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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model utilisasi layanan penanganan balita sakit di Masyarakat. Studi ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS), Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia yang menerapkan program MTBS-M/REACH sejak tahun 2010. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai studi ekologi yang menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional untuk studi kuantitatif. Sejumlah 5.502 dari 7.675 anak usis 0-59 bulan terlibat dalam studi ini. Analisis kluster dilakukan untuk menghasilkan data 40 desa sebagai unit analisis statistik. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat regresi linier berganda didapatkan bahwa tingkat keberdayaan masyarakat dapat memprediksi utililisasi layanan promotif-preventif (β = 0.355; R2 = 16%). Secara bersama-sama, tingkat keberdayaan masyarakat (β = 0.196) dan availabilitas kader (β = 0.678) dapat memprediksi utilisasi layanan kuratif dengan R2 = 52.5%. Model spasial menunjukkan pola bahwa semakin tinggi aksesibilitas suatu desa, semakin tinggi utilisasi layanan di desa tersebut. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa upaya penanganan balita sakit di masyarakat melalui program MTBS-M relevan untuk diterapkan di banyak daerah di Indonesia yang masih menghadapi hambatan aksesibilitas geografis dan availabilitas fasilitas kesehatan.

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This studi's aim is to develop a model of service utilization on community case management of childhood illnesses. It was conducetd in Central Southern Timor (CST) district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia which implements C-IMCI/REACH program since 2010. This is a combined qualitativequantitative- qualitative study. The research was designed as an ecology study, using cross sectional method of quantitative study. 5.502 out of 7.675 children under five years old were involved in this study. Cluster analysis was done to produce analysis unit of 40 villages to be used for further statistic data processing. In multivariate of linier regression, we found that the level of community empowerment can predict the utilization of promotive-preventive services (β = 0.355; R2 = 16%). Altogether, the level of community empowerment (β = 0.196) and the cadre availability (β = 0.678) can predict curative utilization with R2 = 52.5%. Spatial model shows the patern that the higher accessibility of village the higher service utilization will be. This study concludes if delivery service of community case management of childhood illnesses through the CIMCI program is relevant to be implemented in many areas in Indonesia which have barrier in geographic accessibility and health facility availability"

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang penerapan kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok (KTR) pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model prediksi implementasi. Tujuannya adalah untuk menganalisis dinamika penerapan KTR di level kabupaten/kota yang diformulasikan dalam berbagai format kebijakan, mulai dari keputusan bupati/walikota sampai dengan dalam bentuk peraturan daerah, yang telah diberlakukan selama belasan tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, untuk menganalisis, menginterpretasi dan menghasilkan model prediktif mengenai kebijakan KTR data primer dan sekunder tingkat nasional dan lokal yakni empat wilayah yang dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian yaitu: Kota Palembang, Kabupaten Karawang, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, dan Kota Mataram. Adapun analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis uji-T, cross-tab, dan regresi logistik; dan didukung dengan metode analisis kualitatif untuk pengayaan hasil yang komprehensif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan model prediksi penerapan kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok dengan dukungan dan demand dari daerahnya bisa terwujud jika faktor dukungan pajak rokok tinggi, tidak memiliki pertanian tembakau dan faktor demand hipertensi penduduknya tinggi, penduduk miskin lebih rendah, pendidikan masyarakatnya lebih tinggi, jumlah merokoknya lebih tinggi, pengeluaran merokoknya lebih tinggi dan angka harapan hidupnya lebih tinggi. Adanya dukungan di daerah komitment dan keberanian dari kepala daerahnya dalam kepedulian dan menyelamatkan kesehatan masyarakatnya merupakan dukungan yang cepat dalam menerapkan kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok. Dengan pemetaan kuadran wilayah kabupaten kota dapat diupayakan penerapannya melalui skenario strategi jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dalam peta jalan lima tahun selama satu periode pemerintahan harus bisa menerapkan kebijakan peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok.

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This study discusses the implementation of Smoke Free Zone policy (KTR) at the district / city in Indonesia using a predictive model implementation. The goal is to analyze the dynamics of the implementation at the district level KTR / city policies formulated in a variety of formats, ranging from decision regent / mayor up to in the form of local regulations, which have been imposed on a dozen years. This study uses quantitative and qualitative approach, to analyze, interpret and generate predictive models regarding policies KTR primary data and secondary of national and local levels that are four areas that serve as the research sample are: Palembang City, Karawang District, North Lombok District and Mataram City. The analysis used was a T-test analysis, cross-tabs, and logistic regression; and supported by qualitative analysis method for enrichment comprehensive results.The results showed that the application of the model prediction with the smoking area policy support and demand from the region could be achieved if factors support higher cigarette taxes, do not have a tobacco farm and demand factors hypertension high population, poverty is lower, the higher education community, the number of smoking higher, the higher the smoking spending and higher life expectancy. There is a supported in the commitment and courage of the head region in and save the health care community is quick support in implementing the policy of no-smoking areas. With a district-quadrant mapping can be pursued through the implementation of long-term strategic scenarios and short-term five-year roadmap for the period of administration should be able to implement the policy of nosmoking areas of local regulations."

"ABSTRAKTingginya angka penolakan pasien di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Jawa Barat yangmencapai 300-400 pasien per tahun tidak sejalan dengan angka kinerja rumahsakit pada tahun 2013. Penelitian bertujuan menggambarkan cetak biru pelayananpasien dalam mendapatkan pelayanan rawat inap dan menemukan titik potensiperbaikan dengan pengamatan pada lima unit pelayanan yang terlibat. Penelitianini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik penelitian operasional. Hasilpenelitian yaitu diperolehnya desain cetak biru pelayanan pasien untuk pasienrawat jalan atau instalasi gawat darurat yang memerlukan rawat inap, danpenolakan pasien dapat dikurangi dengan menetapkan penggunaan instrumenPANSS-EC untuk menilai status pasien.

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ABSTRACTThe in-patient refusal number in West Java Province Psychiatric Hospital reach300-400 patient per year, doesn’t go along with the hospital achievement numberin 2013. This research is aim at describing a Service-Blueprints for patient toreceive hospitalization services and investigate potential points for improvementwith various observations on five service units that are involve. This research is aqualitative research with operational research technique. The results are a set ofservice-blueprints design for outpatients or emergency patients, who neededhospitalization, and establishing the use of PANSS-EC instrument as a tool fordetermining the patient status can significantly lower patient refusal."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengetahui Perilaku Patient Safety Pada Perawat Di Rumkit Bhayangkara Tingkat 1 Raden Said Sukanto tahun 2011. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dengan 8 informan, mengamati perilaku perawat di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat, Ruang Intensive Care Unit, Ruang Anggrek I, Ruang Cemara II dan Ruang Nuri pada saat melakukan tindakan cuci tangan, memasang infus, melepas infus, memberi obat minum dan memberi obat suntik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perawat mengetahui tentang patient safety, pelatihan tentang patient safety sudah dilakukan, Standar Operasional Prosedur Tindakan Keperawatan sudah ada, hasil pengamatan adalah semua perawat yang diamati tidak melakukan tindakan cuci tangan sebelum memeriksa pasien, 2 perawat yang diobservasi tidak melakukan tindakan cuci tangan sesudah memeriksa pasien,44 dari 44 tindakan memasang infus tidak sesuai Standar Operasional Prosedur Tindakan Keperawatan Rumkit Bhayangkara, 22 dari 22 tindakan melepas infus tidak sesuai standar, 31 dari 31 tindakan memberikan obat minum ke pasien tidak sesuai standar dan 36 dari 36 tindakan memberi obat suntik tidak sesuai Standar Operasional Prosedur Rumkit Bhayangkara. Usulan penelitian selanjutnya diantaranya merekomendasikan untuk penelitian lanjutan yang bertujuan menggali lebih dalam penerapan program keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit.

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ABSTRACTThis study used a descriptive qualitative research design to determine the behavior of Nurse In Patient Safety At Rumkit Bhayangkara Tingkat I Raden Said Sukanto in 2011. This study was done by using in-depth interviews with eight informants, observing the behavior of nurses in the ER room, Intensive Care Unit Room, Anggrek I Room, Cemara II Room,Nuri Room at the time when they wash their hands, installing drip, drip off, giving oral medications and give medication injections. The results showed that nurses know about patient safety, patient safety training has been done, Standard Operating Procedures Nursing Actions already exists, all the nurses who observed are not washing their hands before examining patients, two nurses who are observed not washing hands after doing examining patients, 44 of 44 act of an installing IV does not fit to Standard Operating Procedure of Rumkit Bhayangkara, 22 of 22 act of off the IV does not fit to Standard Operating Procedure, 31 of 31 act of giving oral medications, does not fit to standard procedures, 33 of 33 act of medication injection, does not fit to standard procedures of Rumkit Bhayangkara Tingkat I Raden Said Sukanto. The proposal recommends further research include advanced research aimed at exploring deeper into the application program of patient safety in hospitals"

"Kehamilan tidak diinginkan adalah kehamilan tidak tepat waktu, tidak direncanakan atau diinginkan pada saat pembuahan. Kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan merugikan perempuan dan keluarga mereka melalui konsekuensi seperti aborsi yang tidak aman, perawatan prenatal tertunda, kesehatan mental ibu yang buruk, kualitas hubungan ibuanak berkurang, perkembangan yang buruk bagi anak-anak, kekerasan fisik dan kekerasan terhadap perempuan, peningkatan risiko berat badan lahir rendah juga sebagai peningkatan morbiditas ibu dan mortalitas. Apabila melihat potensi dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat kehamilan tidak diinginkan terhadap kehidupan ibu dan anak maka dibutuhkan analisis prediksi kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada Pasangan Usia Subur di Indonesia Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional (studi potong lintang) dengan menggunakan data Survei DKI tahun 2002,2007 dan 2012. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh Pasangan Usia Subur yang diwawancarai dengan Daftar SDKI. Penelitian ini akan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh umur ibu, umur menikah, jumlah anak, , penghasilan ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pemakaian kontrasepsi, kebebasan diri, kesamaan niat, aktifitas seks awal, jarak kehamilan, perilaku seksual tidak aman. Namun secara simultan yang menunjukkan tren perubahan adalah penghasilan ibu, jumlah anak, pekerjaan ibu, kebebasan diri, kegagalan kontrasepsi, dan jarak kehamilan. Kegagalan kontrasepsi merupakan variabel yang mempengaruhi secara dominan terjadinya kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada Pasangan Usia Subur

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An unwanted pregnancy is pregnancy that is mistimed, unplanned or undesirable at the time of conception. It can harm women and their families as its consequences; such as unsafe abortion, delayed prenatal care, poor mental health experienced by mothers, reduced quality of mother-child relationship, poor development for children, physical abuse and violence against women. Risk of low birth weight is also as an increase in maternal morbidity and mortality. Considering the potential impact of unwanted pregnancy to mothers’ and children life, it is necessary to analyze a prediction on unwanted pregnancies of childbearing age couples in Indonesia. Type of this research employed by the researcher was analytical descriptive with cross sectional study design using survey data of 2002-2007 and 2012. The samples used were all women in child-bearing age interviewed with SDKI List. This research would be analyzed using chi square test and logistic analysis. The result showed influences of mothers’ age, age of marriage, number of children, mothers’ income, mothers’ education, mothers’ job, contraception use, self-freedom, similarity of intention, early sex activity, pregnancy spacing, unsafe sexual behavior. But influences simultaneously showing trend of change were: income of mothers, number of children, mothers’ job, self-freedom, contraceptive failure, and pregnancy spacing. The failure of contraception was a variable that predominantly affects occurrence of unwanted pregnancies experienced by childbearing age couples."

"ABSTRAKIndeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dianggap dapat merefleksikan status pembangunan manusia. IPM merupakan indeks komposit yang salah satunya usia harapan hidup (UHH) yang diperoleh dengan metode tidak langsung. Oleh karena itu dibuat Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) yang merupakan kumpulan indikator kesehatan yang dapat mudah dan langsung diukur untuk menggambarkan masalah kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan UHH. Kerangka konsep menggunakan gabungan dari konsep H.L. Blum, Kesejahteraan Sosial, Keluarga Sejahtera, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Indikator Kebahagiaan, dan determinan sosial kesehatan, dengan mempertimbangkan keterbatasan data-data yang diperoleh dari Riskesdas 2007, Susenas 2007, dan Podes 2008. Sesuai tujuan penelitian maka kerangka konsep yang digunakan untuk melihat indikator kesehatan yang berperan mempengaruhi usia harapan hidup dan melihat peran indikator sektor lain yang mempengaruhi usia harapan hidup. Sampel yang digunakan 438 kabupaten/ kota yang tersebar di 33 provinsi. Pemilihan variabel sebagai kandidat dan untuk mendapatkan kelompok bobot menggunakan explanatory factor analysis, setelah terpilih dilakukan regresi linier untuk menentukan besaran bobot. Besaran bobot menunjukkan prioritas masalah yang harus diselesaikan terlebih dahulu. IPKM untuk tingkat nasional diperoleh dari 9 indikator, nilai korelasi dengan UHH 2007 sebesar 0,404 dan korelasi dengan IPM 2007 sebesar 0,497. Menggunakan hasil dari rumus terpilih dan dianalisis bersama-sama dengan komponen pembentuk IPM 2007 maka diperoleh nilai korelasi model sebesar 0,561. Pada model tersebut peran IPKM dalam menentukan nilai umur harapan hidup berkisar 17% dan peran terbesar pada pendidikan sebesar 64%. IPKM nasional dapat digunakan untuk membandingkan keberhasilan antar kabupaten/ kota. IPKM regional melihat masalah kesehatan spesifik di masing-masing regional. IPKM regional Jawa Bali mempunyai nilai korelasi terbaik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alat ukur keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan. IPKM kabupaten dan kotamadya untuk melihat permasalah lokal di kabupaten dan kotamadya, namun model untuk kotamadya harus ditelaah kembali.

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ABSTRACTHuman Development Index (HDI/IPM) can be used as a measure of human development status. IPM is a composite index which includes life expectancy age by indirect calculation as one of the composite variables. Therefore, the Public Health Development Index (PHDI/IPKM) is essential because it directly includes health indicators which describe health issues related to life expectancy. Conceptual framework in this study explains link between variables using numerous theoretical framework such as from H.L Blum, social welfare, family welfare, human development index, happiness indicators and social determinant of health. This study uses data from RISKESDAS 2007, SUSENAS 2007 and PODES 2008, with considering their specific limitations. This study aims to identify health indicators which contribute to life expectancy and determine other related indicators from non health sectors that associated with the life expectancy. Sample in this study includes population in 438 districts in 33 provinces in Indonesia. Candidate variables for weighted group were selected using explanatory factor analysis and followed by linear regression analysis to calculate the weight number. Weight number shows priority of the health issues that requires priority intervention. The national IPKM was calculated using nine indicators and the correlation values for 2007 life expectancy is 0.404 and correlation values for 2007 Human Development Index/IPM is 0.497. Using the selected formula and multivariate analysis of 2007 IPM components, the analysis shows model correlation value is 0.561. In this model, the IPKM contributes to the life expectancy measurement as high as 17% and the highest contribution is from the education factor (64%). The national IPKM can be used to compare performance in health development across districts. The regional IPKM describes the health issues specifically in each region. The regional IPKM for Java and Bali have the best correlation value, which means it can be used as the benchmark for health program performance in other regions. The district IPKM model can be used to illustrate the local health issues, but the model requires further analysis."

"World Health Organization merekomendasikan konsumsi sayur dan buah sedikitnya 400 gr atau 5 (lima) porsi sayur dan buah sehari. Menurut hasil analisis data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007, rata-rata porsi konsumsi sayur dan buah per hari pada penduduk Indonesia umur 10 tahun ke atas, kurang dari 5 (lima) porsi per hari. Penelitian ini untuk menentukan jumlah dan jenis anjuran konsumsi sayur dan buah penduduk Indonesia menurut kelompok umur dan jenis kelamin serta kecukupan kebutuhan vitamin A, vitamin C, potasium, asam folat and serat untuk tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data konsumsi sayur dan buah dari data Riskesdas tahun 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5 (lima) jenis buah yang paling banyak dikonsumsi penduduk Indonesia adalah pisang, jeruk, pepaya, apel dan semangka. Lima (5) jenis sayur yang paling banyak dikonsumsi penduduk Indonesia adalah sayur bayam, sayur kangkung, sayur daun singkong, sayur asam, dan sayur sop. Hasil analisis linier programming diperoleh 5 (lima) alternatif sayur dan buah menurut kelompok umur dan jenis kelamin.

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WHO has for years advocating eating 5 portion of fruit and vegetables in daily diet to keep individual healthy. However based on national health survey, only less than 10% of population followed the guidelines. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess what kind of and how much fruit and vegetables the Indonesian population eat, and on the some token, what kind of and how much fruit and vegetables minimal one should eat to satisfy the daily requirement of vitamin A, Vitamin C, Potasium, Folic Acid and Fibre. The study used consumption data from 2010 National Health Survey. Using linier programming, we then could present 5 alternatives of combination of fruits and vegetables for each age groups and sex category. We found that 5 most fruit eaten nationally were banana, orange, papaya, apel, and watermelon. While 5 most vegetables eaten were spinach, kangkung, cassava leaves, tamarind dish, and soup."

"Di daerah tertinggal dengan segala keterbatasannya masih dijumpai anak baduta yang tidak menderita diare. Karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sistem penunjang yang ada terhadap kejadian tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan data Riskesdas 2007 dengan sampel 6450 baduta. Penelitian ini menemukan proporsi kejadian tidak diare satu bulan terakhir sebesar 77%. Penelitian ini juga menemukan, faktor sistem penunjang pada tingkat individu adalah tidak adanya gizi buruk kurang (OR: 4,02) dengan kontribusi sebesar 32%, dan tidak adanya penyakit lain (OR: 10,2) dengan kontribusi sebesar 37%. Faktor pada tingkat rumah tangga adalah tidak langsung minum air (IOR: 11,8-310), adanya wadah air (IOR: 15,6-234), dan imunisasi lengkap (IOR: 12,4-293). Faktor pada tingkat Kabupaten adalah tersedianya sarana kesehatan (IOR: 1,4-17,1). Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk meningkatkan perilaku hidup bersih/sehat, menyediakan air bersih, imunisasi lengkap pada bayi, dan menyediakan sarana kesehatan.

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In remote places, where people face a lot constraints and barriers in order to obtain health services, we still found children under two years old without suffering from diarrhea. The objective of this research was to explore the relationships between the supporting factors and the above mentioned event. As many as 6,450 children under 2 years old from the Riskesdas 2007 were taken as samples for this research.

The study found that the proportion of those without diarrhea less than one month was 77%. We found that, the role of supporting factors at individual level were the absence of malnutrition (OR: 4.02) contributed to 32%, and the absence of diseases (OR: 10.2) contributed to 37%. The factor influenced at household level were: not directly drink potable water (IOR: 11.8-310), having water container (IOR: 15.6-234), and completed immunization (IOR: 12.4-293). The factor at district level was the availability of health facilities (IOR: 1.4-17.1).

This research recommended the following: promoting healthy behavior, providing clean water, completely immunize the children, and ensuring adequate availability of health facility."

"Salah satu sasaran pembangunan millenium adalah meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dengan target pada th 2015 menurunkan kematian maternal sebesar 75% antara th 1990-2015. Kematian maternal mencakup kematian wanita selama kehamilan, melahirkan dan selama 42 hari setelah melahirkan, masih merupakan masalah dan tantangan bagi kesehatan. Selain faktor obstetrik, kematian maternal juga disebabkan 3 faktor keterlambatan dan 4 terlalu yaitu muda, terlalu tua, terlalu sering dan terlalu rapat jarak melahirkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi secara diskriptif karakteristik kematian maternal dan mengidentifikasi faktor resiko kematian maternal, berdasarkan variabel utama penolong persalinan.Desain penelitian adalah kasus kontrol, analisis data dengan univariat, bivariat dengan uji Chi Square dan dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Karawang dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 324 responden terdiri dari 108 kasus kematian maternal dan 216 kontrol.Diperoleh hasil kematian maternal sebagian besar termasuk kelompok ibu umur resiko tinggi <20 th dan ≥ 35 th, dengan paritas 1kali, dan berpendidikan rendah.Faktor resiko yang berperan terhadap kematian maternal adalah ibu yang terlambat mengenal tanda bahaya dan mencari pertolongan mempunyai resiko kematian maternal 7,51 (CI 2,551-22,124), komplikasi kehamilan/persalinan resiko 5,59 (CI 2,634-11,148), Ibu yang terlambat mencapai fasilitas kesehatan mempunyai resiko kematian maternal 5,59 (CI 2,634-11,856), rujukan mempunyai resiko 3,12 (CI 1,330-7,344), umur ibu mempunyai resiko 2,33 (CI 1,185-4,603).Kematian maternal pada ibu yang penolong persalinan awal oleh non nakes tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kematian maternal.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan kepada pengelola program untuk optimalisasi implementasi kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah dalam menekan kematian maternal seperti program KB, preventif dengan Program P4K, serta intervensi pada faktor keterlambatan mengenal tanda bahaya/mencari pertolongan dan terlambat mencapai faskes, dengan mendekatkan akses ke faskes termasuk menjamin transportasinya, serta meningkatkan kualitas tenaga kesehatan.

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One of the millennium development goals is to improve maternal health by reducing the target three fourth of the maternal mortality between 1990-2015. Maternal mortality which includes deaths of women during pregnancy, childbirth and for 42 days after chilbirth, is still a problem and a challenge for health. In addition to obstetric factors, maternal mortality are also caused by 3 delays factors and 4 too much, too early or too late for giving birth,d and too frequent give birth and to many children. The objective of the study was to identify the descriptive characteristics of maternal mortality and identify risk factors of maternal mortality, and measure the probabilityof maternal mortalitybased on the main variables of the birth attendant.

The study design was a case-control study. We used Chi Square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The study was performed toward 324 respondents, consisted of 108 cases of maternal deaths and 216 controls in Karawang distric.

The result showed that maternal mortality mostly were in high risk groups of women aged <20 years and ≥ 35 years old, parity with 1 child or ≥ 4 and lower education. Other factors that had significant corelation with maternal mortality were mother who late in recognizing the danger , signs and late in seeking help with an OR = 7,51 (CI 2.551 - 22,124), women aged had an OR 2,33 (CI 1,185-4,603), complications of pregnancy/ childbirth had an OR 5,62 (CI 2,838-11,148), mothers who late in reaching health facilities had an OR= 5.58 (CI 2.624 - 11.856), refferal had an OR 3,12 (CI 1,330-7,344). Birthattendants by non health workers had no significant association with maternal mortality.

Based on our finding, it is suggested to optimize the implementation of policies that have been regulated by the government in suppressing the maternal mortality, such as family planning, preventif program P4K, as well as interventions in the delay factors which are recognizing danger signs/ seek help and not late reaching health facility with nearer access to facility including transportation, as well as improving the quality of health personnel."

"[ABSTRAKTuberkulosis (TB) paru anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global yangterabaikan (neglected), terlebih dengan proporsi 7,32% dari seluruh kasus TB diIndonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). TB paru anak selalu diakibatkan oleh infeksi TBdari populasi di lingkungan sekitar, khususnya adanya orang dewasa yg sakit TBserumah. Namun, tidak selalu TB paru dewasa mampu menularkan kesakitan padaanak serumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang didugamenurunkan risiko anak tidak sakit TB paru ketika tinggal serumah denganpenderita dewasa. Metode dengan desain kasus kontrol berdasarkan data rekammedis di sembilan rumah sakit rujukan TB anak dan puskesmas di ProvinsiDaerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Kondisi hunian khususnya kamar tidur yangbaik dan intensitas paparan TB paru dewasa yang jarang serta di pengaruhikondisi variabel lain merupakan faktor yang dapat melindungi anak agar tetapsehat meskipun kontak dengan penderita TB paru dewasa serumah;

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ABSTRACTTB disease in children is a global health problem that still neglected, moreoverwith 7,32% proportion of TB cases at Indonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). Childrenwith TB disease is most always impacted from TB infection at environmentpopulation especially from adult TB household contacts. However, children notalways get the disease as bad as TB adult then. The objective of this study was tofind protective factors that can keep healthy children who had adult TB householdcontacts. A case-control study conducted at nine referred hospital of TB childrenand several health centers based on medical records at Special Region ofYogyakarta Province. The study found that healthy houses, especially withhealthy bedroom and fewer exposures with adult TB in order influenced byconfounders variables. Those variables were reduced the risk of childhood TBdisease eventhough they exposed with adult TB in their environment;TB disease in children is a global health problem that still neglected, moreoverwith 7,32% proportion of TB cases at Indonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). Childrenwith TB disease is most always impacted from TB infection at environmentpopulation especially from adult TB household contacts. However, children notalways get the disease as bad as TB adult then. The objective of this study was tofind protective factors that can keep healthy children who had adult TB householdcontacts. A case-control study conducted at nine referred hospital of TB childrenand several health centers based on medical records at Special Region ofYogyakarta Province. The study found that healthy houses, especially withhealthy bedroom and fewer exposures with adult TB in order influenced byconfounders variables. Those variables were reduced the risk of childhood TBdisease eventhough they exposed with adult TB in their environment, TB disease in children is a global health problem that still neglected, moreoverwith 7,32% proportion of TB cases at Indonesia (Balitbangkes, 2013). Childrenwith TB disease is most always impacted from TB infection at environmentpopulation especially from adult TB household contacts. However, children notalways get the disease as bad as TB adult then. The objective of this study was tofind protective factors that can keep healthy children who had adult TB householdcontacts. A case-control study conducted at nine referred hospital of TB childrenand several health centers based on medical records at Special Region ofYogyakarta Province. The study found that healthy houses, especially withhealthy bedroom and fewer exposures with adult TB in order influenced byconfounders variables. Those variables were reduced the risk of childhood TBdisease eventhough they exposed with adult TB in their environment]"