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"Latar belakang: Skeling dan penghalusan akar (SPA) dapat mengubah komposisi bakteri patogen. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek klinis dan mikrobiologis (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia) setelah SPA pada periodontitis kronis poket 4-6 mm. Metode: Empat puluh tiga subjek diperiksa kedalaman poket, indeks pendarahan gingiva, sampel plak subgingiva, serta dilakukan SPA pada kunjungan awal, bulan kedua, ketiga, keenam. Hasil: Kedalaman poket, pendarahan gingiva, populasi P. gingivalis, T. forsythia menurun (p<0,05). Penurunan kedalaman poket tidak berhubungan dengan penurunan populasi P.g (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: SPA meningkatkan kondisi klinis dan mikrobiologis poket 4-6 mm. Perbaikan kondisi klinis berhubungan dengan penurunan kedua bakteri kecuali kedalaman poket dengan populasi P.gingivalis.

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Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) can change the composition of bacterial pathogens.

Objective: To know the clinical and microbiological effects (P.gingivalis and T. forsythia) of SRP at 4-6 mm pocket depth of chronic periodontitis.

Method: Forty-three subject were performed with SRP on the initial visit, two, three, six month. Pocket depth, gingival bleeding index (PBI) and subgingival plaque samples were examined.

Result: (There is a) decrease in pocket depth, gingival bleeding index, populations of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia (p <0.05). The decrease in pocket depth was not associated with a decrease in the population of P.g (p >0.05).

Conclusion: SRP can improve clinical and microbiological condition in the treatment of chronic periodontitis with 4-6 mm pocket depth. The improvement of clinical condition is associated with the decreasing of bacteria population, except pocket depth is not associated with the P. gingivalis population."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek obat kumur mengandung ekstrak daun teh hijau terhadap penyembuhan keradangan gingiva secara klinis. 60 penderita gingivitis dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Berkumur dilakukan dua kali sehari selama empat hari. Pengukuran Indeks Plak (PlI) dan Indeks Papilla-Bleeding (PBI) dilakukan pada hari nol dan hari lima. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Paired dan Independent T-Test. Terdapat penurunan PlI dan PBI yang bermakna (p<0,05) setelah berkumur pada kedua kelompok dan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara kelompok pada penurunan PlI dan PBI. Dengan demikian, obat kumur mengandung ekstrak daun teh hijau mampu menurunkan keradangan gingiva.

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The purpose of this research is to know the effect of mouthwash containing green tea leaves extract towards gingivitis healing clinically. 60 subjects suffering gingivitis were divided into two groups, the experimental group and control group. Rinsing was done twice a day for four days. Plaque Index (PlI) and Papilla-Bleeding Index (PBI) were measured on day zero and day fifth. Data were analyzed using Paired and Independent T-Test. There was a significant reduction (p<0,05) of PlI and PBI post-rinsing within both group and there was significant difference (p<0,05) between the groups on PlI and PBI reduction. Mouthwash containing green tea leaves extract is able to decrease gingival inflammation."

"Periodontitis adalah penyakit inflamasi pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme spesifik, sehingga menghasilkan kerusakan pada jaringan periodontal. Kondisi sistemik dan peningkatan usia akan memengaruhi jaringan periodontal karena adanya perubahan sistem pertahanan imun dan inflamasi tubuh. Klasifikasi penyakit periodontal terus mengalami perkembangan. Klasifikasi yang masih digunakan saat ini adalah klasifikasi dari American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) tahun 1999. Setelah hampir dua puluh tahun klasifikasi AAP 1999 digunakan di dunia, ternyata dalam penggunaannya di klinik banyak terdapat berbagai kekurangan. Pada 2017, AAP mempublikasikan klasifikasi terbaru mengenai penyakit serta kondisi periodontal dan periimplan. Periodontitis diklasifikasikan berdasarkan stage dan grade. Penelitian mengenai distribusi periodontitis berdasarkan penyakit periodontal dengan klasifikasi AAP tahun 2017 belum dilakukan di Indonesia, terutama distribusi berdasarkan kondisi dan penyakit sistemik pasien serta hubungannya dengan usia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi periodontitis serta hubungannya dengan usia menurut klasifikasi penyakit periodontal berdasarkan AAP 2017 pada pasien dengan kondisi dan penyakit sistemik di RSKGM FKG UI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik cross sectional untuk distribusi penyakit periodontal pada pasien dengan kondisi dan penyakit sistemik serta hubungannya dengan usia menurut klasifikasi penyakit periodontal berdasarkan AAP 2017 yang didapat dari 331 rekam medis RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2014-2019. Analisis data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS dengan analisis univariat yang dilakukan untuk menggambarkan distribusi serta analisis bivariat Kendall untuk menggambarkan korelasi stage dan grade dengan usia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, persentase klasifikasi periodontitis tertinggi pada seluruh subjek penelitian adalah stage III grade C (39,9%), pada subjek dengan kondisi merokok adalah stage III grade C (52,7%), serta pada subjek penelitian dengan diabetes mellitus, hipertensi adalah stage III grade B, dengan persentase secara berurut 45,8% dan 45,7%. Pada pasien dengan kondisi dengan penyakit sistemik, peningkatan usia berbanding lurus dengan stage periodontitis dan berbanding terbalik dengan grade periodontitis. Kesimpulan yang bisa ditarik dari penelitian ini yakni klasifikasi AAP 2017 menjelaskan periodontitis lebih spesifik karena mempertimbangkan tingkat keparahan, riwayat progresi periodontitis, kemungkinan risiko progresi periodontitis di masa mendatang, serta penilaian risiko penyakit dapat mempengaruhi kondisi tubuh secara umum, klasifikasi ini dapat digunakan pada RSKGM FKG UI.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by specific microorganisms, resulting in damage to the periodontal tissue. Systemic conditions and aging will affect the periodontal tissue due to changes in the immune defense system and inflammation of the body. Classification of periodontal disease continues to develop. The classification that is commonly used today is the classification from the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) in 1999. After almost twenty years of AAP 1999 classification used worldwide, it turns out that there were many shortcomings in its use. In 2017, AAP published the latest classification of diseases and periodontal and periimplinary conditions. Periodontitis is classified by stage and grade. Research on the distribution of periodontitis based on periodontal disease with AAP classification in 2017 has not been conducted in Indonesia, especially distribution based on the condition and systemic disease of patients as well as its relationship with age. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of periodontitis and its relationship with age according to the classification of periodontal diseases based on AAP 2017 in patients with systemic conditions and diseases in the RSKGM FKG UI. This study uses descriptive analytic cross-sectional analysis for the distribution of periodontal disease and its correlation with aging in patients with systemic conditions and diseases based on AAP 2017 classification of periodontal diseases which obtained from 331 medical records of RSKGM FKG UI in the 2014-2019 visit. Data analysis in this study was carried out using SPSS with univariate analysis conducted to describe the distribution and bivariate analysis of Kendall to describe stage and grade correlation with age. Based on the results of the study, the highest percentage of periodontitis classification in all study subjects was stage III grade C (39.9%), in subjects with smoking conditions was stage III grade C (52.7%), and in research subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension is stage III grade B, with sequential percentages of 45.8% and 45.7%. In patients with systemic condition and disease, increases of age are directly proportional to stage periodontitis and inversely proportional to grade periodontitis. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that the 2017 AAP classification explains periodontitis more specifically because it considers the severity, history of periodontitis progression, possible risk of progression of periodontitis in the future, and assessment of disease risk can affect general body condition, this classification can be used in RSKGM FKG UI."

"Periodontitis merupakan salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut yang umum diderita penduduk dunia. Klasifikasi penyakit periodontitis direvisi pada tahun 2017, menggabungkan periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif menjadi periodontitis yang memiliki tiga dimensi untuk menjelaskan periodontitis. Data epidemiologi penyakit periodontitis menggunakan klasifikasi terbaru dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dalam menyusun rencana pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit periodontitis. Data tersebut masih belum ada di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi penyakit periodontitis menggunakan klasifikasi penyakit periodontal tahun 2017 di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Periode 2014-2017. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif data sekunder dengan subjek 392 rekam medik. Hasil: Penyakit periodontitis terbanyak menurut pembagian staging adalah stage 3 (52,2%) dan stage 4 (35,8%), menurut pembagian grading adalah grade A (60,4%), dan menurut distribusi dan perluasan adalah generalis (82,6%). Kesimpulan: Klasifikasi terbaru periodontitis tahun 2017 memberikan detil yang lebih baik dalam menggambarkan kondisi rongga mulut pasien. Penyakit periodontitis terbanyak menurut klasifikasi tahun 2017 adalah stage 3 grade A generalis.

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Periodontitis is one of the most common oral disease infected world citizen. Periodontitis classification was revised in 2017, which merge chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis into periodontitis with three dimensions as descriptor. Epidemiology information of periodontitis can be used as information for prevention and treatment plan of periodontitis. In Indonesia, there is no data about the new classification.

Objective: Discover the distribution of periodontitis at Periodontal Clinic RSKGM FKG UI 2014-2017.

Methods: Descriptive study using 392 medical records as subjects.

Results: The most common periodontitis based on staging is stage 3 (52,2%) and stage 4 (35,8%), grade A (60,4) based on grading, and generalized (82,6%) based on distribution and extent.

Conclusion: The new periodontitis classification in 2017 gives better detail in describing patient oral cavitiy condition. The most common periodontitis based on 2017 classification is stage 3 grade A generalized."

"Latar Belakang: Eliminasi Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) dan Treponema denticola (Td), dengan skeling dan penghalusan akar (SPA) meningkatkan densitas tulang alveolar. Tujuan: Analisis densitas tulang alveolar serta jumlah bakteri Pg dan Td sebelum dan sesudah SPA pada kasus periodontitis kronis. Metode: Empat puluh subjek menyetujui informed consent, dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis, radiografis densitas tulang alveolar, penghitungan jumlah Pg dan Td dengan RT-PCR. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna jumlah bakteri Pg, Td, serta densitas tulang antara sebelum dan sesudah SPA (p<0,05); Hubungan bermakna antara jumlah bakteri Pg dan Td dengan densitas radiografis (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: SPA menurunkan jumlah bakteri Pg, Td, dan meningkatkandensitas radiografis tulang alveolar.

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Background: Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Treponema denticola (Td) with scaling and root planing (SRP) can increase the radiographic alveolar bone density.

Objective: To analyze radiographic bone density, amount of Pg and Td before and after SRP.

Methods: Fourty subjects fill the informed consent, clinical examination, radiographic examination for bone density, count of Pg and Td using RT-PCR.

Result: Significant differences between radiographic bone density, amount of Pg and Td before and after SRP. Significant association between amount of Pg and Td and bone radiographic density.

Conclusion: Scaling and root planing decrease the amount of Pg and Td and increase radiographic bone density."

"Latar belakang: Terapi regenerasi jaringan periodontal pada pola kerusakan tulang alveolar horizontal selama ini belum membuahkan hasil yang memuaskan. Terapi regenerasi memerlukan scaffold, sel punca, dan signaling molecules. Scaffold dalam terapi regenerasi salah satunya yaitu kitosan. Penambahan arginylglycylaspartic acid RGD pada kitosan membantu adhesi sel. Periodontal ligament PDL cell sheet membantu regenerasi periodontal. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek kitosan, RGD, dan PDL cell sheet terhadap perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis pada kerusakan tulang alveolar horizontal. Metode dan Bahan: Model kerusakan tulang horizontal pada M. nemestrina dibuat dengan bur dan elastik ortodontik. Sampel dibagi empat kelompok n=8 : kitosan, kitosan RGD, kitosan PDL cell sheet, dan kitosan RGD PDL cell sheet. Peningkatan perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis dievaluasi setelah empat minggu. Hasil: Peningkatan perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis kelompok kitosan RGD PDL cell sheet 3,00 0,756 mm lebih baik dibandingkan kitosan 1,75 0,707 mm dan kitosan RGD 2,13 0,835 mm. Kesimpulan: Kelompok kitosan RGD PDL cell sheet berpotensi dapat meningkatan perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis terbaik.

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Background: Periodontal regeneration therapy in horizontal bone defect has not been satisfactory yet. Tissue regeneration require scaffold, stem cells, and signaling molecule. One of scaffold that use in regenerative therapy is chitosan. Combination of chitosan with arginylglycylaspartic acid RGD has the ability to improve cell adhesion. Periodontal ligament PDL cell sheet has the ability to promote periodontal regeneration.

Objectives: Evaluate attachment gaining on clinical periodontal attachment using chitosan RGD, and PDL cell sheet in horizontal bone defect.

Material and Methods: The horizontal bone defect model of M. nemestrina was made using bur and orthodontic elastic. Regenerative therapy divided into four groups n 8 chitosan, chitosan RGD, chitosan PDL cell sheet, and chitosan RGD PDL cell sheet. Clinical periodontal attachment was evaluated after four weeks.

Results: Clinical periodontal attachment of chitosan RGD PDL cell sheet 3,00 0,756 mm was better than chitosan 1,75 0,707 mm and chitosan RGD 2,13 0,835 mm.

Conclusion: Chitosan RGD PDL cell sheet groups has the potential to increase clinical periodontal attachment."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peran root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning (minosiklin 2,1% dan EDTA 24%) terhadap keberadaan smear layer setelah penghalusan akar gigi. Metoda: Sepuluh gigi manusia yang dicabut akibat kelainan periodontal dan dilakukan penghalusan akar. Gigi dipotong pada daerahsepertiga servikal, dan 30 spesimen yang terbentuk dibagi dalam tiga kelompok.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap tingkat keberadaan smear layer antara kelompok minosiklin maupun EDTA (p=0,759). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok minosiklin dan EDTA dengan salin sebagai kontrol (p=0,00). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.;Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer., Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.]"

"[Latar Belakang: Regenerasi periodontal diawali dengan perlekatan bekuan fibrin yang stabil. Tujuan: Mengamati perbedaan tingkat perlekatan bekuan fibrin pada permukaan akar yang dilakukan root surface conditioning dengan menggunakan minosiklin dan EDTA. Metode: Tiga puluh buah permukaan akar gigi dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok minosiklin, kelompok EDTA dan kelompok kontrol salin. Pada permukaan akar gigi dilakukan aplikasi darah segar dan dibiarkan berkoagulasi, bekuan fibrin di evaluasi dengan Scaning Electron Microscope. Hasil Penelitian: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara bekuan fibrin kelompok minosiklin dengan EDTA (p=0,759). Kesimpulan: Bahan EDTA dan minosiklin menghasilkan kepadatan bekuan fibrin yang sama pada permukaan akar gigi.

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Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface;Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface;Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface, Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface]"

"Latar belakang: Peran Interleukin-4 dengan derajat keparahan periodontitis kronis dan kebiasaan merokok belum dipahami. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar Interleukin-4 pada perokok penderita periodontitis kronis. Bahan dan Metoda: Penelitian cross-sectional periodontitis kronis pada 104 subjek, 33-78 tahun di RSKGM FKG-UI. Pengumpulan data klinis periodontal, status merokok serta sampel cairan krevikular gingiva. Pemilihan sampel secara consecutive sampling dan deteksi kadar Interleukin-4 dengan uji ELISA. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Interleukin-4 pada perokok dan bukan perokok (p=0,000), tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Interleukin-4 pada penderita periodontitis ringan-sedang dengan berat (p=0,092). Kesimpulan: Terdapat keterkaitan antara kadar Interleukin-4 dengan derajat keparahan periodontitis kronis perokok.

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Background: The role of Interleukin-4 in smoker periodontitis is unclear.

Purpose: To analyze Interleukin-4 levels in smoker with chronic periodontitis.

Material and method: Cross-sectional study of 104 subjects chronic periodontitis, 33-78 years old in RSKGM FKG-UI. The data was collected by periodontal clinical examination, smoking status, and gingival crevicular fluid. Samples detected by ELISA test.

Result: There is significant differences found in Interleukin-4 level between smoker and non smoker (p=0,000). There is no significant differences found in Interleukin-4 level between mild-moderate and severe chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion: There is a correlation of Interleukin-4 level with chronic periodontitis degree of severity in smoker."

"Latar belakang: Kebiasaan merokok merupakan faktor risiko periodontitis kronis. Penelitian mengenai perbedaan kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada masing-masing 101 subjek periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok yang diambil dari rekam medik klinik integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2010-2015. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney terdapat perbedaan bermakna p < 0,05 rerata kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva antara perokok dan bukan perokok. Kesimpulan: Rerata kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva perokok lebih besar daripada bukan perokok.

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Background: Smoking is one of the risk factors of chronic periodontitis. Studies that shows the difference of pocket depth and gingival recession of chronic periodontitis patient between smokers and nonsmokers are still rare.

Objective: Knowing the difference of pocket depth and gingival recession between smokers and nonsmokers chronic periodontitis patient.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using medical records of 101 smokers and 101 nonsmokers who suffered chronic periodontitis in integration clinic RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015.

Results: Mann Whitney test showed that there were significant differences in the average of pocket depth and gingival recession (p<0,05) between smokers and nonsmokers.

Conclusions: The average of pocket depth and gingival recession in smokers is higher than nonsmokers."