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"ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur efektivitas dari pelatihan Sekolah Ramah Inklusi (SERASI) untuk menumbuhkan sikap positif siswa reguler terhadap Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus (SBK) di sekolah dasar inklusif. Pelatihan SERASI didasarkan pada model sikap Triandis (1971) yang meliputi 3 komponen: kognitif, afektif, dan perilaku. Penelitian kuasi-eksperimental dengan pre- and post-nonequivalent control group dirancang untuk melihat efektivitas pelatihan. Sebanyak 81 siswa berpartisipasi di dalam penelitian ini. Partisipan dibagi ke dalam kelompok kontrol (N = 48) dan kelompok eksperimental (N = 33). Kelompok eksperimen diberikan enam sesi pelatihan mengenai disabilitas. Materi pelatihan mengangkat topik mengenai disabilitas secara umum, disabilitas fisik, gangguan sensorik, disabilitas intelektual, kesulitan belajar dan autisme. Untuk mengukur efek dari pelatihan, Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children With Handicaps (CATCH) digunakan untuk mengukur sikap siswa reguler dalam tiga kali pengukuran: sebelum pelatihan, sesaat setelah pelatihan, dan tiga bulan setelah pelatihan. Uji statistik T-test digunakan untuk menganalisa dampak pelatihan SERASI pada sikap siswa reguler terhadap SBK. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan sikap yang signifikan antara sebelum (M=50.48, SD=3.76) dan setelah (M=49.67, SD=4.54) pelatihan SERASI, t(32)=1.092, p=0.283 dan tiga bulan setelah pelatihan, t(32)=0.910, p=0.37. Selain itu, tidak ada pula perbedaan perubahan sikap baik sebelum dan setelah pelatihan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol, t(32)=1.092, p=0.283, dan tiga bulan setelah pelatihan t(32)=0.910, p=0.37. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan SERASI belum efektif dalam menumbuhkan sikap positif siswa reguler terhadap SBK.

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ABSTRACT

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of Sekolah Ramah Inklusi (SERASI) training in improving regular students' positive attitude toward students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in primary inclusive school. SERASI training is based on the Triandis model of attitudes which includes 3 components: cognitive, affective and behavioral. A quasi-experimental with pre- and post-nonequivalent control group was designed to examine the effectiveness of SERASI training. A total of 81 students participated in this study. Participants were divided into a control (n = 48) and an experimental group (n = 33). The experimental group attended six training sessions that spread in three-days. The training material covering topics about disabilities in general, physical disabilities, sensory disabilities, intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, and autism. To establish the effect of the training program, Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children With Handicaps (CATCH) were used to measure regular students' attitude at three moments: prior to the training, immediately after the training and three months after the training. A T-test was conducted to examine the impact of SERASI training to regular students' attitude toward students with SEN. The result shows that there was no significant difference between before (M=50.48, SD=3.76) and after (M=49.67, SD=4.54) the SERASI training t(32)=1.092, p=0.283, and three months after the training t(32)=0.910, p=0.37. Additionally, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group before to after training, t(32)=1.092, p=0.283, and three months after training, t(32)=0.910, p=0.37. Thus, the result did not suggest that SERASI training was an effective practice in promoting students' positive attitude toward students with SEN.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas Pelatihan Sekolah Ramah Inklusi (SERASI) untuk menumbuhkan sikap positif orang tua terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Sikap orang tua diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner PATCH yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam versi Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimental. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua siswa reguler di salah satu sekolah dasar inklusif di Kota Jakarta berjumlah 44 orang tua, yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Pelatihan disusun bersama rekan peneliti yang menjalankan versi pelatihan SERASI pada siswa dan guru. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti fokus pada versi pelatihan SERASI pada orang tua. Pelatihan dilakukan selama dua hari dan terdiri dari 7 (tujuh) sesi. Modul pelatihan dirancang berdasarkan tiga komponen sikap (kognitif, afektif dan perilaku). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelatihan SERASI pada orang tua secara signifikan efektif dalam menumbuhkan sikap positif orang tua terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Hasil ini terbukti bertahan pada komponen kognitif dan afektif, namun menurun pada komponen perilaku saat pengukuran setelah tiga bulan pelatihan. Kepada pihak sekolah disarankan untuk melakukan follow up terkait perencanaan partisipan dalam mendukung pendidikan inklusif. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mempertimbangkan keragaman demografi partisipan.

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This study aims to examine Sekolah Ramah Inklusi (SERASI) training in improving parents positive attitudes towards students with special needs. The attitude of parents was measured by the PATCH questionnaire that has been adapted into Bahasa version. This is a quasi-experimental study. Participants were 44 parents of regular students in an inclusive elementary school in Jakarta. They were divided into experimental groups and control groups. The training was designed by involving researchers who focus on SERASI training version for students and teachers. In this study, research focused on SERASI training for parents. The training was conducted in two days and consisted of 7 (seven) sessions. The training module was designed based on three components of attitude (cognitive, affective and behavior). The result shows that SERASI training can increase parents positive attitude towards students with special needs. This result proved to be persistent in the cognitive and affective components but decreased in the behavior component at measurement after three months of training. School parties were suggested to follow up on planning participation in supporting inclusive education. Future research is recommended to consider various demographics of participants. "

"ABSTRAKDeteksi antibodi bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya antibodi ireguler terhadap sel darah merah di dalam plasma pasien. Sampai saat ini, kegiatan pelayanan transfusi darah di Indonesia masih bergantung pada uji silang serasi yang masih kemungkinan adanya antibodi ireguler yang tidak terdeteksi. Antibodi tersebut dapat menyebabkan terjadinya reaksi transfusi tipe lambat yang ditandai dengan penurunan hemoglobin dan peningkatan kadar bilirubin. Upaya keamanan pada pasien transfusi perlu ditingkatkan dengan diterapkan uji saring antibodi secara rutin pada pemeriksaan pra-transfusi. Tujuh ratus sampel pasien yang meminta darah ke laboratorium pelayanan pasien di UTD PMI DKI Jakarta dilakukan uji saring antibodi dan uji silang serasi secara otomatis dengan alat Ortho AutoVue Innova dengan Column Agglutination Technology. Untuk membuktikan kompatibel palsu dipilih 10 plasma pasien yang mengandung antibodi untuk dilakukan uji silang serasi mayor dengan 70 sampel darah donor. Hasil kompatibel dilakukan konfirmasi dengan antigen typing pada donor. Semua sampel pasien yang tidak memiliki antibodi 100 kompatibel pada uji silang serasi mayor. Dari 70 sampel dengan hasil kompatibel pada uji silang serasi mayor ditemukan 14 20 hasil negatif palsu. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan uji saring antibodi lebih mampu mendeteksi antibodi pada plasma pasien dan aman digunakan dalam pemeriksaan pra-transfusi.

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ABSTRACTDetection of antibody aims to detection of irregular antibody on the blood cell in patient plasma. Until now, blood transfusion in Indonesia in terms still depending on the crossmatch is still risking on undetected irregular antibody. The irregular antibody may cause a delayed hemolytic transfusion with hemoglobin reduction and bilirubin increase as the symptoms. Patient with blood transfusion 39 s safety needs to be improved by routine antibody screening on pre transfusiontest. 700 samples of patients who requested blood to the patient care laboratory in UTD PMI DKI Jakarta were antibody screening and major crossmatch automatically with Ortho tool AutoVue Innova with Column Agglutination Technology. To prove false compatible, 10 patient 39 s plasma containing antibodies have been selected to be tested by major of crossmatch with 70 blood donor samples. Compatible Results were confirmed with antigen typing. All samples of patients who did not have antibodies 100 compatible on crossmatch test. from 70 samples which compatible on major crossmatch test was found 14 20 of false negative results. This study suggests the antibody screening which capable of detecting antibodies in the patient 39 s plasma and safely used in the pre transfusion test. "

"Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus masih menjadi salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan angka kejadian yang terus meningkat dan menyebabkan komplikasi berbagai organ bagi penderitanya. Lansia menjadi populasi paling berisiko terkena Diabetes Mellitus karena telah mengalami penurunan fungsi organ pankreas sehingga terjadi kegagalan sekresi hormon insulin.  Lansia dengan diabetes mellitus membutuhkan dukungan baik dari keluarga maupun komunitas disekitarnya untuk dapat menjalankan perawatan diri. Intervensi keperawatan melalui pendekatan pada keluarga dan kelompok dinilai dapat meningkatkan perilaku perawatan diri lansia DM. Karya ilmiah akhir spesialis ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pengaruh penerapan Cegah dan Rawat Diabetes melalui Serat, Aktivitas dan Relaksasi (CERDAS SERASI) sebagai bentuk praktik keperawatan berbasis fakta pada lansia DM di keluarga dan komunitas. Metode penelitian dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah studi kasus terhadao keluarga dan kelompok binaan. Hasil evaluasi terhadap 10 keluarga binaan menunjukkan terjadinya peningakatan kemandirian keluarga setelah diintervensi selama 6 bulan. Selain itu baik keluarga maupun kelompok yang dilakukan intervensi CERDAS SERASI menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan perilaku perawatan diri lansia DM meliputi peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dalam melakukan perawatan diri DM. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada perilaku perawatan diri dan penurunan kadar glukosa darah lansia DM sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (p=0.000) dan perubahan pada status kemandirian fungsional lansia setelah dilakukan intervensi kelompok (p=0.000). Intervensi CERDAS SERASI efektif dalam meningkatkan perilaku perawatan diri, penurunan kadar glukosa darah, dan peningkatan status kemandirian fungsional lansia. Intervensi ini sebaiknya dilakukan berkelanjutan untuk mempertahankan status kesehatan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia dengan maslah penyakit diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetes Mellitus is still a non-communicable disease with an increasing incidence and causing complications in various organs for sufferers. The elderly are the population most at risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus because they have experienced a decrease in the function of the pancreas organ resulting in failure of insulin secretion. The elderly with diabetes mellitus need support from both their family and the surrounding community to be able to carry out self-care. Nursing interventions through approaches to families and groups are considered to be able to improve self-care behavior of DM elderly. This specialist's final scientific work aims to provide an overview of the effect of implementing Prevent and Treat Diabetes through Fiber, Activity and Relaxation (CERDAS SERASI) as a form of fact-based nursing practice for DM elderly in the family and community. The research method in this paper is a case study of families and target groups. The results of the evaluation of 10 assisted families showed an increase in family independence after 6 months of intervention. In addition, both families and groups with the CERDAS SERASI intervention showed an increase in self-care behavior for the elderly with DM including increased knowledge, attitudes and skills in self-care for DM. Further analysis showed that there were significant differences in self-care behavior and a decrease in blood glucose levels in DM elderly before and after the intervention (p=0.000) and changes in the functional independence status of the elderly after group intervention (p=0.000). The SMART SERASI intervention was effective in improving self-care behavior, decreasing blood glucose levels, and increasing the functional independence status of the elderly. This intervention should be carried out continuously to maintain health status and improve the quality of life of the elderly with diabetes mellitus."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah program SERASI (Sekolah Ramah Inklusi) sebagai program pencegahan perundungan dapat meningkatkan intensi menolong saksi sebaya (peer bystander) dalam situasi perundungan terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Program SERASI terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu komponen disability awareness dan bullying awareness. Sembilan belas partisipan mengikuti program selama tiga hari dalam enam sesi. Materi program mencakup topik tentang pendidikan inklusif, disabilitas, simulasi disabilitas, perundungan, peran dalam situasi perundungan, pentingnya peran saksi dan strategi untuk menolong korban perundungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekperimental-kuasi dengan desain within-subject. Pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu sebelum (pre-test), sesudah (post-test), dan tiga bulan setelah (post post-test) pelaksanaan program SERASI. Hasil analisis statistik paired sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada intensi menolong saksi sebaya setelah mengikuti program SERASI (M pre-test = 3.495; M post-test = 3.547; t = .845; df = 18; p = 0.409) maupun tiga bulan setelah mengikuti program SERASI (M post-test = 3.547; M post post-test = 3.511; t = -.481; df = 18; p = 0.636). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa program SERASI belum dapat meningkatkan intensi menolong saksi sebaya (peer bystander) dalam situasi perundungan terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus.

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This study aims to investigate whether the SERASI (Sekolah Ramah Inklusi) programme as a bullying prevention programme can improve peer bystander's helping intention in bullying situation towards special educational needs students in inclusive school. The SERASI programme consists of disability awareness part and bullying awareness part. Nineteen participants participated for three days in six sessions. Training material covered topics about inclusive education, disabilities, simulations, bullying, role in bullying situations, the importance of bystander roles, and strategies to support bullying victims. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a within-subject design. Measurement carried three times, at before (pre-test), immediately after (post-test), and three months after (post post-test) implementation of SERASI programme. Results of statistical analysis using paired sample t-test showed no significant improvement in peer bystander's helping intention after participated in the SERASI programme (M pre-test = 3.495; M post-test = 3.547; t = .845; df = 18; p = 0.409) three months after the programme (M post-test = 3.547; M post post-test = 3.511; t =-.481; df = 18; p = 0.636). These results indicate that the SERASI programme has not been proven effective in improving peer bystander's helping intention in bullying situation towards special educational needs students in inclusive school."