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Tumbuan, Fasya
"Penelitian ini menyelidiki efek audiens dalam kinerja tugas pada tes matematika di kalangan mahasiswa. Sebanyak 40 mahasiswa di University of Queensland terlibat sebagai partisipan dalam eksperimen independent groups ini. Partisipan mengerjakan tes matematika yang diberi waktu di bawah salah satu dari dua kondisi eksperimental; 20 peserta dalam kondisi dengan audiens dan 20 peserta dalam kondisi tanpa audiens. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta dalam kondisi dengan audiens melaporkan skor evaluation apprehension yang lebih tinggi daripada peserta dalam kondisi tanpa audiens, tetapi kinerja peserta di kedua kondisi tidak berbeda. Ini menunjukkan bahwa temuan penelitian ini konsisten dengan Evaluation Apprehension Theory (Cottrell, 1972) yang mengatakan bahwa kehadiran audiens membuat kita merasa dievaluasi, tetapi bertentangan dengan temuan Henchy & Glass (1968) yang menunjukkan bahwa probablitas respons yang benar akan lebih tinggi untuk peserta yang berpikir kinerja mereka dievaluasi.

The present study investigated audience effects in task performance on math test among university students. An independent groups experiment was conducted involving 40 students at the University of Queensland as participants. Participants performed a timed math test in one of the two experimental conditions; 20 participants in audience condition and 20 participants in no audience condition. Results showed that participants in audience condition reported higher scores of evaluation apprehension than participants in no audience condition but task performance of participants in both conditions did not differ. This suggested that findings of this study was consistent with Evaluation Apprehension Theory (Cottrell, 1972) which suggested that the presence of an audience makes us feel evaluated but went against the findings of Henchy & Glass (1968) which showed that dominant response likelihood was higher for participants who thought their performance was evaluated. "
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Makalah dan Kertas Kerja  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bernadetha Pradnya Paramitha
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki efek audiens terhadap kinerja tugas pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menguji terjadinya fasilitasi sosial dalam model Drive Theory oleh Zajonc (1965) dan Evaluation Apprehensionoleh Cottrell (1972). Empat puluh mahasiswa prasarjana The University of Queensland direkrut melalui convenience sampling untuk berpartisipasi. Eksperimen kelompok independen digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja tugas dan pemahaman evaluasi dalam kondisi ada dan tidak ada audiens. Partisipan menyelesaikan tugas matematika penjumlahan dua digit dan survei pemeriksaan manipulasi, pemahaman evaluasi, dan kesulitan tugas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipan merasa tugas yang diberikan relatif mudah untuk diselesaikan dan variabel independen berhasil dimanipulasi. Meski demikian, tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara kinerja tugas dari kedua kondisi. Selain itu, partisipan dalam kondisi dengan audiens merasa lebih dievaluasi daripada partisipan tanpa audiens. Temuan ini memberikan bukti lebih lanjut mengenai pemahaman evaluasi pada saat ini, namun gagal menjelaskan fasilitasi sosial pada kinerja tugas karena kinerja partisipan pada kedua kondisi serupa.

This study aims to investigate audience effects in task performance on university students. It tests the occurrence of social facilitation as described by Zajonc (1965) in his Drive Theory, and Evaluation Apprehension model by Cottrell (1972). Forty University of Queensland undergraduate students were recruited through convenience sampling. An independent groups experiment was used to measure task performance and evaluation apprehension on Audience and No Audience condition. Participants completed a two-digits additions mathematics task and survey of manipulation check, evaluation apprehension, and task difficulty. It was found that participants felt the task was relatively easy to complete and IV was successfully manipulated. No significant difference was found between task performance in both conditions. Additionally, participants in Audience condition felt significantly more evaluated than participants in No Audience condition. These findings provide further evidence of evaluation apprehension in the present day, however it failed to explain social facilitation on task performance as participants’ performance on both conditions are similar."
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Makalah dan Kertas Kerja  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Audrey Ayudia
"Secara umum, assesmen, seperti test, seringkali dilakukan dibawah pengawasan oleh ahli. Namun, sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran audiens ahli dapat mempengaruhi performa individu menjadi buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh keberadaan audiens ahli pada performa kerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang melibatkan tiga kelompok, yakni kelompok diawasi audiens ahli, kelompok diawasi audiens pemula dan kelompok tidak dalam pengawasan audiens. Pada penelitian ini, diprediksikan bahwa individu yang berada diawasi audiens ahli akan menampilkan performa lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan individu yang tidak berada diawasi audiens ahli. Sebanyak tiga puluh mahasiswa University of Queensland direkrut secara sukarela sebagai partisipan. Peserta diminta untuk menjawab persoalan matematika dalam format jawaban pendek dengan benar di bawah batas waktu. Hasil penelitian lintas kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam performa kerja antara kondisi audiens ahli, audiens pemula dan tanpa audiens. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran audiens ahli tidak berpengaruh dalam performa individu dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika. Oleh karena itu, adanya perubahan pengawasan asesmen melalui pemula sebagai pengawas tidak memiliki perbedaan karena tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengawasan asesmen terhadap performa pengerjaan masalah.

Assessments are generally conducted under the supervision of experts (e.g. test). However, the presence of an expert audience might result on a poor individual performance. The current study aimed to test whether the presence of an expert audience have an effect on individual performance. This study is an experimental study that with three group (i.e. expert audience group, novice audience group, and no audience group). It is predicted that those who are under the expert audience condition would perform worse compared to those in the novice audience or no audience condition. A total of thirty University of Queensland students are voluntarily recruited as participants. The participants are asked to answer correctly math equations with short answer format under a time limit. The result showed there are no significant difference between the expert audience conditions, the novice audience conditions, and no audience conditions. This current study suggests that the presence of an expert audience have no effect on the individual performance. Thus, it argues that changing the supervisor of assessment to novice instead of experts would have no difference, as it held no significant effect on task performance."
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Makalah dan Kertas Kerja  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Az Zahra Sinar Guntara
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki efek audiens dalam menyimpul tali sepatu di kalangan mahasiswa. Sebanyak 29 mahasiswa di University of Queensland berpartisipasi dalam eksperimen independent groups ini. Partisipan diminta untuk menyimpul tali sepatu dalam kurun waktu tertentu, dimana mereka ditempatkan pada salah satu dari dua kondisi eksperimental, yaitu dalam kondisi audiens dan tanpa audiens. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta dalam kondisi audiens mempunyai kinerja lebih lama daripada peserta dalam kondisi tanpa audiens. Evaluation Apprehension skor bagi peserta di kedua kondisi juga tidak berbeda. Hasil ini bertentangan dengan Drive Theory (Zajonc, 1965) dan Evaluation Apprehension Theory (Cottrell, 1972) yang menyatakan bahwa kehadiran audiens akan meningkatkan performa partisipan dan membuat peserta berpikir bahwa kinerja mereka dievaluasi.

The present study aims to examine the audience effects on tying shoelaces among university students. A total of 29 university students participated in an independent group experiment where each participant was assigned to either audience or no audience condition. The participants were asked to tie the shoelaces of six identical shoes, in which the performance will be measured by the average time taken in seconds for completion. Results revealed that participants in the audience condition were performing slower than those in no audience condition. Evaluation apprehension also did not differ in both audience conditions. This suggested that findings of this study were not consistent with Drive Theory (Zajonc, 1965) and Evaluation Apprehension Theory (Cottrell, 1972) which suggested that the presence of audiences would improve one’s performance and make participants feel evaluated, respectively."
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Makalah dan Kertas Kerja  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Malika Hisana Hasya
"Fenomena efek audiens terjadi ketika kinerja individu meningkat atau memburuk di hadapan orang lain. Menurut Triplett (1989), kinerja seseorang juga akan meningkat jika terjadi persaingan saat melakukan aktifitas tertentu atau hanya sekedar ketika individu lain melakukan tugas yang sama. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana pengaruh audiens dan kempetisi mempengaruhi tugas kinerja fisik individu dalam melakukan wall sit. Terdapat 40 partisipan mahasiswa dari University of Queensland yang dianggap pemula atau tidak memiliki pengalaman ekstensif sebelumnya dalam wall sit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang efek positif signifikan pada pengaruh penonton, tetapi hasil yang sama tidak ditemukan dalam kondisi kompetisi. Namun, ada beberapa faktor luar yang perlu dipertimbangkan dan dievaluasi ulang untuk studi lebih lanjut.

Audience effect phenomenon happened when an individual performance in enhanced or deteriorated in a presence of others. According to Triplett (1989), performance would also enhance if there’s a competition when doing a certain task or just simply when another individual is doing the same task. This study investigates on how audience effect and competition effects individual physical performance task of wall sit. The participants were 40 students from University of Queensland who were considered novice or does not have any previous extensive experience in wall sit. The result showed that there was a significant positive effect difference when in audience effect, but the same result was not found in term of competition. However, there were some extraneous factors that needs to consider and re-evaluate for further study."
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Makalah dan Kertas Kerja  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Aqilla Sekar Ningrum Prastyo
"Perubahan sistem belajar dari luring ke daring menjadi tantangan bagi para guru dalam menjalankan perannya secara efektif. Hal tersebut mengharuskan guru untuk bersikap terbuka dan beradaptasi terhadap perubahan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran grit sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara openness to experience dan efektivitas pengajaran guru SMK saat masa pembelajaran jarak jauh di DKI Jakarta. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 211 guru SMK di DKI Jakarta yang sedang mengajar secara jarak jauh. Partisipan merupakan 128 guru perempuan (60.7%) dan 83 guru laki-laki (39.3%). Partisipan didominasi oleh guru yang mengajar di Jakarta Timur dengan jumlah 64 guru (30.3%). Partisipan memiliki rentang pengalaman mengajar 1 tahun sampai 36 tahun (M = 3.25, SD = 2.05). Partisipan berusia 23 hingga 65 tahun (M = 43.94, SD = 11.46). Sebanyak 142 guru (67.3%) mengajar di sekolah negeri dan 69 guru (32.7%) mengajar di sekolah swasta. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Big Five Personality Inventory (John, 1990) untuk mengukur openness to experience guru, Teacher Effectiveness Scale (Kyriakides, Campbell & Christofidou, 2002) untuk mengukur efektivitas guru, dan Grit Short Scale (Duckworth & Quinn, 2009) untuk mengukur grit guru. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat hasil signifikan pada indirect effect (ab = .321, p < .01, 95% CI [.177, .487]) dan direct effect (c’ = 1.298, p < .01, 95% CI [.964, 1.633]). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa grit memediasi hubungan antara openness to experience dan efektivitas guru secara parsial. Hasil penelitian mengimplikasikan bahwa guru perlu memiliki openness to experience tinggi untuk meningkatkan grit sehingga efektivitas guru pun meningkat. Pemerintah maupun pihak sekolah dapat menyelenggarakan program pelatihan untuk meningkatkan openness to experience yang dapat meningkatkan grit sehingga efektivitas guru meningkat.

The change in the learning system from offline-based to online-based is a challenge for teachers in carrying out their roles effectively. This requires teachers to be open and adapt to the changes that occur. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of grit as a mediator in the relationship of openness to experience and teacher effectiveness during the distance learning among vocational high school teachers in DKI Jakarta. This study involved 211 vocational high school teachers in DKI Jakarta who were currently conducting distance learning. The participants were 128 female teachers (60.7%) and 83 male teachers (39.3%). Participants are dominated by teachers who teach in East Jakarta with a total of 64 teachers (30.3%). Participants had a range of teaching experience from 1 year to 36 years (M = 3.25, SD = 2.05). Participants were aged 23 to 65 years (M = 43.94, SD = 11.46). A total of 142 teachers (67.3%) teach in public schools and 69 teachers (32.7%) teach in private schools. This study used the Teacher Effectiveness Scale (Kyriakides, Campbell & Christofidou, 2002) to measure teacher’s effectiveness, the Big Five Personality Inventory openness to experience dimension (John, 1990) to measure teacher’s openness to experience, and the Grit Short Scale (Duckworth & Quinn, 2009) to measure teacher’s grit. Based on the result of the analysis, there is a significant indirect effect ("
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Arnetta Auriella Ramadhani
"Sistem pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi COVID-19 menjadi tantangan bagi guru untuk mengajar secara efektif. Efektivitas guru penting untuk diperhatikan agar kualitas dan hasil pendidikan dapat terjaga. Efektivitas guru dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, dua diantaranya adalah kepribadian proaktif dan kecerdasan emosional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji peran kepribadian proaktif dan kecerdasan emosional secara bersamaan terhadap efektivitas guru pada guru SMK saat masa pembelajaran jarak jauh di DKI Jakarta. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 211 guru SMK (M-usia = 43 tahun) Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Teacher Effectiveness Scale (Kyriakides, Campbell & Christofidou, 2002) untuk mengukur efektivitas guru, Proactive Personality Scale (Seibert, Crant & Kraimer, 1999) untuk mengukur kepribadian proaktif dan Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (Petrides & Furnham, 2006) untuk mengukur kecerdasan emosional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kepribadian proaktif dan kecerdasan emosional memiliki pengaruh secara bersamaan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap efektivitas guru (F(2, 208) = 55.165, p < .001, R2 = .347). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa 34,7% varians dapat dijelaskan oleh kepribadian proaktif dan kecerdasan emosional.Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas guru.

Distance learning as an impact of COVID-19 pandemic becomes a challenge for teacher effectiveness. It is important to pay attention to the effectiveness of teachers so that the quality and results of education can be maintained. Teacher effectiveness can be influenced by various factors, two of which are proactive personality and emotional intelligence. This study was conducted to examine the role of proactive personality and emotional intelligence simultaneously on the effectiveness of teachers in vocational school teachers during the distance learning period in DKI Jakarta. The participants of this study were 211 SMK teachers (M-age = 43 years). This study uses the Teacher Effectiveness Scale (Kyriakides, Campbell & Christofidou, 2002) to measure teacher effectiveness, the Proactive Personality Scale (Seibert, Crant & Kraimer, 1999) to measure proactive personality and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (Petrides & Furnham , 2006) to measure emotional intelligence. The results of the analysis show that proactive personality and emotional intelligence have a positive and significant effect on teacher effectiveness (F(2, 208) = 55.165, p < .001, R2 = .347). This shows that 34.7% of the variance can be explained by proactive personality and emotional intelligence. The result of this study can be used to increase teacher effectiveness."
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Annisa Nabila Ramadhani Yunandar
"Sistem pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi COVID-19 menjadi tantangan bagi guru untuk mengajar secara efektif. Penelitian ini ingin menguji peran dan efektivitas guru. Hasil penelitian mengimplikasikan bahwa guru perlu memiliki Distance learning as an impact of COVID-19 pandemic becomes a challenge for teacher effectiveness. The current study examined the role of psychological capital as a mediator of the relationship between openness to experience and teacher effectiveness. This study involved 172 senior high school teachers in Jabodetabek as respondents who are currently conducting distance learning. The mediation analysis results revealed a significant indirect effect between openness to experience and teacher effectiveness through psychological capital, [.668, 1.369]. These findings prove that psychological capital mediates the relationship between openness to experience and teacher effectiveness. Therefore, teachers should have high openness to experience to increase psychological capital so teacher effectiveness will also increase. "
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bagus Widodo Cahyo Putro
"Subjective well-being guru merupakan hal yang penting untuk dimiliki dan dipengaruhi oleh hubungan guru-siswa, juga oleh dukungan sosial eksternal berupa tunjangan sertifikasi guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi dari hubungan guru-siswa dan sertifikasi terhadap subjective well-being guru baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Hubungan guru-siswa diukur dengan menggunakan Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) milik Aldrup et al. (2018), sedangkan subjective well-being guru diukur dengan alat ukur Teacher Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (TSWQ) milik Renshaw et al. (2015). Status sertifikasi diukur dengan pertanyaan tertutup. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 289 orang yang merupakan guru pada jenjang sekolah menengah (SMP dan SMA/Sederajat). Berdasarkan multiple regression analysis, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial persepsi guru mengenai hubungan guru-siswa dapat memprediksi subjective well-being guru jenjang sekolah menengah. Namun, status sertifikasi tidak dapat memprediksi subjective well-being guru jenjang sekolah menengah. Sedangkan persepsi guru mengenai hubungan guru-siswa dan status sertifikasi secara bersama-sama (simultan) dapat memprediksi subjective well-being guru.

Teacher subjective well-being is an important thing to have and is influenced by the teacher-student relationship, by external social support in the form of teacher certification allowances. This study aims to determine the contribution of the teacher-student relationship and teacher certification either partially or simultaneously. Teacher-student relationships were measured using the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) belonging to Aldrup et al. (2018), while the subjective well-being of teachers is measured by the Teacher Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (TSWQ) by Renshaw et al. (2015). Certification is measured by closed questions. Respondents in this study are 289 people who are teachers at the middle school level (SMP and SMA/equivalent). Based on multiple regression analysis, the results showed that partially teacher-student relationships could predict the subjective well-being of secondary school teachers. However, certification cannot predict the subjective well-being of secondary school teachers. Meanwhile, teacher-student relationships and certification status can predict teachers' subjective well-being simultaneously."
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ranindya Sarah Bestari
"Perubahan sistem pembelajaran dari tatap muka menjadi Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) menyebabkan efektivitas guru menurun. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas guru adalah perilaku kerja inovatif guru. Akan tetapi, penelitian terdahulu masih menunjukkan adanya inkonsistensi antara hubungan keduanya. Adaptabilitas dipilih sebagai variabel mediator. Perilaku kerja inovatif dapat memengaruhi adaptabilitas dan adaptabilitas dapat memengaruhi efektivitas guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran adaptabilitas sebagai mediator antara hubungan perilaku kerja inovatif dan efektivitas guru. Efektivitas guru diukur menggunakan Teacher Effectiveness Scale (TSE), perilaku kerja inovatif diukur menggunakan Skala Perilaku Kerja Inovatif, dan adaptabiltias diukur menggunakan The Adaptability Scale. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner daring dan cetak kepada guru SMA di wilayah Jabodetabek yang sedang menjalani Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ). Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan model regresi mediasi menggunakan program makro PROCESS oleh Hayes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptabilitas memediasi hubungan antara perilaku kerja inovatif dan efektivitas guru. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi guru untuk meningkatkan perilaku kerja inovatifnya agar dapat meningkatkan adaptabilitas yang diikuti dengan peningkatan efektivitas guru.

The change in the learning system to distance learning causes teachers to lack effectiveness. One of the factors that predicted teacher effectiveness is innovative work behavior. However, the previous studies found an inconsistency between the relationship of innovative work behavior and teacher effectiveness. Adaptability was selected as the mediator variable. Innovative work behavior could predict adaptability and adaptability could predict teacher effectiveness. This study examines the role of adaptability as a mediator in the relationship between innovative work behavior and teacher effectiveness among senior high school teachers in the distance learning context. Teacher effectiveness was measured by Teacher Effectiveness Scale (TES), innovative work behavior was measured by Skala Perilaku Kerja Inovatif, and adaptability was measured by The Adaptability Scale. The respondents of this study are senior high school teachers in Jabodetabek area who were undergoing distance learning which acquired through an online and paper-based questionnaire. A regression mediation analysis model was conducted to test the study’s hypothesis using macro program PROCESS by Hayes. The result of the analysis shows that adaptability mediating the relationship between innovative work behavior and teacher effectiveness. Therefore, innovative work behavior is important to be possessed by teachers in order to improving teacher’s adaptability and eventually followed by the improvement of teacher effectiveness.
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Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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