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Hasil Pencarian

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Nuzalia Safanta
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tingkat konsumsi rokok di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahun sehingga mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan masyarakat. Konsumsi rokok merupakan salah satu penyebab faktor risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular. Upaya pemerintah dalam mengendalikan rokok diatur dalam PP 109 tahun 2012. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok terhadap status kesehatan masyarakat dalam upaya pengendalian produk tembakau di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) dengan metode mix method. Desain penelitian ini sequential eksplanatory design, didahului analisis data kuantitif pada 5.221 responden dan dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif. Variabel independen terdiri dari provinsi, umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, penghasilan, usia mulai merokok, jumlah rokok, jenis rokok, dan kesulitan menahan diri untuk tidak merokok di tempat umum. Variabel dependen yaitu status kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan status kesehatan adalah provinsi (OR 1,504); jenis kelamin (OR 2.574); pekerjaan (OR 8,730-19,275); penghasilan (OR 0,501-1,366); usia mulai merokok (OR 1,019); jenis rokok (OR 1,076-3,023). Pengendalian tembakau belum berhasil, pemerintah harus lebih serius, tegas, dan ketat dalam membuat regulasi pengendalian tembakau sehingga dapat menekan tingkat konsumsi rokok di Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
The level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia increases every year so that it affects the condition of public health. Cigarette consumption is one of the causes of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. Government efforts in controlling cigarettes are regulated in PP 109 of 2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of smoking habits to public health status in efforts to control tobacco products in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) with the mix method. The design of this research is sequential explanatory design, preceded by analysis of quantitative data on 5,221 respondents and continued with qualitative research. The independent variable consisted of province, age, gender, occupation, income, age when smoking started, number of cigarettes, types of cigarettes, and difficulty refraining from smoking in public places. The dependent variable is the health status of the Indonesian people. The final results show that the variables that have a significant relationship with health status are provinces (OR 1,504); gender (OR 2,574); occupation (OR 8,730-19,275); income (OR 0.501-1,366); age at smoking time (OR 1,019); types of cigarettes (OR 1,076-3,023). Tobacco control has not been successful, the government must be more serious, decisive, and strict in making tobacco control regulations so that it can reduce the level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia.
2019
T54967
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Suci Puspita Ratih
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Electronic cigarettes e-cigarettes , of which the health effects are still unknown, are significantly gaining their popularity in Indonesia. A massive news release on the internet talking about e-cigarettes might contribute to robust public rsquo;s concern about the use of e-cigarettes that could influence policy makers in considering the regulation of these devices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how online mass media frame the message of e-cigarettes based upon topics of the story, news source, and coverage of benefits and harms of these products. This study performed a content-analysis method using a variable coding sheet in four popular online news media in Indonesia. This study found 418 articles mentioning about e-cigarettes of which 320 articles 76.6 were included in the content analysis. Majority of the article 70.9 have a negative frame and mainly talked about the policy issue of these devices. The news source that was frequently used in the articles is scientist/researcher 34.7 . The studied articles mostly presented harms of e-cigarettes rather than their benefits. Thus, most of the online news media tend to present unfavourable stories about e-cigarettes and might try to influence the readers to oppose these products.
ABSTRACT
Electronic cigarettes e cigarettes , of which the health effects are still unknown, are significantly gaining their popularity in Indonesia. A massive news release on the internet talking about e cigarettes might contribute to robust public rsquo s concern about the use of e cigarettes that could influence policy makers in considering the regulation of these devices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how online mass media frame the message of e cigarettes based upon topics of the story, news source, and coverage of benefits and harms of these products. This study performed a content analysis method using a variable coding sheet in four popular online news media in Indonesia. This study found 418 articles mentioning about e cigarettes of which 320 articles 76.6 were included in the content analysis. Majority of the article 70.9 have a negative frame and mainly talked about the policy issue of these devices. The news source that was frequently used in the articles is scientist researcher 34.7 . The studied articles mostly presented harms of e cigarettes rather than their benefits. Thus, most of the online news media tend to present unfavourable stories about e cigarettes and might try to influence the readers to oppose these products.
Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T49277
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hasibuan, Johannes
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini memperluas literatur perilaku merokok anak di Indonesia dengan mengidentifikasi determinan perilaku merokok di lingkungan tempat tinggal. Perilaku merokok dibagi kedalam tiga kelompok umur yaitu 7-12, 13-15 dan 16-18. Penelitian berdasarkan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2015 dengan menggunakan pendekatan regresi probit menemukan bahwa peer dan price mempengaruhi perilaku merokok anak, kami menemukan bahwa (1) peningkatan 1 % individu yang mengkonsumsi rokok meningkatkan peluang anak untuk merokok sebesar 2%, (2) peer effect lebih kuat pada kelompok anak yang lebih muda, (3) Peer effect berpengaruh terhadap perilaku anak baik di daerah Jawa/ luar Jawa baik secara urban/rural, (4) Peningkatan harga rokok mengurangi peluang anak untuk mengkonsumsi rokok. Hasil estimasi kami dapat di jadikan dasar kebijakan pengendalian tembakau khususnya kebijakan kenaikan harga rokok. ......This study expands the literature on children's behavior in Indonesia by identifying smoking behavior in the neighborhood. Smoking behavior is divided into three age groups 7-12, 13-15 and 16-18. Research based on 2015 National SocioEconomic Survey data (SUSENAS) using probit regression approach found that peer and price influence children's smoking behavior, we find that (1) an increase of 1% of individuals who consume cigarettes increases children's chances of smoking by 2%, (2) the influence of Peer effect is stronger in the younger group of children, (3) Peer effect affects the behavior of children both in Java / outside Java both in urban / rural areas, (4) Increase in cigarette prices reduces children's opportunities to consume cigarettes. Our estimation results can be used as the basis for tobacco control policies, especially policies on increasing cigarette prices.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2020
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Auditya Firza Saputra
Abstrak :
Tesis ini mengulas secara kritis fenomena hegemoni industri rokok di Indonesia, yang salah satunya dibentuk lewat praktik CSR beserta berbagai persoalan implikasi hukum dan sosiologis yang tercipta karenanya. Sejak 2015, Indonesia ditetapkan sebagai salah satu negara dengan angka perokok remaja terbanyak di dunia. Tingginya angka perokok muda membawa berbagai masalah kesehatan dan kesejahteraan akibat konsumsi rokok yang eksesif. Rokok tanpa disadari telah menjadi kelaziman dalam kehidupan sehari- hari masyarakat. Permasalahan tersebut mengakar dari lemahnya regulasi di lapisan substansi hukum, penegakan yang tidak maksimal di tingkat struktur hukum, maupun kelemahan kultur hukum yang menyebabkan tidak optimalnya kerja kebijakan pengendalian tembakau yang ada. Model CSR filantropi yang dijalankan korporasi rokok dalam bentuk beasiswa pendidikan, sponsor acara olahraga dan musik, derma sosial dan sejenisnya, punya andil dalam menciptakan situasi tersebut. Begitupun persoalan pengaturan tentang periklanan rokok subliminal yang membuat produk tersebut semakin terasosiasikan dengan konstruksi sosial tertentu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa praktik CSR korporasi rokok masih jauh dari prinsip CSR sebagaimana mestinya, baik dalam standar ISO 26000 maupun Pedoman Bisnis dan HAM PBB. Seharusnya CSR berkonsentrasi pada upaya meminimalisir dampak buruk pada masyarakat, dan hal ini menjadi penting karena inti bisnis yang dijalankan berbahaya dan berdampak langsung pada kesehatan masyarakat. Sebaliknya, praktik CSR industri rokok selama ini justru dijadikan celah promosi atas segala pembatasan aturan yang telah dibuat terhadapnya. Lebih dari itu, CSR digunakan sebagai medium untuk mendapatkan legitimasi moral dari masyarakat agar dapat terus beroperasi dan mendominasi pasar. Temuan penelitian empiris menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara hegemoni dan hegemoni tandingannya terhadap ekspektasi tanggung jawab sosial korporasi di mata konsumennya: semakin tinggi seorang menganggap industri rokok punya jasa-jasa dan kontribusi positif, semakin rendah pula ekspektasinya akan pertanggungjawaban korporasi rokok. Masyarakat sendiri masih gagal melihat isu etis di dalam penyelenggaraan CSR industri rokok. Solusi alternatif yang bisa ditempuh untuk mengoreksi anomali praktik CSR tadi adalah dengan dua skema: pertama, menghentikan kegiatan CSR filantropi dan mengalihkan pengalokasiannya untuk program kolaborasi dengan pihak ketiga, yang dalam hal ini adalah kelompok kepentingan pengendalian tembakau, dalam hal ini stakeholder di bidang advokasi kesehatan masyarakat, untuk menjalankan program pengendalian peredaran produk rokok dalam bentuk edukasi unit-unit penjualan, agen periklanan; serta kedua, menempatkan agen pengendalian pada unit-unit penjualan yang akan berada di bawah tanggung jawab langsung korporasi rokok. ......This thesis critically reviews the hegemony phenomenon in Indonesian tobacco industry, one of which was believed to be formed through the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices, along with its various legal and sociological implications created upon. Since 2015, Indonesia has been named as one of the countries with the highest number of teen and child smokers in the world. Such phenomenon has been linked into various health and welfare issues which was caused by excessive cigarrette consumption. Cigarrette-smoking had been unwittingly associated as a normal habit in society’s daily lifestyle. Some of these problems rooted in the weak regulations at the level of legal substance, the minimum act of enforcement upon the legal structure, and the permissive legal culture which causing the issued tobacco control policy failing to work optimally. The philantrophic CSR done by tobacco industries in the form of education scholarship, sport or music events sponshorship, charity, and its kind, have a stake in creating such situtaions. Not to mention the regulation problem on subliminal ciggarette advertisement which caused the product associated to particular social construction. The analysis shows that the tobacco corporation has not yet implemented the CSR as it should under the standard of ISO 26000 and UN Guidelines on Business and Human Rights’ regime, whereas the focus must be on minimalizing adverse effect on society. The issue is critical since the core business is classified as dangerous and having direct impact on public health. Instead, CSR mostly used intentionally as a promotional instrument to perpetuate the dominance of tobacco industry, due to all the restriction policy having issued against them. It became a means to gain moral and intellectual legimitacy from the community for the tobacco industry in order to keep on operating its business as usual. The research findings show significant influence between the hegemony and its counter- hegemony on its consumer expectations of business responsibilities: the higher one considers the cigarette industry having positive contributions, the lower the expectations one’s had of corporate responsibility for tobacco industries. Thus, society has been failing and unaware to detect the ethical issues within the implementation of tobacco industry social responsibilty. An alternative solution to correct such anomalous CSR practices is offered within two schemes: First, ceasing the act of corporate philanthropy and diverting its allocation for collaborative program with the third parties, in this case the tobacco control interest group consisting of public health stakeholders including professionals to run product control program in the form of education sales units, advertising agencies; and Secondly, placing controlling agents upon sales units or retails within direct responsibility of the cigarette corporation.
Depok: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2020
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library