors of Afro-Americans' life such as : economy, education, culture, religion and politics. On the other side, some of Farrakhan's activities were held on the name of Islam, however not all American Moslems were represented and supported his activities. In proclaiming Afro-American aspirations, Farrakhan acted racially. He often used his rhetoric to confront and to attack the Jews and the White men, therefore his appearance was fearful and frightened the Afro-American society, and his rhetoric became a threat to their future life. Many Moslems, and Afro-American prominent leaders were upset by his activities. They were afraid that Farrakhan's activities would ruin them.

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Summary: Malcolm Gladwell, with his unparalleled ability to grasp connections others miss, uncovers the hidden rules that shape the balance between the weak and the mighty, the powerful and the dispossessed. Gladwell examines the battlefields of Northern Ireland and Vietnam, takes us into the minds of cancer researchers and civil rights leaders, and digs into the dynamics of successful and unsuccessful classrooms all in an attempt to demonstrate how fundamentally we misunderstand the true meaning of advantages and disadvantages

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ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas pertumbuhan dan peranan dua organisasi buruh yang berbeda konsep tetapi memiliki tujuan akhir yang sama yakni untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan kaum buruh tambang batubara Ombilin Sawah Lunto agar mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pada tahun 1920-an pergerakan serikat pekerja seperti PKBT berjalan secara radikal dan revolusioner dengan diwarnai oleh protes-protes terbuka dan terorganisir yang dilakukannya bersama buruh tambang batubara Ombilin Sawah Lunto. Aksi ini juga di dukung oleh partai politik yang bersifat kontra terhadap pemerintah kolonial Belanda. Setelah terjadinya pemberontakan Silungkang 1926/1927 kondisi ini berubah seiring dengan dikeluarkannya peraturan ketat oleh pemerintah. Pergerakan serikat pekerja pun ikut berubah dengan memilih jalan yang lebih lunak yakni kooperatif terhadap pemerintah kolonial. VBSTOL merupakan serikat pekerja yang memilih jalan tersebut. Organisasi buruh ini memilih jalan memperjuangkan nasib kaum buruh melalui dunia pendidikan dengan mendirikan sekolah INS (Indonesisch Nederlandsche School) di daerah Kayu Tanam dan Sawah Lunto.

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Abstract
The thesis discusses the development and role of two labor organizations, which basically had different concepts, but actually had the same goal, namely to improve the welfare of the coal mine labors in Ombilin, Sawah Lunto, so that these labors had a chance to get a better life. These study concluded that in the 1920s, the labor movement, such as PKBT had been radical, revolutioner and full of protests. This activities they did together with the labour of the Ombilin Sawah Lunto coalmines. This action was also supported by opposing labour political parties against the Dutch Colonial Government. This situation changed in the year 1926/1927 after the Silungkang uprising since the Colonial Government became more strict. The opposing organization then changed the activities from using force to a more indicate attitude, they were more cooperative to the Government. VBSTOL was the organization which chose the way. This labor organization preferred to improve the labors_ fate through education by establishing INS schools in Kayu Tanam and Sawah Lunto.

Abstrak :
While Yugoslav scholars recognize the Bandung Conference as an important milestone in the development of postwar anti-imperialist struggle, it has political and ideological importance in Yugoslavia as a prequel to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and Yugoslavia’s critical role in its inception. NAM was not only a central pillar of Yugoslav foreign policy but also an equally critical component of Yugoslav self-understanding of its domestic political project. This chapter examines the conceptual tensions and political failures of that vision. However, it also explores how the vision can serve as a productive foil against which to understand the current global socioeconomic and political conjunctures, and offer resources through which we can struggle against the “nested hegemonies” of the current context. Yugoslavia was not just another communist state; rather, it was a unique sociopolitical enterprise that incarnated the success of national, social, and geopolitical struggles for emancipation. This view was rehearsed in party forums, further elaborated in academic journals, and literally broadcasted to the wider public. Every morning, the opening of TV Kalendar (an “on this day in history” educational broadcast) showed Tito, Nehru, and Nasser shaking hands on the island of Brioni in 1955, sealing their agreement to found the Non-Aligned Movement. In defending Yugoslavia’s central role in the Third World, commentators strove to show how Tito’s international strategy and “entire life path” anticipated the concerns and aspirations of Bandung – ahead of Bandung

Abstrak :
The wave of democratization following the fall of Soeharto's regime in 1998, has led to an on going struggle to define and advance the people's right to free speech - a right which in reality had never been guaranteed prior to the second constitutional amendement of the year 2000....

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai peran dan perjuangan dari kaum nasionalis Ambon membawa Ambon menjadi bagian dari Republik Indonesia. Perjuangan mereka dimulai dari masa pendudukan Jepang hingga Ambon menjadi bagian dari NKRI. Peran dan perjuangan yang dilakukan oleh kaum nasionalis Ambon adalah melalui diplomasi dan juga parlementer. Mereka juga memilih memanfaatkan Jepang dan Belanda untuk mencapai tujuan mereka. Tidak semua orang Ambon pro terhadap Belanda. Di Ambon juga terdapat golongan yang berjuang untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia dan berusaha untuk mengembalikan wilayah Ambon ke dalam bagian dari wilayah Republik Indonesia.

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Abstract
The Focus of this thesis is on the role and struggle of the Ambonese nationalist group which was successful in bringing Ambon to be a part of the republic of Indonesia. Their role and struggle started since the Japanese occupation in Ambon until the Republic of Indonesia became a Unitary State. The Ambonese natioanalist choose the diplomatic and parliamentary ways to reach their goal. They even prefer to make use of the Japanese and the Dutch to realize their idealist. Not all Ambonese people at that time were for the Dutch, freedom fighters. The Ambonese during the Japanese and the Dutch period struggle for the Indonesian independence and also to make Ambon a part of the Republic of Indonesia.